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Collision avoidance algorithm for multiple target ships by explainable AI

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19H02371
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 24020:Marine engineering-related
Research InstitutionNational Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology

Principal Investigator

Majima Takahiro  国立研究開発法人海上・港湾・航空技術研究所, その他部局等, 研究員 (30392690)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 澤田 涼平  国立研究開発法人海上・港湾・航空技術研究所, その他部局等, 研究員 (00825911)
高玉 圭樹  電気通信大学, 大学院情報理工学研究科, 教授 (20345367)
福戸 淳司  国立研究開発法人海上・港湾・航空技術研究所, その他部局等, 研究員 (40360713)
佐藤 圭二  国立研究開発法人海上・港湾・航空技術研究所, その他部局等, 研究員 (90734244)
Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2021)
Budget Amount *help
¥17,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥6,240,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,440,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥6,760,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,560,000)
Keywords避航操船 / 学習分類子システム / OZT / COLREGs / 学習分類子法 / COLREG / 大時定数 / CORLEGs
Outline of Research at the Start

自律的な避航操船において確立できていない課題として、複数の相手船の動向に対する危険度を評価し、避航計画を立てる判断機能がある。この課題に対し、航行妨害ゾーン(以下OZT(Obstacle Zone by Target)と略す。)と呼ばれる指標を活用し、避航操船アルゴリズムの研究を進める。アルゴリズムは、時定数が大きな大型船の旋回・停止性能を考慮し、旋回する相手船のOZTの動きを予測し、さらには、通航の指針となる海上衝突予防法に沿った避航操船を実現する必要がある。本研究では、機械学習の一つであり、“学習結果が説明可能”な学習分類子法(Learning Classifier System)を援用することで上記した複雑な条件を克服する。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Japan has one of the most congested sea areas in the world, and therefore, an advanced automatic collision avoidance maneuvering algorithm is required to realize a maritime autonomous surface ship. In this study, we developed ship collision avoidance algorithms using OZT (Obstacle Zone by Target), an indicator of collision risk, and a navigation simulation environment to test the algorithms. Two algorithms were developed for the collision avoidance: a knowledge-based method and a learning classifier system, which is an explainable AI. The knowledge-based method was tested in a simulation environment that reproduced vessel traffic flow in Tokyo Bay, a congested sea area. The learning classifier system was used to learn how to maneuver a vessel to reach its destination without collision in a basic situation with other vessels.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

船舶による国内貨物輸送量はトンマイルベースで40%を超えており、輸送効率が高く、国内物流の要となっている。また、日本周辺は世界でも有数の輻輳海域であり、船舶の海難事故の8割が人為的要因で発生している。自動運航船の実現は、安全、経済、環境や、労働力不足といった問題の解決にもつながり、社会的意義は大きい。しかし、船舶の衝突事故では、人命損失や甚大な環境破壊の可能性が懸念されるため、避航操船アルゴリズムには説明が付く手法が望まれる。本研究で応用した学習分類子法は、説明可能なAIであり、避航操船に初めて応用された例となるため、学習分類子法の可能性を拡張する意味で学術的にも意義深い。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2021 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • 2019 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (51 results)

All 2022 2021 2020 2019

All Journal Article (5 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 5 results,  Open Access: 2 results) Presentation (42 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 19 results,  Invited: 4 results) Book (2 results) Patent(Industrial Property Rights) (2 results)

  • [Journal Article] 航空機着陸問題における混雑時に対応するクラスタリングを用いた分割反復最適化手法2022

    • Author(s)
      村田 暁紀, 佐藤 寛之, 高玉 圭樹, デライエ ダニエル
    • Journal Title

      電気学会論文誌C(電子・情報・システム部門誌)

      Volume: 142 Pages: 198-205

    • NAID

      130008150277

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 時間的・空間的観点に基づく粒子群最適化と差分進化の個体別選択2021

    • Author(s)
      河野 航大,梶原 奨,高野 諒,佐藤 寛之,高玉 圭樹
    • Journal Title

      進化計算学会論文誌

      Volume: 12 Pages: 1-11

    • NAID

      130008132669

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Mechanism design and followability evaluation for Swarm Intelligence Algorithms toward continuous changes on 2 types of axis2020

    • Author(s)
      高野 諒、佐藤 寛之、高玉 圭樹
    • Journal Title

      Transaction of the Japanese Society for Evolutionary Computation

      Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 29-44

    • DOI

      10.11394/tjpnsec.11.29

    • NAID

      130007996016

    • ISSN
      2185-7385
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Reward Value-based Goal Selection for Agents' Cooperative Route Learning without Communication in Reward and Goal Dynamism2020

    • Author(s)
      Uwano Fumito、Takadama Keiki
    • Journal Title

      SN Computer Science

      Volume: 未定 Issue: 3

    • DOI

      10.1007/s42979-020-00191-2

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Automatic ship collision avoidance using deep reinforcement learning with LSTM in continuous action spaces2020

    • Author(s)
      Sawada Ryohei、Sato Keiji、Majima Takahiro
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Marine Science and Technology

      Volume: 0 Issue: 2 Pages: 0-0

    • DOI

      10.1007/s00773-020-00755-0

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] Beta Distribution-based XCS Classifier System2022

    • Author(s)
      Shiraishi, H., Hayamizu, Y., Sato, H., and Takadama, K.
    • Organizer
      2022 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC2022)
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] XCSR with VAE using Gaussian Distribution Matching: From Point to Area Matching in Latent Space for Less-overlapped Rule Generation in Observation Space2022

    • Author(s)
      Yatsu, N., Shiraishi, H., Sato, H., and Takadama, K.
    • Organizer
      2022 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC2022)
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Absumption based on Overgenerality and Condition-Clustering based Specialization for XCS with Continuous-Valued Inputs2022

    • Author(s)
      Shiraishi, H., Hayamizu, Y., Sato, H., and Takadama, K.
    • Organizer
      Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2022)
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Can the Same Rule Representation Change its Matching Area? Enhancing Representation in XCS for Continuous Space by Probability Distribution in Multiple Dimension2022

    • Author(s)
      Shiraishi, H., Hayamizu, Y., Sato, H., and Takadama, K.
    • Organizer
      Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2022)
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 渋滞緩和に向けた交通流率と車列の不安定性を考慮した進化計算よる車両順最適化2022

    • Author(s)
      古屋 敬祐, 中理 怡恒, 河野 航大, 長濱 章仁, 佐藤 寛之, 高玉 圭樹
    • Organizer
      計測自動制御学会,第49回知能システムシンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 交互的路線の奪い合いによる複数バス会社のバス路線網の分析2022

    • Author(s)
      周 仁亮, 谷津 直弥, 中理 怡恒,高玉 圭樹
    • Organizer
      計測自動制御学会,第49回知能システムシンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Misclassification Detection based on Conditional VAE for Rule Evolution in Learning Classifier System2021

    • Author(s)
      Shiraishi, H., Tadokoro, M., Hayamizu, Y., Fukumoto, Y.,Sato, H., and Takadama, K.
    • Organizer
      Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2021)
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Increasing Accuracy and Interpretability of High-Dimensional Rules for Learning Classifier System2021

    • Author(s)
      Shiraishi, H., Tadokoro, M., Hayamizu, Y., Fukumoto, Y.,Sato, H., and Takadama, K.
    • Organizer
      2021 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC2021)
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] XCS with Weight-based Matching in VAE Latent Space and Additional Learning of High-Dimensional Data2021

    • Author(s)
      Tadokoro, M., Sato, H., and Takadama, K.
    • Organizer
      2021 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC2021)
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report 2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] VAE を用いた学習分類子システムによる高次元マルチステップ問題の汎用的ルール学習2021

    • Author(s)
      谷津直弥,白石洋輝,佐藤寛之,高玉圭樹
    • Organizer
      進化計算学会,第15回進化計算シンポジウム 2021
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] β分布に基づく学習分類子システム2021

    • Author(s)
      白石 洋輝,速水 陽平,佐藤 寛之,高玉 圭樹
    • Organizer
      進化計算学会,第15回進化計算シンポジウム 2021
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 実数値学習分類子システムにおける最近傍ルールの汎化レベルを継承する被覆法2021

    • Author(s)
      白石 洋輝,速水 陽平,佐藤 寛之,高玉 圭樹
    • Organizer
      計測自動制御学会,システム・情報部門 学術講演会 2021 (SSI2021)
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ルールの過剰汎化率を考慮したAbsumption に基づく実数値学習分類子システム2021

    • Author(s)
      白石 洋輝,速水 陽平,佐藤 寛之,高玉 圭樹
    • Organizer
      第30回インテリジェント・システム・シンポジウム (FAN 2021)
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] OZTを用いた避航操船支援システムと実船実験報告2021

    • Author(s)
      佐藤 圭二
    • Organizer
      日本航海学会令和3年度秋季講演会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Finding Many Good Solutions by Multi-Swarm Optimization for Multiple Robots: The Niching Migratory Multi-Swarm Optimiser with Limited Movement2021

    • Author(s)
      Maekawa, Y., Kawano, K., Kajihara, S., Fukumoto, Y., Sato, H., Takadama, K.
    • Organizer
      The 26th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics (AROB 2021)
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 説明可能なAI: 学習分類子システム2021

    • Author(s)
      高玉 圭樹
    • Organizer
      海上技術安全研究所 海洋リスク評価系、知識・データシステム系講演会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 深層強化学習を用いた複数の船舶を考慮した自動避航操船2021

    • Author(s)
      澤田 涼平
    • Organizer
      海上技術安全研究所報告第20巻第4号
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Cooperative Multi-agent Inverse Reinforcement Learning Based on Selfish Expert and its Behavior Archives2020

    • Author(s)
      Fukumoto, Y., Tadokoro, M., and Takadama, K.
    • Organizer
      The 2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI 2020)
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Directionality Reinforcement Learning to Operate Multi-Agent System without Communication2020

    • Author(s)
      Uwano, F. and Takadama, K.
    • Organizer
      The 11th International Workshop on Optimization and Learning in Multiagent Systems (OptLearnMAS 2020)
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 次元削減ルールの復元における過剰一般化と被覆における過剰特化を回避するXCS による高次元ルールの解釈性向上2020

    • Author(s)
      田所 優和,佐藤 寛之,高玉 圭樹
    • Organizer
      進化計算学会,第14回進化計算シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] VAEの潜在変数空間における分布ベース照合に基づく学習分類子システム2020

    • Author(s)
      田所 優和,佐藤 寛之,高玉 圭樹
    • Organizer
      計測自動制御学会,システム・情報部門 学術講演会 2020 (SSI2020)
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 複数局所解探索のための複数群間移動に基づく粒子群最適化:実ロボット環境に向けた個体数固定と同時移動への展開2020

    • Author(s)
      前川裕介,河野航大,梶原奨,福本有季子,佐藤 寛之,高玉 圭樹
    • Organizer
      進化計算学会,第14回進化計算シンポジウム 2020
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 重みベクトルと混雑距離における解選択の相互補完に基づく進化計算:MOEA/D とNSGA-II の融合2020

    • Author(s)
      河野 航大,梶原 奨,田所 優和,佐藤 寛之,高玉 圭樹
    • Organizer
      進化計算学会,第14回進化計算シンポジウム 2020
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 個別探索から生成された行動系列の優先付けに基づくマルチエージェント逆強化学習2020

    • Author(s)
      福本 有季子, 速水 陽平,前川 佳幹,高玉 圭樹
    • Organizer
      計測自動制御学会,システム・情報部門 学術講演会 2020 (SSI2020)
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 自動運航船の実現に向けた避航操船技術の研究開発2020

    • Author(s)
      間島 隆博
    • Organizer
      令和2年(第20回)海上技術安全研究所講演会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 自動運航船の避航アルゴリズムの開発とシミュレータ2020

    • Author(s)
      間島 隆博,佐藤 圭二,澤田 涼平
    • Organizer
      日本人間工学会関東支部第50回大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Automatic Collision Avoidance Using Deep Reinforcement Learning with Grid Sensor2019

    • Author(s)
      Sawada, R.
    • Organizer
      The 23rd Asia Pacific Symposium on Intelligent and Evolutionary Systems
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Application of Multi Agent System and Transition Matrix Analysis to Logistics System for Equal Distribution under Disaster Situation2019

    • Author(s)
      Majima, T., Takadama, K., Watanabe, D., Aratani, T. and, Sato, K.
    • Organizer
      SICE Annual Conference
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Smoother Sailing with the Internet of Things -Leveraging AI Technology for Safe & Efficient Navigation and Operations at Sea-2019

    • Author(s)
      Majima, T.
    • Organizer
      Smart Maritime Network Tokyo Conference
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] A Navigational Information Display System for Supporting Decision Making for Collision Avoidance -Utilizing Obstacle Zone by Target (OZT)-2019

    • Author(s)
      Sato, K.
    • Organizer
      e-Navigation Underway Conference North America
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Local Covering: Adaptive Rule Generation Method Using Existing Rules for XCS2019

    • Author(s)
      Tadokoro, M., Hasegawa, S., Tatsumi, T., Sato, H., and Takadama, K.
    • Organizer
      IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC2019)
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Complex-Valued-based Learning Classifier System for POMD Environments2019

    • Author(s)
      Takadama, K., Yamazaki, D, Nakata, M., and H. Sato
    • Organizer
      IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC2019)
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Toward Tracking to Serial Movement for Two Swarm Intelligence Algorithms in Dynamic Environments2019

    • Author(s)
      Takano, R., and Takadama, K.
    • Organizer
      The 3rd International Symposium on Swarm Behavior and Bio-Inspired Robotics (SWARM 2019)
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Towards Adaptation to Environmental Change without Network Revision in Urban Transit Network Design Problem2019

    • Author(s)
      Kajihara, S., Kobayashi, R., Takano, R., Takadama, K., Aratani, T., and Majima, T.
    • Organizer
      The 3rd International Symposium on Swarm Behavior and Bio-Inspired Robotics (SWARM 2019)
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Knowledge Extraction from XCSR Based on Dimensionality Reduction and Deep Generative Models2019

    • Author(s)
      Tadokoro, M., Hasegawa, S., Tatsumi, T., Sato, H., and Takadama, K.
    • Organizer
      IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC2019)
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 海事産業のビッグデータとAIの応用2019

    • Author(s)
      間島 隆博
    • Organizer
      全国水産高等学校長協会・全国水産高等学校実習船運営協会・全国高等学校水産教育研究会総会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 船舶の自律化について2019

    • Author(s)
      間島 隆博
    • Organizer
      日本海運経済学会年次大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 自動避航アルゴリズムの開発2019

    • Author(s)
      佐藤 圭二
    • Organizer
      日本船舶海洋工学会東部支部ワークショップ
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 自動避航操船の計算アルゴリズムの開発2019

    • Author(s)
      間島 隆博, 南 真紀子, 澤田 涼平, 福戸 淳司
    • Organizer
      海上技術安全研究所報告, 第19巻別冊, pp.73-76
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 航行妨害ゾーン(OZT)可視化による避航判断支援システムの開発2019

    • Author(s)
      佐藤 圭二, 澤田 涼平, 福戸淳司
    • Organizer
      海上技術安全研究所報告, 第19巻別冊, pp.67-71
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Local Covering: 保持分類子の条件部一般化に基づくXCSの適応的ルール生成法2019

    • Author(s)
      田所 優和,長谷川 智,辰巳 嵩豊,高玉 圭樹
    • Organizer
      第13回進化計算シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 評価値軸・設計変数上の解の継続変化に対する群知能アルゴリズムのメカニ ズムの設計とその追従性評価2019

    • Author(s)
      高野 諒, 佐藤 寛之, 高玉 圭樹
    • Organizer
      第13回進化計算シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] Applications of Evolutionary Computation2022

    • Author(s)
      Shiraishi, H., Hayamizu, Y., Nakari, I.,Sato, H., and Takadama, K.
    • Total Pages
      18
    • Publisher
      Springer-Verlag
    • ISBN
      9783031024610
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] Applications of Evolutionary Computation, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 126942021

    • Author(s)
      Kajihara, S., Sato, H., and Takadama, K.
    • Total Pages
      16
    • Publisher
      Springer
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 誤分類出力検知・訂正システム、誤分類出力検知・訂正方法及びプログラム2021

    • Inventor(s)
      高玉 圭樹,白石 洋輝
    • Industrial Property Rights Holder
      高玉 圭樹,白石 洋輝
    • Industrial Property Rights Type
      特許
    • Industrial Property Number
      2021-205164
    • Filing Date
      2021
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 周辺状態表現方法、避航動作学習プログラム、避航動作学習システム、及び船舶2019

    • Inventor(s)
      澤田涼平
    • Industrial Property Rights Holder
      海上技術安全研究所
    • Industrial Property Rights Type
      特許
    • Industrial Property Number
      2019-132152
    • Filing Date
      2019
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2019-04-18   Modified: 2023-01-30  

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