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Diagrams in pre-modern geometry

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19K00283
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 01080:Sociology of science, history of science and technology-related
Research InstitutionYokkaichi University

Principal Investigator

Saito Ken  四日市大学, 関孝和数学研究所, 研究員 (10221988)

Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥3,380,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥780,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
KeywordsApollonius / Conics / Mathematical diagram / Mathematical diagrams / アポロニオス / 円錐曲線論 / 写本の図版 / 数学文献の図版 / Apollonius of Perga / Eutocius of Ascalon / エウトキオス / diagrams of geometry / 古代の幾何学の図版 / ギリシャ数学 / 幾何学の図版
Outline of Research at the Start

申請者が研究代表者であった以前の研究課題「古代中世数学文献の図版のデータベース化」で作成・公開したプログラムDRaFTを改良して,写本の不規則な図版を再現する機能に,不規則性を除去して数学的に正確な図版を再現する機能を付加し,より多くの研究者の用に供する.
またこの機能を利用して,アポロニオス『円錐曲線論』の写本の図版を再現するとともに,そこから数学的に正確な図版も作成して公開する.

Outline of Final Research Achievements

We have redrawn the diagrams of Apollonius' Conics following the manuscript Vat.gr.206, which is the archetype of all the extant Greek manuscripts. In all the diagrams the conic sections are substituted by circle arcs, making this complicated work even more challenging for readers. A program has been developed which aids the user to replace the diagrams by mathematically correct ones with real conic sections.
The overspecification, which is often seen in the diagrams of Euclid's Elements, has proved to be less often in the Conics. This may support the thesis that overspecification in extant manuscripts has ancient origin. However, the Conics may well have escaped overspecification since the extant version has rather late origin (in Eutocius, 6th cent.), and this difficult work does not seem to have been copied often.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

古代ギリシャの論証数学は,近現代数学の起源の一つである.本研究が対象としたアポロニオス『円錐曲線論』は現代から見ても高度な内容を含み,しかもガリレオによる投射体の軌跡(放物線),ケプラーによる惑星軌道(楕円)の発見,デカルトによる座標概念の発明の前提となった重要な著作である.本研究は,この著作の伝承過程の一端を明らかにするものである.この難解な著作は,正確な図版を描く器具なしに書写されて,きわめて不正確な図版によって伝承されたにもかかわらず,近世にその内容と議論が正確に復元され,近代数学・物理学が可能になったのである.

Report

(6 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Research-status Report
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • 2020 Research-status Report
  • 2019 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (5 results)

All 2023 2022 2019 Other

All Presentation (4 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 1 results,  Invited: 1 results) Remarks (1 results)

  • [Presentation] Syntactic analysis of the text and the role of diagram2023

    • Author(s)
      Ken Saito
    • Organizer
      Delphi symposium on Greek Mathematics
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Editions of Apollonius' "Conics" in the 16th century2022

    • Author(s)
      Ken Saito
    • Organizer
      Societa` italiana di storia delle matematiche
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] アポロニオス『円錐曲線論』のギリシャ語写本の図版について2019

    • Author(s)
      斎藤憲
    • Organizer
      日本数学会2019年度秋季総合分科会
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Le figure delle Coniche di Apollonio2019

    • Author(s)
      Ken Saito
    • Organizer
      Societa` italiana di storia delle matematiche - XVIII Congresso
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Remarks]

    • URL

      https://www.greekmath.org

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2019-04-18   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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