• Search Research Projects
  • Search Researchers
  • How to Use
  1. Back to previous page

Development of new cell preservation technologies utilizing antifreeze protein

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19H02529
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 27040:Biofunction and bioprocess engineering-related
Research InstitutionNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

Principal Investigator

Tsuda Sakae  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 生命工学領域, 上級主任研究員 (70211381)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 大山 恭史  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 生命工学領域, 主任研究員 (80356675)
近藤 英昌  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 生命工学領域, 主任研究員 (80357045)
Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2021)
Budget Amount *help
¥17,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥3,640,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥840,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥9,360,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,160,000)
Keywords不凍タンパク質 / ナノ氷結晶 / 過冷却現象 / 凍結濃縮現象 / 分子構造 / 熱ヒステリシス / 過冷却 / 構造 / 細胞生存率 / 微細氷結晶 / 過冷却状態 / Antifreeze Protein / 準ガラス化状態 / 氷結晶結合 / Supercooling / ガラス化凍結 / 細胞 / 脂質二重膜 / 再生医療
Outline of Research at the Start

本研究は「なぜ、寒冷地の生物は凍結死の危機を回避できるのか?」の解明を目指すものである。1969年以降、世界の様々な寒冷地生物から発見されている不凍タンパク質(AFP)という物質がそのカギを握ると考えられるため、本研究では複数種類のAFPの遺伝子組成、立体構造、氷再結晶化阻害機能、細胞膜透過性、細胞延命機能を分子から細胞のレベルで詳細に解析する。特に細胞の内外をAFPで満たす画期的な方法を明らかにすることで、生物が凍結死を回避するメカニズムを解明する。その結果に基づき、少ないエネルギーで細胞や組織を保存する新しい技術の開発に至る。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The present study revealed that (1) a phenomenon called "freeze-induced concentration" is strongly inhibited by using liquid nitrogen or AFP, among which the latter consumes quite a few energy cost, (2) the survival rate (%) is not so improved when rat insulinoma cells (RIN-5F) were cooled to be filled with relatively small ice crystals, and (3) the survival rate (%) is dramatically improved when the RIN-5F cells were cooled to make it supercooling state with AFP, or make it to be filled with ultimately small "nano" ice crystals. In this study supercooling state was achieved by using insect-derived AFP, which realized significantly high (~53%) survival rate (%) of RIN-5F cells even after 20 days of preservation at -5 deg C. These new findings were opened to public though many journals, seminars, and invited lectures. Dr. Tsuda received "2019 Society Award" from Japanese society for cryobiology and cryotechnology.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

冷凍庫で保存中の細胞、組織、食品等の内部に大きな氷結晶が生成する現象が「氷の再結晶化」である。本研究はエネルギーコストのかからない不凍タンパク質(Antifreeze Protein, AFP)を使うことで再結晶化が止まることを見出し、さらにマイナス温度域に冷却した水をナノ氷結晶で埋め尽くす「準ガラス化状態」にする技術によって細胞組織を低温下で長期間生かし続けられることを明らかにした。特に、昆虫由来AFPには水をマイナス5°Cで準ガラス化状態にする能力があること、その状態が細胞の生存率を大幅に改善することを初めて明らかにした。得られた成果をオープンアクセス誌やセミナー・講演等で広く公開した。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2021 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • 2019 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (50 results)

All 2022 2021 2020 2019 Other

All Journal Article (17 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 1 results,  Peer Reviewed: 17 results,  Open Access: 13 results) Presentation (26 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 8 results,  Invited: 4 results) Remarks (7 results)

  • [Journal Article] Dynamic motions of ice-binding proteins in living Caenorhabditis elegans using diffracted X-ray blinking and tracking2022

    • Author(s)
      Kuramochi Masahiro、Dong Yige、Yang Yue、Arai Tatsuya、Okada Rio、Shinkai Yoichi、Doi Motomichi、Aoyama Kouki、Sekiguchi Hiroshi、Mio Kazuhiro、Tsuda Sakae、Sasaki Yuji C.
    • Journal Title

      Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports

      Volume: 29 Pages: 101224-101224

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101224

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Functional Analysis of Antifreeze Protein for its Technological Applications2021

    • Author(s)
      津田 栄
    • Journal Title

      Cryobiology and Cryotechnology

      Volume: 67 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-8

    • DOI

      10.20585/cryobolcryotechnol.67.1_1

    • NAID

      130008054020

    • ISSN
      1340-7902, 2424-1555
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] オオクワガタ由来高活性型不凍タンパク質の発見2021

    • Author(s)
      山内彩加林、三浦 愛、津田 栄
    • Journal Title

      昆虫と自然(北隆館 ニュー・サイエンス社)

      Volume: 56 Pages: 34-37

    • NAID

      40022636680

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Crystal waters on the nine polyproline type II helical bundle springtail antifreeze protein from Granisotoma rainieri match the ice lattice2021

    • Author(s)
      Scholl Connor L.、Tsuda Sakae、Graham Laurie A.、Davies Peter L.
    • Journal Title

      The FEBS Journal

      Volume: in press Issue: 14 Pages: 4332-4347

    • DOI

      10.1111/febs.15717

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report 2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Characterization of microbial antifreeze protein with intermediate activity suggests that a bound-water network is essential for hyperactivity2021

    • Author(s)
      Khan N. M.-Mofiz Uddin、Arai Tatsuya、Tsuda Sakae、Kondo Hidemasa
    • Journal Title

      Scientific Reports

      Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Pages: 5971-5971

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41598-021-85559-x

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report 2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Partial characterization of an antifreeze protein (CRY-c) from Cryobacterium psychrotolerans MLB-29 of Arctic glacier cryoconite2021

    • Author(s)
      Singh Purnima、Tsuda Sakae、Singh Shiv Mohan、Mondal Sukanta、Roy Utpal
    • Journal Title

      Polar Science

      Volume: 28 Pages: 100661-100661

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.polar.2021.100661

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report 2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Discovery of Hyperactive Antifreeze Protein from Phylogenetically Distant Beetles Questions Its Evolutionary Origin2021

    • Author(s)
      Arai Tatsuya、Yamauchi Akari、Miura Ai、Kondo Hidemasa、Nishimiya Yoshiyuki、Sasaki Yuji C.、Tsuda Sakae
    • Journal Title

      International Journal of Molecular Sciences

      Volume: 22 Issue: 7 Pages: 3637-3637

    • DOI

      10.3390/ijms22073637

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report 2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Laboratory diffracted x-ray blinking to monitor picometer motions of protein molecules and application to crystalline materials2021

    • Author(s)
      Arai Tatsuya、Inamasu Rena、Yamaguchi Hiroki、Sasaki Daisuke、Sato-Tomita Ayana、Sekiguchi Hiroshi、Mio Kazuhiro、Tsuda Sakae、Kuramochi Masahiro、Sasaki Yuji C.
    • Journal Title

      Structural Dynamics

      Volume: 8 Issue: 4 Pages: 044302-044302

    • DOI

      10.1063/4.0000112

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Subzero Nonfreezing Hypothermia with Insect Antifreeze Protein Dramatically Improves Survival Rate of Mammalian Cells2021

    • Author(s)
      Yamauchi Akari、Miura Ai、Kondo Hidemasa、Arai Tatsuya、Sasaki Yuji C.、Tsuda Sakae
    • Journal Title

      International Journal of Molecular Sciences

      Volume: 22 Issue: 23 Pages: 12680-12680

    • DOI

      10.3390/ijms222312680

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 線虫の凍結・低温耐性を改善する氷結合タンパク質の生体内作用機序の解明2021

    • Author(s)
      倉持昌弘、三尾和弘、津田 栄、佐々木裕次
    • Journal Title

      月刊細胞(北隆館 ニュー・サイエンス社)

      Volume: 53 Pages: 59-62

    • NAID

      40022573722

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] An Ice-Binding Protein from an Antarctic Ascomycete Is Fine-Tuned to Bind to Specific Water Molecules Located in the Ice Prism Planes2020

    • Author(s)
      Yamauchi Akari、Arai Tatsuya、Kondo Hidemasa、Sasaki Yuji C.、Tsuda Sakae
    • Journal Title

      Biomolecules

      Volume: 10 Issue: 5 Pages: 759-759

    • DOI

      10.3390/biom10050759

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Fish-Derived Antifreeze Proteins and Antifreeze Glycoprotein Exhibit a Different Ice-Binding Property with Increasing Concentration2020

    • Author(s)
      Tsuda Sakae、Yamauchi Akari、Khan N. M.-Mofiz Uddin、Arai Tatsuya、Mahatabuddin Sheikh、Miura Ai、Kondo Hidemasa
    • Journal Title

      Biomolecules

      Volume: 10 Issue: 3 Pages: 423-423

    • DOI

      10.3390/biom10030423

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Presence of a basic secretory protein in xylem sap and shoots of poplar in winter and its physicochemical activities against winter environmental conditions2019

    • Author(s)
      T. Aohara, J. Furukawa, K. Miura, S. Tsuda, J. S. Poisson, R. N. Ben, P. W. Wilson, S. Satoh
    • Journal Title

      J. Plant Research

      Volume: 132 Issue: 5 Pages: 655-665

    • DOI

      10.1007/s10265-019-01123-9

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Expression of Ice-Binding Proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans Improves the Survival Rate upon Cold Shock and during Freezing2019

    • Author(s)
      Masahiro Kuramochi, Chiaki takanashi, Akari Yamauchi, Motomichi Doi, Kazuhiro Mio, Sakae tsuda, Yuji C. Sasaki
    • Journal Title

      Scientific Reports

      Volume: - Issue: 1 Pages: 6246-6246

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41598-019-42650-8

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Calcium-Binding Generates the Semi-Clathrate Waters on a Type II Antifreeze Protein to Adsorb onto an Ice Crystal Surface2019

    • Author(s)
      Arai Tatsuya、Nishimiya Yoshiyuki、Ohyama Yasushi、Kondo Hidemasa、Tsuda Sakae
    • Journal Title

      Biomolecules

      Volume: 9 Issue: 5 Pages: 162-162

    • DOI

      10.3390/biom9050162

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Freeze Tolerance in Sculpins (Pisces; Cottoidea) Inhabiting North Pacific and Arctic Oceans: Antifreeze Activity and Gene Sequences of the Antifreeze Protein2019

    • Author(s)
      Yamazaki Aya、Nishimiya Yoshiyuki、Tsuda Sakae、Togashi Koji、Munehara Hiroyuki
    • Journal Title

      Biomolecules

      Volume: 9 Issue: 4 Pages: 139-151

    • DOI

      10.3390/biom9040139

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Ice recrystallization is strongly inhibited when antifreeze proteins bind to multiple ice planes2019

    • Author(s)
      Rahman Anika T.、Arai Tatsuya、Yamauchi Akari、Miura Ai、Kondo Hidemasa、Ohyama Yasushi、Tsuda Sakae
    • Journal Title

      Scientific Reports

      Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Pages: 2212-2212

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41598-018-36546-2

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] 不凍タンパク質と氷 ― 水はどのように凍結するか? ―2021

    • Author(s)
      津田 栄
    • Organizer
      基礎生物学研究所 Cryopreservation Conference 2021
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 日本産オオクワガタ由来不凍タンパク質の発見~昆虫不凍タンパク質の起源を探る~2021

    • Author(s)
      山内彩加林、三浦 愛、津田 栄
    • Organizer
      日本昆虫学会 第81回大会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 不凍タンパク質とは何か?― その構造機能解明と実用化の現況 ―2021

    • Author(s)
      津田 栄
    • Organizer
      第61回生命科学夏の学校セミナー
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 昆虫由来不凍タンパク質は細胞を-5℃下で生存可能にする2021

    • Author(s)
      内彩加林、三浦 愛、津田 栄
    • Organizer
      第19回 産総研・産技連LS-BT合同研究発表会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 昆虫由来高活性型不凍タンパク質の探索と機能評価2020

    • Author(s)
      根塚映見、新井達也、三浦 愛、近藤英昌、津田 栄
    • Organizer
      第65回低温生物工学会(誌上開催)
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 昆虫由来不凍タンパク質の細胞保護効果2020

    • Author(s)
      山内彩加林、根塚映見、三浦 愛、近藤英昌、津田 栄
    • Organizer
      第65回低温生物工学会(誌上開催)
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 不凍タンパク質の分子機能と応用技術に関する研究(学会賞受賞講演)2020

    • Author(s)
      津田 栄
    • Organizer
      第65回低温生物工学会(誌上開催)
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 界面前進凍結濃縮の応用による 不凍タンパク質の精製法について2020

    • Author(s)
      宮脇長人、津田 栄、萩原知明、鈴木 徹
    • Organizer
      日本食品工学会第21回年次大会(誌上開催)
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] SINGLE MOLECULAR OBSERVATION OF AFP AND ICE-CRYSTAL DYNAMICS IN CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS BY TIME-RESOLVED X-RAY DIFFRACTION MEASUREMENTS2020

    • Author(s)
      董芸格、倉持 昌弘、高梨千晶、三尾和弘、戸井基道、関口博史、津田 栄、佐々木裕次
    • Organizer
      Biophysical Society 64th Annual Meeting
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] THE OBSERVATION OF THE ICE-BINDING PROTEIN FOR FREEZING AND COLD TOLERANCE OF TRANSGENIC CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS2020

    • Author(s)
      倉持 昌弘、戸井基道、三尾和弘、津田 栄、佐々木裕次
    • Organizer
      Biophysical Society 64th Annual Meeting
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 時分割回折X線法による線虫C.エレガンスの不凍タンパク質と氷の1分子動態観察2020

    • Author(s)
      董芸格、倉持 昌弘、高梨千晶、三尾和弘、戸井基道、青山光輝、関口博史、津田 栄、佐々木裕次
    • Organizer
      第33回日本放射光学会年会・放射光科学合同シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Practical Use of New Quality Products of Antifreeze Protein2019

    • Author(s)
      津田 栄、三浦 愛、近藤英昌
    • Organizer
      7th annual conference of AnalytiX-2019
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 不凍タンパク質の界面前進凍結濃縮における ice affinityについて2019

    • Author(s)
      宮脇長人、津田 栄、萩原知明、鈴木 徹
    • Organizer
      日本食品科学工学会第66回大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ウシ体外発生培地への不凍タンパク質添加が胚発生および発育に及ぼす影響2019

    • Author(s)
      瀧上結葵、津田 栄、西寒水 将、今井 敬、堂地 修
    • Organizer
      2019年度北海道人工授精技術研究会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] トウガレイ由来I型不凍タンパク質の構造機能解析2019

    • Author(s)
      渡辺 爽、Sheikh Mahatabuddin、三浦 愛、近藤英昌、津田 栄
    • Organizer
      第20回極限環境生物学会年会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] エレクトロポレーションによる不凍タンパク質の細胞内導入がもたらす生存率改善効果2019

    • Author(s)
      金子雅規、室井宏仁、山内彩加林、三浦 愛、近藤英昌、津田 栄
    • Organizer
      第20回極限環境生物学会年会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ギスカジカ由来不凍タンパク質の構造と機能の解析2019

    • Author(s)
      宮川 祥英、三浦 愛、近藤英昌、津田 栄
    • Organizer
      第20回極限環境生物学会年会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Development of an efficient production method of recombinant antifreeze proteins2019

    • Author(s)
      田中博基、津田 栄、近藤英昌
    • Organizer
      第7回国際生命科学シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Lifetime of cell line is dramatically improved by electroporator-assisted permeation of antifreeze protein2019

    • Author(s)
      金子雅規、室井宏仁、山内彩加林、三浦 愛、近藤英昌、津田 栄
    • Organizer
      第7回国際生命科学シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Sequence Determination and Characterization of Type I AFPs from Liposetta pinnifasciata (Barfin Plaice)2019

    • Author(s)
      渡辺 爽、Sheikh Mahatabuddin、三浦 愛、近藤英昌、津田 栄
    • Organizer
      第7回国際生命科学シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Dynamics And Functions of Antifreeze Proteins In Transgenic Caenorhabditis Elegans At Freezing Environments2019

    • Author(s)
      倉持 昌弘、董芸格、高梨千晶、戸井基道、三尾和弘、津田 栄、関口博史、佐々木裕次
    • Organizer
      ASCB-EMBO2019
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] The in vivo effects of the ice-binding protein mutations for the cold tolerance in C. elegans2019

    • Author(s)
      倉持 昌弘、董芸格、高梨千晶、戸井基道、三尾和弘、津田 栄、佐々木裕次
    • Organizer
      第42回日本分子生物学会年会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Ice-Binding Proteins Improves the Survival Rate of Caenorhabditis elegans at Non-freezing Temperature2019

    • Author(s)
      倉持 昌弘、董芸格、高梨千晶、戸井基道、青山光輝、関口博史、三尾和弘、津田 栄、佐々木裕次
    • Organizer
      第57回日本生物物理学会年会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] In vivo effect of Ice-Binding Protein Cold tolerance observation and X-ray single molecular measurement using living C. elegans2019

    • Author(s)
      倉持 昌弘、董芸格、高梨千晶、山内彩加林、戸井基道、青山光輝、関口博史、三尾和弘、津田 栄、佐々木裕次
    • Organizer
      第19回日本蛋白質科学会年会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ICE RECRYSTALLIZATION IS EFFICIENTLY TERMINATED BY ANTIFREEZE PROTEIN-BINDING TO MULTIPLE ICE PLANES2019

    • Author(s)
      津田 栄
    • Organizer
      2019年度国際低温生物学会(CRYO2019)
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 魚類および微生物由来不凍タンパク質の比較による細胞保護メカニズムの解明2019

    • Author(s)
      山内彩加林、新井達也、室井宏仁、三浦 愛、近藤英昌、津田 栄
    • Organizer
      第64回低温生物工学会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] 低温環境に弱い線虫が氷点下で生き延びた! -新しい低温保存技術と長期常温保存への期待-

    • URL

      https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_j/press_release/pr2019/pr20190515/pr20190515.html

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] 学会賞 津田 栄「不凍タンパク質の分子機能と応用技術に関する研究」

    • URL

      http://square.umin.ac.jp/jscc/jp/about/awardL.html

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] 学会賞 津田 栄「不凍タンパク質の分子機能と応用技術に関する研究」

    • URL

      https://life.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/tl/topic/7705

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] 津田 栄 Tsuda Sakae ホームページ

    • URL

      https://staff.aist.go.jp/s.tsuda/index.html

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report 2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] 北海道大学生命科学院分子適応科学研究室ホームページ

    • URL

      http://altair.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/g_renkei/top.html

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report 2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] プレスリリース・低温環境に弱い線虫が氷点下で生き延びた!

    • URL

      https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_j/press_release/pr2019/pr20190515/pr20190515.html

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] プレスリリース・氷の結晶化は極少量の抗凍結タンパク質(AFP)で止まる

    • URL

      https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_j/new_research/2019/nr20190213/nr20190213.html

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report

URL: 

Published: 2019-04-18   Modified: 2023-01-30  

Information User Guide FAQ News Terms of Use Attribution of KAKENHI

Powered by NII kakenhi