Budget Amount *help |
¥3,830,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥630,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2008: ¥1,820,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥420,000)
Fiscal Year 2007: ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000)
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Research Abstract |
An appropriate field of punishment must be determined from a viewpoint of the deterrent effect and the stigma of punishment. Especially, punishment has a function of forming norms, but at the same time the stigma of punishment often leads to a misunderstanding that offenders are blamed for their tendency.
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