| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,590,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥690,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2008: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2007: ¥600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000)
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| Research Abstract |
The major outcomes of this research are the following. (1) Cultural Essentialism and standardized communication pattern is reproduced in Japanese education through textbooks and teaching practices. Students, therefore, need to critically examine what is taught, while educators should reflexively and critically their own teaching practices and facilitate an approach that develops students' critical examinations. (2) A specific communication pattern and communication competence as the global standard for communication tends to be uncritically and unconsciously accepted beyond one's own language use, which is similar and closely related to language standardization. (3) A historical examination of intercultural communication research and education with the three stages was made and examined an applicability of the recent "Critical Approach" (i.e. Critical Intercultural Communication & Critical Communication Pedagogy) to Japanese socio-cultural contexts. (4) A historical examination was also made to Communication Models/Concepts with the three approaches : (a) Transmission Model ; (b) Social Construction Model ; and (c) Critical Model.
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