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火山直下のマグマの状態と将来を知る方法の提案:粘弾性測定と浸透流・破砕の実験

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19H00721
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Medium-sized Section 17:Earth and planetary science and related fields
Research InstitutionNagoya University (2020-2023)
Hiroshima University (2019)

Principal Investigator

並木 敦子  名古屋大学, 環境学研究科, 准教授 (20450653)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 奥村 聡  東北大学, 理学研究科, 准教授 (40532213)
Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Granted (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥45,240,000 (Direct Cost: ¥34,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥10,440,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥7,020,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,620,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥10,270,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,370,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥7,540,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,740,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥6,760,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,560,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥13,650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,150,000)
Keywordsマグマ / 粘弾性 / 浸透率 / 気泡 / 実験
Outline of Research at the Start

地下のマグマが現在どのような状態にあるかを知り、そのマグマが今後どのような活動をするのか予測することは学術的にも防災上も重要な課題である。本研究では溶融マグマの粘弾性測定を行い、地下にあるマグマが地震波観測でどのように観測されるか推測する為に必要な物性値を明らかにする。また、マグマとマグマ中の火山ガスの分離効率を明らかにする浸透率測定、および、噴火の様式を左右する破砕実験を行い、マグマが今後どのような活動をするのか予測する為に必要な素過程を明らかにする。

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

本研究では大きく分けて1) 気泡と結晶を含む低粘性マグマの粘弾性測定、2) 高粘性シリシックマグマの粘弾性測定、3) 高温高圧下でのマグマの浸透率測定、4) 熔融マグマの破砕その場観察実験の4つの研究を行っている。2022年度は1)と4)において特に以下の進展があった。

1)低粘性マグマの粘弾性測定では気泡と結晶を含むマグマを1200℃に加熱し、レオメータを用いて動的粘弾性を測定する。この計画については2020年度までにマグマを溶かす為の炉を購入し、2021年度には測定用のアルミナ棒の偏心の問題を解決した。また、炉の中に固定でき、かつ高温で使用できるルツボを作成した。シリコンオイルとポリマーの標準物質を用いて粘弾性に関するキャリブレーションを行い、この形状で正しい測定ができるパラメータ範囲を決めた。また、標準ガラスを用いて温度のキャリブレーションも行った。2022年度は玄武岩質安山岩である阿蘇の火山灰を用いて粘弾性測定を行った。この結果、結晶が多い領域で部分熔融したマグマが固体的に振る舞う事を測定により示す事ができた。
4)熔融マグマの破砕その場観察実験は2020年度までにマグマを破砕する為の引張試験の方法を策定し、900℃まで昇温可能な炉に穴をあけ、破砕の最中を高速度カメラで観察する為の光学系と照明について方法を策定した。2021年度に実験を行い、マグマが破壊する様子を撮影する事ができた。2022年度は前年度に得られた結果を論文にまとめて投稿した。

Current Status of Research Progress
Current Status of Research Progress

1: Research has progressed more than it was originally planned.

Reason

固体の結晶を多く含む低粘性マグマの動的粘弾性測定を定量的に行えた事は当初の想定以上の成果である。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

固体の結晶を多く含む低粘性マグマの動的粘弾性測定の結果を論文にまとめて出版する。

Report

(5 results)
  • 2022 Annual Research Report
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • 2019 Comments on the Screening Results   Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (24 results)

All 2023 2022 2021 2020 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (6 results) Journal Article (6 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 3 results,  Peer Reviewed: 6 results,  Open Access: 3 results) Presentation (9 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 6 results,  Invited: 2 results) Remarks (3 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory(米国)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] GFZ(ドイツ)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Bologna(イタリア)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Geneva(スイス)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Oregon/USGS/UC Berkeley(米国)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] USGS/UC Berkeley/University of Hawaii(米国)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] In situ observation of glass-like fragmentation of high-temperature silicate melts generating fine ashes2023

    • Author(s)
      Namiki Atsuko、Okumura Satoshi、Goto Akio、Yamada Tsutomu
    • Journal Title

      Communications Earth & Environment

      Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-12

    • DOI

      10.1038/s43247-023-00816-3

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Molecular-scale structural changes of silicate melts under tension revealed by time-resolved X-ray diffraction2023

    • Author(s)
      Okumura Satoshi、Uesugi Kentaro、Goto Akio、Namiki Atsuko、Matsumoto Kazuhisa、Sakamaki Tatsuya
    • Journal Title

      Chemical Geology

      Volume: 621 Pages: 121372-121372

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121372

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] An Experimental Model of Unconfined Bubbly Lava Flows: Importance of Localized Bubble Distribution2022

    • Author(s)
      Namiki Atsuko、Lev Einat、Birnbaum Janine、Baur Jasper
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

      Volume: 127 Issue: 6

    • DOI

      10.1029/2022jb024139

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The build-up and triggers of volcanic eruptions2021

    • Author(s)
      Caricchi Luca、Townsend Meredith、Rivalta Eleonora、Namiki Atsuko
    • Journal Title

      Nature Reviews Earth & Environment

      Volume: 2 Issue: 7 Pages: 458-476

    • DOI

      10.1038/s43017-021-00174-8

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Brittle fragmentation by rapid gas separation in a Hawaiian fountain2021

    • Author(s)
      Namiki Atsuko、Patrick Matthew R.、Manga Michael、Houghton Bruce F.
    • Journal Title

      Nature Geoscience

      Volume: 14 Issue: 4 Pages: 242-247

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41561-021-00709-0

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Fragility and an extremely low shear modulus of high porosity silicic magma2020

    • Author(s)
      Namiki Atsuko、Tanaka Yukie、Okumura Satoshi、Sasaki Osamu、Sano Kyohei、Takeuchi Shingo
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

      Volume: 392 Pages: 106760-106760

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.106760

    • NAID

      120007192318

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] Glass-like fragmentation of high-temperature silicate melts2023

    • Author(s)
      Atsuko Namiki, Satoshi Okumura, Akio Goto, Tsutomu Yamada
    • Organizer
      AGU Fall Meeting 2023
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 気泡と結晶を含む玄武岩質安山岩マグマの動的粘弾性測定2023

    • Author(s)
      齋藤虹南、並木敦子
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 気泡を含む低粘性マグマの破砕と流れ2023

    • Author(s)
      並木敦子
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] An Oscillatory Rheometer for Measuring Mafic Magma Rheology2023

    • Author(s)
      A. Namiki
    • Organizer
      The IAVCEI Scientific Assembly
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] An Oscillatory Rheometer for Measuring Silicic Magma Rheology2022

    • Author(s)
      A. Namiki, K. Saito
    • Organizer
      AGU fall meeting
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Brittle Fragmentation by Rapid Gas Separation in a Hawaiian Fountain2021

    • Author(s)
      A. Namiki, M. R. Patrick, M. Manga, B. F. Houghton
    • Organizer
      AGU fall meeting
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 高温封圧下におけるマグマの透気試験2021

    • Author(s)
      奥村 聡、並木敦子
    • Organizer
      日本火山学会秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Magma crystallization, fragmentation, and their roles on volcanic eruption2020

    • Author(s)
      A. Namiki, et al.
    • Organizer
      JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Gas bubble formation in crystal-rich magma and its roles on eruption dynamics2020

    • Author(s)
      S. Okumura, et al.
    • Organizer
      AGU Fall meeting 2020
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Remarks]

    • URL

      https://www.eps.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~namiki/

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks]

    • URL

      https://www.eps.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~namiki/

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks]

    • URL

      https://www.eps.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~namiki/

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2019-04-18   Modified: 2024-12-25  

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