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Approaching proof theory from the viewpoint of proof size

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19K03601
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 12030:Basic mathematics-related
Research InstitutionTohoku University (2021-2023)
Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (2019-2020)

Principal Investigator

YOKOYAMA Keita  東北大学, 理学研究科, 教授 (10534430)

Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Keywords証明論 / 逆数学 / 計算可能性理論 / ラムゼイの定理 / 算術のモデル理論 / 強制法 / 反映原理 / 超準モデル / パラメータ付き計算量 / 数理論理学 / 算術の超準モデル / 数学基礎論 / クリプキモデル / 組み合わせ論 / 算術
Outline of Research at the Start

証明の最も代表的な量的情報である長さ・サイズは、数学における証明の難しさや複雑さを測定する最も直感的な尺度と考えられる。しかし証明のサイズは公理系の取り方に強く依存し、証明の複雑さを公理の強さ以上には反映しないと考えられてきた。実際、公理の証明論的な強さが異なると証明のサイズを自由に変化させられるような命題の例が存在する、というEhrenfeucht/Mycielskiの定理が知られている。しかし、この定理の詳細な分析から証明のサイズが証明論的強さを細分化するような尺度になりうることがわかってきた。本研究では、この「細分化尺度としての証明の量的情報」の理論構築・普遍量化を目指しその応用を探る。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

We developed a new field of proof theory and its theoretical framework, and explored its applications to mathematical logic and theoretical computer science. Specifically, we obtained the following results:
1. We established a method for analyzing the quantitative information of proofs and showed that the length and size of proofs can be a measure to subdivide the proof-theoretic strength. 2. We discovered that Ekeland's variational principle requires a strong axiom system, which provided a new approach to proving the difficulty of problems in analysis. 3. We showed that the linear time hierarchy is strictly smaller than nondeterministic exponential linear time under the assumption of the provability of the MRDP theorem in weak arithmetic.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究で得られた、証明の複雑さに関する様々な尺度からの知見は、証明論と計算可能性理論の分野間の結びつけを強化し発展に貢献するものである。また、本研究で扱われたラムゼーの定理の証明論視点からの量的情報分析は、組み合わせ論への応用も期待される。
さらに、本研究で得られた成果は、数学の基礎に関する理解を深めることにもつながる。数学の基礎に関する研究は、数学全体の発展を支えるものでもある一方、数学と計算機科学を直結させる具体的な手法を提供する物でもある。自然科学の発展に寄与するだけでなく、計算機による検証や人工知能の安全性の担保等に対する具体的技術の基盤となることも期待される。

Report

(6 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Research-status Report
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • 2020 Research-status Report
  • 2019 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (55 results)

All 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (26 results) Journal Article (12 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 10 results,  Peer Reviewed: 11 results,  Open Access: 3 results) Presentation (16 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 11 results,  Invited: 10 results) Remarks (1 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] ワルシャワ大学(ポーランド)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] シンガポール国立大学(シンガポール)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] リーズ大学(英国)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] コネチカット大学(米国)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] 復旦大学(中国)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research]

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ワルシャワ大学(ポーランド)

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] シンガポール国立大学(シンガポール)

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] リーズ大学(英国)

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ヘント大学(ベルギー)

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] コネチカット大学(米国)

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research]

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] National University of Singapore(シンガポール)

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Warsaw(ポーランド)

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Ghent University(ベルギー)

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Leeds(英国)

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Warsaw(ポーランド)

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] National University of Singapore(シンガポール)

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Leeds(英国)

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Ghent University(ベルギー)

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Leeds(英国)

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Ghent University(ベルギー)

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Warsaw(ポーランド)

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] National University of Singapore(シンガポール)

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Institut Camille Jordan(フランス)

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research]

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] Erdos-Moser and ISigma_22024

    • Author(s)
      Henry Towsner and Keita Yokoyama
    • Journal Title

      Israel Journal of Mathematics

      Volume: -

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] An isomorphism theorem for models of Weak Konig's Lemma without primitive recursion2024

    • Author(s)
      Marta Fiori-Carones, Leszek Aleksander Kolodziejczyk, Tin Lok Wong, Keita Yokoyama
    • Journal Title

      Journal of European Mathematical Society

      Volume: -

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] ON THE FIRST-ORDER PARTS OF PROBLEMS IN THE WEIHRAUCH DEGREES2024

    • Author(s)
      DAMIR D. DZHAFAROV, REED SOLOMON, KEITA YOKOYAMA
    • Journal Title

      Computability

      Volume: -

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] EXTENDED FRAMES AND SEPARATIONS OF LOGICAL PRINCIPLES2023

    • Author(s)
      FUJIWARA MAKOTO、ISHIHARA HAJIME、NEMOTO TAKAKO、SUZUKI NOBU-YUKI、YOKOYAMA KEITA
    • Journal Title

      The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic

      Volume: 29 Issue: 3 Pages: 311-353

    • DOI

      10.1017/bsl.2023.29

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] The Paris-Harrington principle and second-order arithmetic--bridging the finite and infinite Ramsey theorem2023

    • Author(s)
      Yokoyama Keita
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematics 2022

      Volume: - Pages: 1504-1528

    • DOI

      10.4171/icm2022/106

    • ISBN
      9783985470617, 9783985475612
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Metric fixed point theory and partial impredicativity2023

    • Author(s)
      Fernandez-Duque D., Shafer P., Towsner H., Yokoyama K.
    • Journal Title

      Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

      Volume: 381 Issue: 2248

    • DOI

      10.1098/rsta.2022.0012

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Ramsey's theorem for pairs, collection, and proof size2023

    • Author(s)
      Kolodziejczyk Leszek Aleksander, Wong Tin Lok, Yokoyama Keita
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Mathematical Logic

      Volume: - Issue: 02

    • DOI

      10.1142/s0219061323500071

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] HOW STRONG IS RAMSEY’S THEOREM IF INFINITY CAN BE WEAK?2022

    • Author(s)
      KOLODZIEJCZYK LESZEK ALEKSANDER, KOWALIK KATARZYNA W., YOKOYAMA KEITA
    • Journal Title

      The Journal of Symbolic Logic

      Volume: - Issue: 2 Pages: 1-20

    • DOI

      10.1017/jsl.2022.46

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] In search of the first-order part of Ramsey's theorem for pairs2021

    • Author(s)
      Leszek Aleksander Kolodziejczyk and Keita Yokoyama
    • Journal Title

      Lecture Notes in Computer Science

      Volume: 12183 Pages: 297-307

    • DOI

      10.1007/978-3-030-80049-9_27

    • ISBN
      9783030800482, 9783030800499
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The reverse mathematics of theorems of Jordan and Lebesgue2021

    • Author(s)
      Nies Andre、Triplett Marcus A.、Yokoyama Keita
    • Journal Title

      The Journal of Symbolic Logic

      Volume: - Issue: 4 Pages: 1-18

    • DOI

      10.1017/jsl.2021.16

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Ekeland's variational principle in weak and strong systems of arithmetic2020

    • Author(s)
      Fernandez-Duque David、Shafer Paul、Yokoyama Keita
    • Journal Title

      Selecta Mathematica

      Volume: 26 Issue: 5 Pages: 1-38

    • DOI

      10.1007/s00029-020-00597-z

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Some upper bounds on ordinal-valued Ramsey numbers for colourings of pairs2020

    • Author(s)
      Kolodziejczyk Leszek Aleksander、Yokoyama Keita
    • Journal Title

      Selecta Mathematica

      Volume: 26 Issue: 4

    • DOI

      10.1007/s00029-020-00577-3

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 自然数論のモデルと逆数学2023

    • Author(s)
      横山啓太
    • Organizer
      日本数学会, 企画特別講演, 中央大学, 2023年3月.
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 算術の超準モデル論2023

    • Author(s)
      横山啓太
    • Organizer
      Logic Winter School 2023, 沖縄青年会館, 那覇, 2023年2月20-21日.
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Reverse mathematics from multiple points of view2022

    • Author(s)
      Keita Yokoyama
    • Organizer
      Japan forum associated with ICM 2022, RIMS Kyoto, Japan, June 13, 2022.
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Reverse mathematics from multiple points of view2022

    • Author(s)
      Keita Yokoyama
    • Organizer
      International Congress of Mathematics 2022, Sectional Speaker (Logic), online, July 13, 2022.
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Determinacy and reflection principles in second-order arithmetic2022

    • Author(s)
      Leonardo Pacheco and Keita Yokoyama
    • Organizer
      Workshop on Reverse Mathematics and its Philosophy, Paris, France, June 13-17, 2022
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Classifying theorems: reverse mathematics and its multiple viewpoints2022

    • Author(s)
      Keita Yokoyama
    • Organizer
      World Logic Day Workshop 2022
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Reverse mathematics and proof and model theory of arithmetic2021

    • Author(s)
      Keita Yokoyama
    • Organizer
      Computability in Europe 2021
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Automorphism argument and reverse mathematics2021

    • Author(s)
      Keita Yokoyama
    • Organizer
      Computability Theory and Applications Seminar (国際オンラインセミナー)
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Forcing interpretation, conservation and proof size2021

    • Author(s)
      Keita Yokoyama
    • Organizer
      Proof Theory Virtual Seminar (国際オンラインセミナー)
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] On the unique existence conservation theorem for WKL2021

    • Author(s)
      Keita Yokoyama
    • Organizer
      Workshop on Effective descriptive set theory, computable analysis and automata
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] On the first-order consequences of Ramsey's theorem over RCA_0*2019

    • Author(s)
      Keita Yokoyama
    • Organizer
      Workshop on Proof Theory, Modal Logic and Reflection Principles
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Recent progress on the study of the first-order part of Ramsey's theorem for pairs2019

    • Author(s)
      Keita Yokoyama
    • Organizer
      Mathematical Logic and Constructivity
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Approaching the first-order part of Ramsey's theorem for pairs and two colors2019

    • Author(s)
      Keita Yokoyama
    • Organizer
      Workshop on Computability Theory 2019
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Recent struggling for the first-order part of Ramsey's theorem for pairs2019

    • Author(s)
      Keita Yokoyama
    • Organizer
      Reverse Mathematics of Combinatorial Principles, CMO-BIRS meeting (19w5111)
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Finitary infinite pigeonhole principle and Ramsey's theorem in reverse mathematics2019

    • Author(s)
      Keita Yokoyama
    • Organizer
      Computability in Europe 2019
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Terrence Tao's finitary infinite pigeonhole principle and proof-theory2019

    • Author(s)
      Keita Yokoyama
    • Organizer
      2019 SJTU-JAIST-NU Follow-Up Workship on Formal Methods
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Remarks] Researchmap

    • URL

      https://researchmap.jp/read0145758

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report

URL: 

Published: 2019-04-18   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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