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A Basic Research on the Tariff Policy of Mongolia in 1910's

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19K01022
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 03030:History of Asia and Africa-related
Research InstitutionShimonoseki City University

Principal Investigator

Tachibana Makoto  下関市立大学, 教養教職機構, 教授 (30647938)

Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help
¥3,120,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥720,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Keywordsモンゴル国 / 関税 / 帝政ロシア / 中国商人 / 借款 / 財政顧問 / 中国 / 釐金 / 子口半税 / 近代モンゴル / 国家財政 / 実効支配 / シリーンゴル盟 / ウラーンチャブ盟 / I.M.マイスキー / I.M. マイスキー / ボグド・ハーン / チベット人 / モンゴル独立 / ロシア / 脱税
Outline of Research at the Start

モンゴル国は清朝の版図内にあった地域のうち、現在独立を維持している唯一の国家である。なぜモンゴル国のみが清朝滅亡後に中華民国・中華人民共和国に包含されることなく独立を達成できたのかというのは、アジア史における重要な問いの一つである。この問いに答えるために、本研究では、モンゴル国の独自財源の70%を占めていたとされる関税に注目し、その全体像を制度と実態の両面から明らかにすることを目指す。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

This study examines the tariff policy of Mongolia during the formation of an independent state in the 1910s in terms of both the system and the reality. In Mongolia, which declared its independence from the Qing Dynasty in 1911, the ratio of tariff revenues accounted for 70% to 80% of the national revenue, excluding loans from Imperial Russia. However, according to the newly discovered archival documents kept in the archives of Mongolia, it became clear that the ratio was actually higher, the amount of tariff collected increased over time. The background to this is considered to be the result of frequent revisions to the rules to prevent tax evasion and regulatory abuse. Thus, it was confirmed again that Mongolia in the early days relied heavily on tariff revenues for most of its finances.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

これまでの研究では、ロシア人研究者マイスキーの著作中に引用された統計を利用してモンゴル国の財政について議論してきたが、本研究では、およそ半年に一度作成されていた関税徴収額が記されたモンゴル国の公文書館所蔵史料を利用し、より正確な関税政策の実態を考察した。関税徴収額が年を経るごとに増加していった背景として、無関税特権を有していたロシア人と共謀するなどして脱税を繰り返す中国人商人を取り締まるため、関税規則がたびたび改定されていたことや、ロシアから派遣された財政顧問の活動による効果を指摘した。このようにして、モンゴル国は建国当初の国家運営に必要な財源を確保していたことを明らかにした。

Report

(5 results)
  • 2022 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • 2020 Research-status Report
  • 2019 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (15 results)

All 2022 2021 2020 2019

All Journal Article (9 results) (of which Open Access: 3 results) Presentation (6 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 5 results)

  • [Journal Article] Dispute between Russia and China over customs duties in Mongolia: What were the customs duties in Mongolia in the early 20th century?2022

    • Author(s)
      Makoto TACHIBANA
    • Journal Title

      Чингис хааны ертонц ба Монгол судлал

      Volume: 1 Pages: 333-340

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Friendship and Antagonism: Tibetans and Money in Early Twentieth-Century Mongolia2022

    • Author(s)
      Makoto TACHIBANA
    • Journal Title

      The Early 20th Century Resurgence of the Tibetan Buddhist World: Studies in Central Asian Buddhism

      Volume: - Pages: 85-101

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] W.W. Rockhill’s Visit to Outer Mongolia in 1913: An analysis using William Woodville Rockhill Papers2022

    • Author(s)
      Makoto TACHIBANA
    • Journal Title

      「帝国」の秩序と再編:モンゴルの史書と史跡の探求

      Volume: - Pages: 71-78

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] モンゴルの国家財政に関する基礎的考察-20世紀初頭の関税収入を中心に2021

    • Author(s)
      橘 誠
    • Journal Title

      下関市立大学論集

      Volume: 65-1 Pages: 61-70

    • NAID

      120007140758

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Sources on the Finances of the Bogd Khan Government in the 1910s: A Comparative Analysis Using I.M. Maiskii’s Research2021

    • Author(s)
      Makoto TACHIBANA
    • Journal Title

      1921 оны Ардын хувьсгал - 100 жил: Туух ба Орчин уе

      Volume: - Pages: 68-75

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] 民族自決主義とモンゴルの命運―自治撤廃への道程2020

    • Author(s)
      橘 誠
    • Journal Title

      下関市立大学論集

      Volume: 64-1 Pages: 63-75

    • NAID

      120006880441

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] 20世紀初頭のモンゴル国における関税をめぐる相克と共生ー制度と実態に関する基礎的考察2020

    • Author(s)
      橘 誠
    • Journal Title

      移動と共生の東北アジア:中蒙露朝辺境にて

      Volume: ー Pages: 64-90

    • NAID

      120007163876

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] Somewhere between “Independence” and “Autonomy”: Translating Concepts in the Modern Mongolian2019

    • Author(s)
      TACHIBANA, Makoto
    • Journal Title

      A World History of Suzerainty: A Modern History of East and West Asia and Translated Concepts

      Volume: - Pages: 177-198

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Правительствоавтономной Внешней Монголии в истории: оценки в прошлом и настоящем2019

    • Author(s)
      ТАЧИБАНА, Макото
    • Journal Title

      Институт Богдо-гэгэна в истории Монголии

      Volume: - Pages: 121-142

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Open Access
  • [Presentation] Dispute between Russia and China over customs duties in Mongolia: What were the customs duties in Mongolia in the early 20th century?2022

    • Author(s)
      Makoto TACHIBANA
    • Organizer
      CHINGGIS KHAAN'S WORLD AND MONGOLIAN STUDIES
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Sources on the Finances of the Bogd Khan Government in the 1910s: A Comparative Analysis Using I.M. Maiskii’s Research2021

    • Author(s)
      Makoto TACHIBANA
    • Organizer
      1921 оны Ардын хувьсгал-100 жил: Туух ба Орчин уе
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Re-examination of a document on the banners submitting to the Bogd Khan Government2021

    • Author(s)
      Makoto TACHIBANA
    • Organizer
      International Conference dedicated to the 110th anniversary of the proclamation of Mongolia’s independence
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Friendship and Antagonism: Mongol-Tibetan Relations in the Early Twentieth Century2019

    • Author(s)
      TACHIBANA, Makoto
    • Organizer
      International Association for Tibetan Studies the 15th Seminar
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Богд хааны улс торийн эрх мэдлийн оорчлолтийг эргэцуулэх нь: Монгол дахь Тувдийн хучин зуйлийн жишээнээс2019

    • Author(s)
      ТАЧИБАНА, Макото
    • Organizer
      Олон улсын эрдэм шинжилгээний хурал, Богд хаан 150
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] モンゴルの国家財政に関する基礎的考察―20世紀初頭の関税収入に着目して2019

    • Author(s)
      橘 誠
    • Organizer
      令和元年度九州史学会大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report

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Published: 2019-04-18   Modified: 2024-01-30  

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