| Project/Area Number |
19K03765
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Review Section |
Basic Section 13040:Biophysics, chemical physics and soft matter physics-related
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| Research Institution | Kanazawa University |
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Principal Investigator |
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
北畑 裕之 千葉大学, 大学院理学研究院, 教授 (20378532)
好村 滋行 東京都立大学, 理学研究科, 客員教授 (90234715)
小谷野 由紀 東北大学, 理学研究科, JSPS特別研究員(PD) (50849643)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2021)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
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| Keywords | enzymes / colloids / glasses / nonequilibrium / transport / nonequilibrium transport |
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| Outline of Research at the Start |
Because of conformational changes accompanying their catalytic turnover cycles, single enzymes can propel themselves in the solution, as if they could swim. Furthermore, cyclic conformational activity strongly influences collective dynamics of dense molecular colloids of enzymes: in its absence they behave as glasses, but become fluidized when the activity is switched on. While there are excellent experiments, these phenomena remain poorly understood. Hence, theoretical investigations of enzymes as active nanoscale matter are planned.
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The execution of this project was affected by COVID-19 pandemic. The PI, based in Berlin and working part-time in Kanazawa, could not freely travel to Japan. Nonetheless, the research was to a large extent performed as planned. Hydrodynamic effects of active internal motions in mechano-chemical enzymes were explored. Analysis of simplified dimer models led to accurate estimates for diffusion enhancement in solutions of catalytically active enzymes. The phenomenon of molecular dancing, based on exchange of momenta between enzymes and surrounding fluid, was proposed, and its theory was developed. This has allowed us to explain the effects of boosted diffusion for single molecules of enzymes. Moreover, glass-like properties of dense solutions of catalytically active enzymes were numerically explored. It has been demonstrated that conformational activity of enzymes can have a strong effect on such colloidal glasses, leading to an effective fluidization of them.
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
The project has led to a theoretical explanation for a family of experimental observations for diffusion enhancement in solutions of catalytically active enzymes. The obtained results are essential for the deeper understanding of reaction and diffusion processes in the living cells.
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