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Study on the Formation and Local Rule of Wari, the First South American Empire

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19H01396
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 04030:Cultural anthropology and folklore-related
Research InstitutionNanzan University

Principal Investigator

Watanabe Shinya  南山大学, 人文学部, 教授 (00434605)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 長岡 朋人  青森公立大学, 経営経済学部, 准教授 (20360216)
澤藤 りかい  総合研究大学院大学, 統合進化科学研究センター, 日本学術振興会特別研究員(CPD) (50814612)
Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help
¥17,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,990,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥3,250,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥750,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥6,240,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,440,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥6,110,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,410,000)
Keywordsアンデス / ペルー / 考古学 / 文化人類学 / 国家 / 墓 / 人骨 / ワリ / 帝国 / 土器 / DNA / 多様性 / 地方支配
Outline of Research at the Start

南米アンデス地域に後9-10世紀に台頭した初期帝国ワリの地方支配の実態を解明し、帝国の成立と発展のメカニズムを理解する。帝国の特徴である人間集団の多様性を、土器、図像、埋葬形態などの物質文化から再構成し、それを出土人骨そのものの分析結果と比較検討する。ペルー北部高地のテルレン=ラ・ボンバ遺跡の発掘調査を実施する。他に計5遺跡の出土人骨、動物骨を対象とし、形態学的分析、同位体分析、DNA分析を行う。ワリ帝国期における統一性の強化と多様性の増加という一見矛盾するように思われる特徴を、同一メカニズムの異なった側面の現れとしてモデル化し、人類史における帝国の成立と展開に関する理論的考察を行う。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The Wari Empire developed in the Andean region of South America during 8 to 10 centuries. The capital was Wari, located in the southern central highlands of Peru, and its rule extended to the Cajamarca region in the northern highlands of Peru. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the reality of the local rule of the Wari Empire based on excavated data from archaeological sites in the Cajamarca region.
The Terlen-La Bomba site is a Wari Empire site located in the middle basin of the Jequetepeque River. The first excavation at this site was conducted in 2019 and the second in 2022. Several tombs and accompanying artifacts were identified. At the same time, morphological and DNA analyses of human remains excavated from the El Palacio site, a site from the Wari Empire period, were conducted to understand indicators of the diversity of the Wari Empire's membership.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

先スペイン期最後の15-16にインカ帝国が台頭し、スペイン人により征服されたことは世界的事実である。しかしなぜインカ帝国が急速に拡張することが可能であったのか、など不明な点は多い。本研究ではインカ帝国の祖型とされる8-10世紀に台頭したワリ帝国の地方支配の実態を明らかにした。インカ帝国と同様に多民族国家であり、土器や埋葬形態などに多様性が認められることが明らかとなった。インカ帝国は一夜にして出現したのではなく、アンデス文明の長い発展プロセスの結果として理解できる。

Report

(5 results)
  • 2022 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • 2019 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (46 results)

All 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019

All Journal Article (18 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 9 results,  Peer Reviewed: 18 results,  Open Access: 17 results) Presentation (24 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 7 results) Book (4 results)

  • [Journal Article] アンデス研究における理論の系譜2023

    • Author(s)
      渡部森哉
    • Journal Title

      『人類学研究所研究論集』

      Volume: 12 Pages: 96-110

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Genomic ancestry, diet and microbiomes of Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers from San Teodoro cave2022

    • Author(s)
      Scorrano G.、Nielsen S. H.、Vetro D. L.、Sawafuji R.、Mackie M.、Margaryan A.、Fotakis A. K.、Martinez-Labarga C.、Fabbri P. F.、Allentoft M. E.、Carra M.、Martini F.、Rickards O.、Olsen J. V.、Pedersen M. W.、Cappellini E.、Sikora M.
    • Journal Title

      Communications Biology

      Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-13

    • DOI

      10.1038/s42003-022-04190-2

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] A review of the spread and habitat of the genus <i>Homo</i>:2022

    • Author(s)
      澤藤りかい、蔦谷匠、石田肇
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science (Japanese Series)

      Volume: 130 Issue: 1 Pages: 55-74

    • DOI

      10.1537/asj.220214

    • ISSN
      1344-3992, 1348-8813
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] War and Ritual : A Case Study of the Ancient Andes2021

    • Author(s)
      渡部 森哉
    • Journal Title

      年報人類学研究

      Volume: 12 Pages: 197-217

    • DOI

      10.15119/00003727

    • NAID

      120007141415

    • URL

      https://nanzan-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/3817

    • Year and Date
      2021-06-30
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 戦争と儀礼─古代アンデスの事例─2021

    • Author(s)
      渡部森哉
    • Journal Title

      『年報人類学研究』

      Volume: 12 Pages: 197-217

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] A case study of cut marks on camelid bones from the El Palacio site in the northern highlands of Peru: implication of butchering activities2021

    • Author(s)
      Hiroki Seike, Shinya Watanabe
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science

      Volume: 129 Issue: 2 Pages: 151-164

    • DOI

      10.1537/ase.210429

    • NAID

      130008082011

    • ISSN
      0918-7960, 1348-8570
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report 2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Ethics of DNA research on human remains: five globally applicable guidelines2021

    • Author(s)
      Alpaslan-Roodenberg Song、Anthony David、Babiker Hiba、et al. including Matsumura Hirofumi
    • Journal Title

      Nature

      Volume: 599 Issue: 7883 Pages: 41-46

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41586-021-04008-x

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report 2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Comparison of Periodontal Bacteria of Edo and Modern Periods Using Novel Diagnostic Approach for Periodontitis With Micro-CT2021

    • Author(s)
      Shiba Takahiko、Komatsu Keiji、Sudo Takeaki、Sawafuji Rikai、Saso Aiko、Ueda Shintaroh、Watanabe Takayasu、Nemoto Takashi、Kano Chihiro、Nagai Takahiko、Ohsugi Yujin、Katagiri Sayaka、Takeuchi Yasuo、Kobayashi Hiroaki、Iwata Takanori
    • Journal Title

      Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

      Volume: 11 Pages: 723821-723821

    • DOI

      10.3389/fcimb.2021.723821

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report 2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Prevalence of dental caries and antemortem tooth loss at Pacopampa in an initial stage of social stratification in Peru’s northern highlands2021

    • Author(s)
      Tomohito Nagaoka, Yuji Seki, Kazuhiro Uzawa, Wataru Morita, Daniel Morales Chocano
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science

      Volume: 129 Issue: 2 Pages: 165-185

    • DOI

      10.1537/ase.210505

    • NAID

      130008082013

    • ISSN
      0918-7960, 1348-8570
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Rise of the Andean civilization: bioarchaeological approaches to health and death during the Formative Period in Peru2021

    • Author(s)
      Tomohito Nagaoka
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science

      Volume: 129 Issue: 2 Pages: 145-150

    • DOI

      10.1537/ase.2104112

    • NAID

      130008081993

    • ISSN
      0918-7960, 1348-8570
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Influences of industrial development and urbanization on human lives in premodern Japan: Views from paleodemography2021

    • Author(s)
      Nagaoka Tomohito、Nakayama Nana
    • Journal Title

      International Journal of Paleopathology

      Volume: 33 Pages: 103-112

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.04.002

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Faecal proteomics as a novel method to study mammalian behaviour and physiology2021

    • Author(s)
      Takumi Tsutaya Meaghan Mackie Rikai Sawafuji Takako Miyabe窶侵ishiwaki Jesper V. Olsen Enrico Cappellini
    • Journal Title

      Molecular Ecology Resources

      Volume: 0 Issue: 6 Pages: 1-12

    • DOI

      10.1111/1755-0998.13380

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Depressed skull fracture at Pacopampa in the Peru’s northern highlands in the Late Cajamarca Period2020

    • Author(s)
      NAGAOKA TOMOHITO、SEKI YUJI、LIVIA MAURO ORDO?EZ、CHOCANO DANIEL MORALES
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science

      Volume: 128 Issue: 2 Pages: 83-87

    • DOI

      10.1537/ase.2004061

    • NAID

      130007890356

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Bioarchaeology of human skeletons from an elite tomb at Pacopampa in Peru’s northern highlands2020

    • Author(s)
      NAGAOKA TOMOHITO、SEKI YUJI、HIDALGO JUAN PABLO VILLANUEVA、CHOCANO DANIEL MORALES
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science

      Volume: 128 Issue: 1 Pages: 11-17

    • DOI

      10.1537/ase.200218

    • NAID

      130007836961

    • ISSN
      0918-7960, 1348-8570
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report 2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Applications of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in archaeology and palaeoanthropology2020

    • Author(s)
      澤藤りかい、蔦谷匠
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science (Japanese Series)

      Volume: 128 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-19

    • DOI

      10.1537/asj.200213

    • NAID

      130007863815

    • ISSN
      1344-3992, 1348-8813
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report 2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 首都と地方社会─古代アンデス諸国家における在地性について─2020

    • Author(s)
      渡部森哉
    • Journal Title

      人類学研究所研究論集

      Volume: 9 Pages: 114-134

    • NAID

      120007097677

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Depressed skull fracture at Pacopampa in the Peru’s northern highlands in the Late Cajamarca Period2020

    • Author(s)
      Tomohito Nagaoka, Yuji Seki, Mauro Ordonez Livia, Daniel Morales Chocano
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science

      Volume: 未定

    • NAID

      130007890356

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Ancient DNA analysis of food remains in human dental calculus from the Edo period, Japan2020

    • Author(s)
      Rikai Sawafuji, Aiko Saso, Wataru Suda, Masahira Hattori, Shintaroh Ueda
    • Journal Title

      PLoS ONE

      Volume: 15(3)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] ペルー、サンタ・デリア遺跡から出土した人骨の利器損傷の研究2023

    • Author(s)
      長岡朋人、渡部森哉
    • Organizer
      第128回日本解剖学会総会・全国学術集会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 古代アンデスにおける戦争と社会2022

    • Author(s)
      渡部森哉
    • Organizer
      古代アメリカ学会第27回研究大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ペルー、パコパンパ遺跡の貴人墓から見た形成期における社会の複雑化2022

    • Author(s)
      長岡朋人、關雄二、ダニエル・モラーレス・チョカノ
    • Organizer
      第75回日本人類学会大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 古代DNAと人類の肉食2022

    • Author(s)
      澤藤りかい
    • Organizer
      第76回日本人類学会大会シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 古代の病原体DNA解析 その動向と評価について2022

    • Author(s)
      澤藤りかい
    • Organizer
      人文学のための古代DNAセミナー
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Cultural Diversity and Its Implications: A Case Study from Middle Horizon Cajamarca, Northern Highlands of Peru2021

    • Author(s)
      WATANABE SHINYA
    • Organizer
      86th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] ワリ期の建築について2021

    • Author(s)
      渡部森哉
    • Organizer
      古代アメリカ学会第26回研究大会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report 2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 航空古写真による地形と遺構の復元:ペルー北部ヘケテペケ川流域を中心に2021

    • Author(s)
      鶴見英成、大谷博則、松本剛、渡部森哉、山本睦
    • Organizer
      古代アメリカ学会第26回研究大会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 現代人歯石からの食物DNA解析2021

    • Author(s)
      澤藤りかい、上原麗、加藤均、植田信太郎、木村亮介、石田肇
    • Organizer
      第75回日本人類学会大会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 古代の病原体DNA解析:その動向と評価について2021

    • Author(s)
      澤藤りかい
    • Organizer
      人類学のための古代DNAセミナー
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Cultural Diversity and Its Implications: A Case Study from Middle Horizon Cajamarca, Northern Highlands of Peru2021

    • Author(s)
      Watanabe, Shinya
    • Organizer
      86th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Comments on Milosz Giersz “Wari in the Northern Sierra and on the Coast: Its Ideological Intent”2021

    • Author(s)
      Watanabe, Shinya
    • Organizer
      Empire of the Ancestors: The Wari of the Middle Horizon, Dumbarton Oaks Virtual Webinar
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 航空古写真による地形と遺構の復元:ペルー北部ヘケテペケ川流域を中心に2021

    • Author(s)
      鶴見英成 大谷博則 松本剛 渡部森哉 山本睦
    • Organizer
      古代アメリカ学会第26回研究大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 現代人歯石からの食物DNA解析2021

    • Author(s)
      澤藤りかい・上原麗・加藤均・植田信太郎・木村亮介・石田肇
    • Organizer
      日本人類学会大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Terlen La Bomba Valle Medio del Jequetepeque: Nuevos Datos del Horizonte Medio2020

    • Author(s)
      Watanabe, Shinya & Ugaz, Juan
    • Organizer
      VII Congreso Nacional de Arqueologia
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 北部ペルーにおけるワリ期の遺跡テルレン=ラ・ボンバの発掘調査概報2020

    • Author(s)
      渡部森哉 & ウガス、フアン
    • Organizer
      古代アメリカ学会第25回研究大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Actividades rituales en el Imperio wari: una perspectiva desde la parte norte del Peru2019

    • Author(s)
      Watanabe, Shinya
    • Organizer
      Coloquio Internacional: “Wari, nuevos aportes y perspectivas”
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Sitios expuestos y sitios enterrados: una consideracion sobre turismo arqueologico2019

    • Author(s)
      Watanabe, Shinya
    • Organizer
      VI Congreso Nacional de Arqueologia
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Cajamarca durante los periodos wari e inca2019

    • Author(s)
      Watanabe, Shinya
    • Organizer
      Entre el pasado y el presente: Estudios y proteccion del patrimonio cultural en la costa y sierra norte del Peru
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 中期ホライズン期の社会動態─ペルー北部の事例─2019

    • Author(s)
      渡部森哉
    • Organizer
      古代アメリカ学会第24回研究大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ペルー北部高地エル・パラシオ遺跡から出土した動物骨資料について2019

    • Author(s)
      清家大樹, 渡部森哉
    • Organizer
      古代アメリカ学会第24回研究大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Early bioarchaeologicalevidence of an elite tomb at Pacopampain Peru’s northern highlands2019

    • Author(s)
      Tomohito Nagaoka, Yuji Seki, Juan Pablo Villanueva Hidalgo, Daniel Morales Chocano
    • Organizer
      第72回日本人類学会大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 礼文島浜中2遺跡の古代土壌DNA解析2019

    • Author(s)
      澤藤 りかい, Christian Leipe, Andrzej Weber, 加藤 博文, 石田 肇, Mikkel W Pederse
    • Organizer
      第73回日本人類学会大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 礼文島浜中2遺跡の古代土壌DNA解析2019

    • Author(s)
      澤藤りかい, Christian Leipe, Andrzej Weber, 加藤博文, 石田肇, Mikkel Winther Pedersen
    • Organizer
      日本文化財科学会第36回大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] Actividades rituales en el Imperio wari: una perspectiva desde la parte norte del Peru (pp.131-148). Wari: nuevos aportes y perspectivas. Jose Ochatoma Paravicino & Martha Cabera Romero (eds.)2022

    • Author(s)
      Watanabe Shinya
    • Total Pages
      488
    • Publisher
      Universidad Nacional de San Cristobal de Huamanga, Ayacucho
    • ISBN
      9786124870811
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] Canales subterraneos en el mundo andino: el caso de la sierra norte del Peru (pp.105-132). Agua, tecnologia y ritual: funcion y cosmologia hidraulica en el mundo prehispanico. Milton Lujan Davila, Kevin John Lane, and Peter Eeckhout (eds.)2022

    • Author(s)
      Watanabe Shinya
    • Total Pages
      222
    • Publisher
      Ediciones Rafael Valdez, Lima
    • ISBN
      9786124751165
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 「建国しなかった人々 ペルー北高地のカハマルカ文化」(pp.229-248)、「インカとは誰か?」(pp.284-301)『アンデス文明ハンドブック』(関 雄二、山本 睦、松本 雄一 編)2022

    • Author(s)
      渡部森哉
    • Total Pages
      392
    • Publisher
      臨川書店
    • ISBN
      9784653045199
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] アンデス文明ハンドブック(関 雄二、山本 睦、松本 雄一)、第13章「建国しなかった人々 ペルー北高地のカハマルカ文化」第16章「インカとは誰か?」2022

    • Author(s)
      渡部森哉
    • Total Pages
      392
    • Publisher
      臨川書店
    • ISBN
      9784653045199
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2019-04-18   Modified: 2024-01-30  

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