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Enhancing the direct search for dark matter in the XENON nT experiment with a water Cerenkov neutron detector

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19H00675
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Medium-sized Section 15:Particle-, nuclear-, astro-physics, and related fields
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

Martens Kai  東京大学, カブリ数物連携宇宙研究機構, 准教授 (20535025)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 竹田 敦  東京大学, 宇宙線研究所, 准教授 (40401286)
伊藤 好孝  名古屋大学, 宇宙地球環境研究所, 教授 (50272521)
身内 賢太朗  神戸大学, 理学研究科, 准教授 (80362440)
平出 克樹  東京大学, 宇宙線研究所, 特任助教 (10584261)
Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥40,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥31,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥9,390,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥9,360,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,160,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥9,230,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,130,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥8,580,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,980,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥13,520,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,120,000)
Keywordsneutron veto / dark matter / water Cherenkov / gadolinium sulfate / direct detection / gadolinium / neutron tagging / WIMP / solar axion / 暗黒物質 / 水チェレンコフ型検出器 / 中性子検出器
Outline of Research at the Start

暗黒物質(DM)の正体の解明は現代の物理学における最重要課題の一つである。有効質量約4tの液体キセノン検出器を用いたXENONnT実験は世界最高感度でのDM探索を行う。この実験ではDMによるキセノン原子核の反跳現象を探索するが、検出器内部の放射性不純物起因の中性子でも同様の現象が起こるため、中性子を同定する中性子検出器がDMの証拠を掴む鍵を握る。本研究ではスーパーカミオカンデで培われた中性子検出技術の初の転用例として、中性子検出器の建設や較正作業、安定な運転を行い、中性子による事象の80%以上を排除する。これで感度を一桁向上し、DM-核子散乱断面積2x10-48cm2の探索感度で発見を目指す。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Neutrons can mimic dark matter particle detection, which is why dark matter detectors like XENONnT need a neutron veto (NV). Under this grant we developed and implemented a new NV technology based on the EGADS gadolinium water Cherenkov technology originally developed at Kamioka for Super-Kamiokande.
We successfully installed and commissioned this new NV at the XENONnT dark matter experiment, where it informed the only blind dark matter analysis published so far by the current generation of liquid xenon dark matter experiments: It is producing science output already at this early stage.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

While our new technology greatly reduces the environmental risk from a neutron veto leak alone, the scientific reach of the whole detector is the same. And finding dark matter particles will surely change our understanding of the universe and the role matter plays in it.

Report

(6 results)
  • 2023 Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Annual Research Report
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • 2019 Comments on the Screening Results   Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (65 results)

All 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (24 results) Journal Article (20 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 20 results,  Peer Reviewed: 20 results,  Open Access: 18 results) Presentation (19 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 6 results) Remarks (2 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] LNGS/Bologna University/Napoli University(イタリア)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] MPIK Heidelberg/University of Muenster/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(ドイツ)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Columbia University/The University of Chicago/UC San Diego(米国)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Subatech/LPNHE Paris(フランス)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Zuerich(スイス)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research]

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso/Bologna University/University of Naples(イタリア)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Mainz/MPIK Heidelberg/University of Muenster(ドイツ)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Columbia University/Rice University/University of Chicago(米国)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Weizmann Institute of Science(イスラエル)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Stockholm(スウェーデン)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research]

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] INFN - LNGS/University of Bologna/University of Napoli(イタリア)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Columbia University/The University of Chicago/Purdue University(米国)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Muenster University/MPIK Heidelberg/KIT Karlsruhe(ドイツ)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Zuerich(スイス)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] LPNHE Paris/Subatech/IJCLab(フランス)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research]

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] INFN(イタリア)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] MPIK Heidelberg/Muenster University/Mainz University(ドイツ)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] LAL/LPNHE/Subatech(フランス)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Columbia University/University of Chicago/Rice(米国)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Zurich(スイス)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research]

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] First Dark Matter Search with Nuclear Recoils from the XENONnT Experiment2023

    • Author(s)
      XENON collaboration, M. Kobayashi
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review Letters

      Volume: 131 Issue: 4 Pages: 041003-19

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevlett.131.041003

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Double-weak decays of 124Xe and 136Xe in the XENON1T and XENONnT experiments2022

    • Author(s)
      E. Aprile, K. Abe, F. Agostini, S. Ahmed Maouloud, M. Alfonsi, L. Althueser, B. Andrieu, E. Angelino, J. R. Angevaare, V. C. Antochi, D. Anton Martin, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, A.L. Baxter, L. Bellagamba, R. Biondi, A. Bismark, S.Kazama et al.
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Rev. C

      Volume: 106 024328 Issue: 2 Pages: 2-19

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevc.106.024328

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report 2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Search for New Physics in Electronic Recoil Data from XENONnT2022

    • Author(s)
      E. Aprile, K. Abe, F. Agostini, S. Ahmed Maouloud, M. Alfonsi, L. Althueser, B. Andrieu, E. Angelino, J. R. Angevaare, V. C. Antochi, D. Anton Martin, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, A.L. Baxter, L. Bellagamba, R. Biondi, A. Bismark, S.Kazama et al.
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Rev. Lett.

      Volume: 129 161805 Issue: 16 Pages: 1-10

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevlett.129.161805

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report 2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Application and modeling of an online distillation method to reduce krypton and argon in XENON1T2022

    • Author(s)
      E. Aprile et al. XENON collaboration
    • Journal Title

      Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

      Volume: 2022 053H01 Pages: 1-21

    • DOI

      10.1093/ptep/ptac074

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Emission of single and few electrons in XENON1T and limits on light dark matter2022

    • Author(s)
      E. Aprile et al. XENON collaboration
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 106, 022001 Issue: 2 Pages: 1-21

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevd.106.022001

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Material radiopurity control in the XENONnT experiment2022

    • Author(s)
      E. Aprile et al. XENON collaboration
    • Journal Title

      Euro Physical Journal C

      Volume: 82:599 Issue: 7 Pages: 1-21

    • DOI

      10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10345-6

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Search for Coherent Elastic Scattering of Solar B8 Neutrinos in the XENON1T Dark Matter Experiment2021

    • Author(s)
      E. Aprile, ..., Y. Itow, ..., S. Kazama, ..., K. Martens, ..., S. Moriyama, ..., A. Takeda, ..., et. al. (XENON Collaboration)
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review Letters

      Volume: 126 Issue: 9 Pages: 091301-091301

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevlett.126.091301

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Search for inelastic scattering of WIMP dark matter in XENON1T2021

    • Author(s)
      E. Aprile, ..., Y. Itow, ..., S. Kazama, ..., K. Martens, ..., S. Moriyama, ..., A. Takeda, ..., et. al. (XENON Collaboration)
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 103 Issue: 6 Pages: 063028-063028

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevd.103.063028

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Energy resolution and linearity of XENON1T in the MeV energy range2020

    • Author(s)
      Aprile E et al.
    • Journal Title

      The European Physical Journal C

      Volume: 80 Issue: 8 Pages: 785-785

    • DOI

      10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8284-0

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Excess electronic recoil events in XENON1T2020

    • Author(s)
      E. Aprile, ..., Y. Itow, ..., S. Kazama, ..., K. Martens, ..., S. Moriyama, ..., A. Takeda, ..., et. al. (XENON Collaboration)
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 102 Issue: 7 Pages: 072004-072004

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevd.102.072004

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Projected WIMP sensitivity of the XENONnT dark matter experiment2020

    • Author(s)
      E. Aprile, ..., Y. Itow, ..., S. Kazama, ..., K. Martens, ..., S. Moriyama, ..., A. Takeda, ..., et. al. (XENON Collaboration)
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

      Volume: 2020 Issue: 11 Pages: 031-031

    • DOI

      10.1088/1475-7516/2020/11/031

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Search for proton decay into three charged leptons in 0.37 megaton-years exposure of the Super-Kamiokande2020

    • Author(s)
      Tanaka M et al. (The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration)
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 101 Issue: 5 Pages: 1-12

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevd.101.052011

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Search for point sources of ultra-high-energy photons with the Telescope Array surface detector2020

    • Author(s)
      Abbasi R U et al. (Telescope Array Collaboration)
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: 492 Issue: 3 Pages: 3984-3993

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/stz3618

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Probing GHz gravitational waves with graviton?magnon resonance2020

    • Author(s)
      Ito Asuka、Ikeda Tomonori、Miuchi Kentaro、Soda Jiro
    • Journal Title

      The European Physical Journal C

      Volume: 80 Issue: 3 Pages: 179-179

    • DOI

      10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-7735-y

    • NAID

      120006823974

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Development of an alpha-particle imaging detector based on a low radioactivity micro-time-projection chamber2020

    • Author(s)
      Ito H.、Hashimoto T.、Miuchi K.、Kobayashi K.、Takeuchi Y.、Nakamura K.D.、Ikeda T.、Ishiura H.
    • Journal Title

      Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

      Volume: 953 Pages: 163050-163050

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.nima.2019.163050

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Search for Astronomical Neutrinos from Blazar TXS 0506+056 in Super-Kamiokande2019

    • Author(s)
      Hagiwara K. et al. (The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration)
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 887 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-1

    • DOI

      10.3847/2041-8213/ab5863

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Sensitivity of Super-Kamiokande with Gadolinium to Low Energy Antineutrinos from Pre-supernova Emission2019

    • Author(s)
      Simpson C. et al., the Super-Kamiokande Collaboration
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 885 Issue: 2 Pages: 133-133

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ab4883

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Atmospheric neutrino oscillation analysis with improved event reconstruction in Super-Kamiokande IV2019

    • Author(s)
      Jiang M. et al.
    • Journal Title

      Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

      Volume: 2019 Issue: 5 Pages: 1-39

    • DOI

      10.1093/ptep/ptz015

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Measurement of the neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic cross section using atmospheric neutrinos at Super-Kamiokande2019

    • Author(s)
      Wan L et al. (Super-Kamiokande Collaboration)
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 99 Issue: 3 Pages: 032005-032005

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevd.99.032005

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Development of a time projection chamber with a sheet-resistor field cage2019

    • Author(s)
      Miuchi Kentaro、Ikeda Tomonori、Ishiura Hirohisa、Nakamura Kiseki D、Takada Atsushi、Homma Yasuhiro、Abe Ko、Ichimura Koichi、Ito Hiroshi、Kobayashi Kazuyoshi、Nakamura Takuma、Ueno Ryuichi、Shimada Takuya、Hashimoto Takashi、Yakabe Ryota、Ochi Atsuhiko
    • Journal Title

      Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

      Volume: 2019 Issue: 6 Pages: 1-12

    • DOI

      10.1093/ptep/ptz048

    • NAID

      120006716625

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Liquid Xenon Dark Matter searches2023

    • Author(s)
      Kai Martens
    • Organizer
      31st International Symposium on Lepton Photon Interactions at High Energies
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Status of the XENONnT experiment2023

    • Author(s)
      Ko Abe
    • Organizer
      International Conference on the Physics of the Two Infinities
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] First Results from XENONnT2023

    • Author(s)
      Khai Bui
    • Organizer
      TMEX 2023
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] First Results from XENONnT2022

    • Author(s)
      Khai Bui
    • Organizer
      Kashiwa Symposium 2022
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] First Science Results from the XENONnT Experiment2022

    • Author(s)
      Shingo Kazama
    • Organizer
      LIDINE 2022
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] The XENONnT experiment: Recent status and updates2022

    • Author(s)
      Masatoshi Kobayashi
    • Organizer
      XeSAT 2022
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] XENON/XMASS報告2021

    • Author(s)
      Kai Martens
    • Organizer
      新学術領域「地下から解き明かす宇宙の歴史と物質の進化 第七回極低放射能技術」研究会, オンライン開催
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] XENONnT実験のための中性子反同時計測システムの評価2021

    • Author(s)
      水越彗太
    • Organizer
      「第七回極低放射能技術」研究会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] XENONnT実験における中性子反同時計測のためのレーザーを用いた光学特性直接評価2021

    • Author(s)
      前田剛志
    • Organizer
      「第七回極低放射能技術」研究会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] XENONnT実験の中性子反同時計測を含めた検出器応答評価2021

    • Author(s)
      水越彗太
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会第76回年次大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] XENONnT実験における中性子反同時計測のためのレーザーを用いた光学特性直接評価2021

    • Author(s)
      前田剛志
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会第76回年次大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] XENON実験:二相型キセノンTPCを用いた暗黒物直接質探索実験とその状況報告2020

    • Author(s)
      山下雅樹
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会2020年秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] XENONnT実験中性子反同時計測システムの較正とシミュレーション2020

    • Author(s)
      水越彗太
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会2020年秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] XENON実験:中性子veto内の放射性不純物モニター2020

    • Author(s)
      竹田敦
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会2020年秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] XENONnT実験における中性子vetoカウンターの読み出しシステム2020

    • Author(s)
      Hiraide, K.
    • Organizer
      JPS 2020 Spring meeting
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] XENONnT実験の中性子VETOシステムにおける時間情報を用いた背景事象の除去2019

    • Author(s)
      Hiraide, K.
    • Organizer
      JPS 2019 Fall meeting
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] XENONnT実験におけるシミュレーションによるnVetoシステムの評価2019

    • Author(s)
      Miuchi, K.
    • Organizer
      JPS 2019 Fall meeting
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] XENONnT 中性子veto カウンターにおけるガドリニウム水中のRn濃度モニター2019

    • Author(s)
      Takeda, A.
    • Organizer
      JPS 2019 Fall meeting
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Japan in the XENONnT Experiment: Overview2019

    • Author(s)
      Martens, K.
    • Organizer
      JPS 2019 Fall meeting
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] XENON Dark Matter Project

    • URL

      https://xenonexperiment.org/

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report 2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] XENONnT

    • URL

      https://www.ipmu.jp/en/research-activities/research-program/XENONnT

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report 2020 Annual Research Report

URL: 

Published: 2019-04-18   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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