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Elucidation of channel synapse-mediated neurotransmission of tastes

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19H03819
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 57010:Oral biological science-related
Research InstitutionKyoto Prefectural University of Medicine

Principal Investigator

Taruno Akiyuki  京都府立医科大学, 医学(系)研究科(研究院), 教授 (20706824)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 岩槻 健  東京農業大学, 応用生物科学部, 教授 (50332375)
城戸 瑞穂  佐賀大学, 医学部, 教授 (60253457)
山本 正道  国立研究開発法人国立循環器病研究センター, 研究所, 特任部長 (70423150)
Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help
¥17,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,960,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥6,630,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,530,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥3,380,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥780,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥3,380,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥780,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥3,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥870,000)
Keywords味覚 / シナプス / 神経伝達 / ATP / イオンチャネル / CALHM / ミトコンドリア / チャネルシナプス / 塩味
Outline of Research at the Start

研究代表者は先行研究において、シナプス小胞の開口分泌ではなく活動電位によって開くイオンチャネルを通して神経伝達物質が直接放出されるという全く新しい神経伝達様式を口腔内で味覚を司る味細胞に発見した。この『味細胞特殊イオンチャネルシナプス』の構造、形成・動作原理、およびさらなる生理機能を明らかにし、味覚神経伝達メカニズムの全容解明を目指すとともに、新たな化学神経伝達様式の概念を確立する。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

In taste buds, taste receptor cells for sweetness, bitterness, and umami are classified as type II taste cells. When taste substances bind to taste receptors, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released as a neurotransmitter, transmitting taste information to gustatory nerves. In previous research, the lead researcher discovered that the heteromeric CALHM1/3 channel formed by CALHM1 and CALHM3 is the pathway for neurotransmitter release, and named this unique chemical synaptic machinery as "channel synapse". In this study, we were able to deepen our understanding of channel synapses through elucidating the structure of channel synapses, the structural basis of CALHM1/3 channel activity, the role of channel synapses in salt taste perception, and the distribution of channel synapses outside the oral cavity.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究では塩の美味しさを司る塩味受容の細胞分子メカニズムを解明した。塩の過剰摂取は高血圧のリスク因子であり、全世界で減塩が推奨されている。今後、科学的な知見に基づいた減塩食品の開発研究が加速すると期待できる。

Report

(2 results)
  • 2022 Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2019 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (11 results)

All 2020 2019 Other

All Journal Article (3 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 1 results) Presentation (5 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 2 results,  Invited: 3 results) Book (1 results) Remarks (2 results)

  • [Journal Article] All-electrical Ca2+-independent transduction mediates attractive sodium taste in taste buds2020

    • Author(s)
      Nomura K, Nakanishi M, Ishidate F, Iwata K, Taruno A
    • Journal Title

      Neuron

      Volume: - Issue: 5 Pages: 816-829.e6

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.neuron.2020.03.006

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 味蕾における味覚受容メカニズム2019

    • Author(s)
      樽野陽幸
    • Journal Title

      嚥下医学

      Volume: 8(2) Pages: 178-181

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 味覚系特殊イオンチャネルシナプス2019

    • Author(s)
      樽野陽幸
    • Journal Title

      京都府立医科大学雑誌

      Volume: 128(9) Pages: 637-643

    • NAID

      40022032545

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Transduction of sodium taste in the taste buds2020

    • Author(s)
      Taruno A
    • Organizer
      第97回日本生理学会大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] The cells and neurotransmission underlying sodium taste in the taste buds2020

    • Author(s)
      Nakanishi M, Nomura K, Taruno A
    • Organizer
      第97回日本生理学会大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 味覚系特殊イオンチャネルシナプスの構造と分子機構2019

    • Author(s)
      Taruno A
    • Organizer
      第3回感覚器研究イニシアチブ・シンポジウム「感覚と脳-基礎から臨床へ-」
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Ion channel synapses of the taste bud.2019

    • Author(s)
      Taruno A
    • Organizer
      NIPS International Workshop “Sensing food/nutrient/environment toward integrative metabolic regulation”
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Cells and transduction of sodium taste at the periphery.2019

    • Author(s)
      Taruno A, Nomura K
    • Organizer
      The 17th International Symposium on Molecular and Neural Mechanisms of Taste and Olfactory Perception
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Book] 第1章「味覚の受容」摂食と健康の科学(高田 明和編)2020

    • Author(s)
      樽野陽幸
    • Total Pages
      27
    • Publisher
      朝倉書店
    • ISBN
      9784254361858
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] 研究室ホームページ

    • URL

      https://www.tarunolab.com

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] Researchmap-樽野陽幸

    • URL

      https://researchmap.jp/akitaruno

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2019-04-18   Modified: 2024-01-30  

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