Understanding the process of dust formation by evolved stars based on infrared observation and experiment

• Project/Area Number: 19K03909
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 16010:Astronomy-related
• Research Institution: The University of Tokyo
• Principal Investigator: SAKON ITSUKI 東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 助教 (70451820)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2021)
• Budget Amount: ¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000); Fiscal Year 2021: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥2,470,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥570,000)
• Keywords: 星間塵 / 赤外線 / 有機物 / 実験天文学 / 赤外線観測天文学 / 赤外線天文学 / 星間ダスト / 星間有機物 / 窒素 / 新星 / 観測天文学

Outline of Research at the Start

「宇宙が化学的に豊かになり、有機物を含む現在の宇宙環境形成される過程を理解する試み」は、現在の天文学における重要な問いである。本研究は、これまでに応募者が実施して来たダストおよび有機物の室内合成実験と終焉を迎える恒星による質量放出によって形成されるダストの赤外放射の観測に基づき、宇宙空間にダストおよび有機物が供給される過程の理解を、室内実験と赤外天文観測の両手法で扱う基礎研究である。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

This study aims to demonstrate the properties and the lifecycle of interstellar organics. Dust in space is expected to be formed in the circumstellar space of stars, mainly, in their final evolution stage using the nucleosynthesized elements. This study has focused on the synthesis process of dust in the circumstellar environment of novae and Wolf-Rayet stars via a combined approach between infrared spectroscopic observation and laboratory astrophysics to synthesize organic dust that mimic the observed properties of interstellar organics. Base on this project, we have successfully synthesized the organic dust that reproduce the infrared spectral properties of dust formed around novae, which we named quenched nitrogen-included carbonaceous composite (QNCC), and completed the detailed infrared and x-ray analysis of QNCC. We have made the press release on the result of this research (https://www.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ja/press/2021/7522/)

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

宇宙の有機物の塵の物質同定とその一生の理解は、地球に存在する生命が、広く長い宇宙の歴史において、いかにありがたくもありふれたものであるかを知ることに直結し、宇宙生物学、天体化学、地球惑星科学、さらには学際的に広く価値が共有される研究対象である。本研究の成果は、2021年8月26日に東京大学において明星大学及び北海道大学と共同で、『新星爆発で生まれる有機物の地理の合成に成功』として、記者発表 (https://www.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ja/press/2021/7522/)を実施し、時事通信、朝日新聞のwebニュースのほか、東京新聞、中日新聞に掲載された。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] NASA Ames Research Center/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Banaras Hindu University/Tezpur University(インド)
• [Int'l Joint Research] NASA Ames Research Center/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/The University of Texas at San Antonio(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] The University of British Columbia(カナダ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Banaras Hindu University(インド)
• [Int'l Joint Research] NASA Ames Research Center/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/California Institute of Technology(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Banaras Hindu University(インド)
• [Int'l Joint Research] LAM/CNES(フランス)
• [Journal Article] Theoretical study of infrared spectra of interstellar PAH molecules with N, NH & NH2 incorporation (2022)
  • Author(s): A. Vats, A. Pathak, T. Onaka, M. Buragohain, I. Sakon, and I. Endo
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 74 Issue: 1 Pages: 161-174
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psab116
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] On the nature of organic dust in novae (2021)
  • Author(s): I. Endo, I. Sakon, T. Onaka, Y. Kimura, S. Kimura, S. Wada, L. A. Helton, R. M. Lau, Y. Kebukawa, Y. Muramatsu, N. O. Ogawa, N. Ohkouchi, M. Nakamura, and S. Kwok
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 917 Issue: 2 Pages: 103-103
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac0cf1
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Mid-infrared spectrometer and camera for the Origins Space Telescope (2021)
  • Author(s): I.Sakon, T.L.Roellig, K.A.Ennico-Smith, T.Matsuo, Y.Ikeda, T.Yamamuro, K.Enya, T.Wada, M.Kawada, A.Takahashi, Y. Sarugaku, N.Fujishiro, N.Murakami, J.Nishikawa, T.Kotani, S.Goda, M.Ido, S.Itoh, T.Tsuboi, T.Sumi, M.Kamiura, T.Manome, N.Iida, K.Yanagibashi, T.P.Greene, B.P.Helvensteijn, L.Hofland, R.R.Johnson,他5名
  • Journal Title: J. of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems Volume: 7 Issue: 1 Pages: 011013-011013
  • DOI: 10.1117/1.jatis.7.1.011013
  • URL: https://pure.teikyo.jp/en/publications/cf1af4da-58e2-4a37-8404-485391250b68
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Discovery of two infrared objects with strong ice absorption in the AKARI slitless spectroscopic survey of the Galactic Plane (2021)
  • Author(s): T. Onaka, T. Kimura, I. Sakon, and T. Shimonishi
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 916 Issue: 2 Pages: 75-75
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac0531
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Origins space telescope: from first light to life (2021)
  • Author(s): Wiedner M. C.、et al.
  • Journal Title: Experimental Astronomy Volume: 51 Issue: 3 Pages: 595-624
  • DOI: 10.1007/s10686-021-09782-0
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Space Project for Astrophysical and Cosmological Exploration (SPACE), an ESA stand-alone mission and a possible contribution to the Origins Space Telescope (2021)
  • Author(s): Burgarella Denis、et al.
  • Journal Title: Experimental Astronomy Volume: 51 Issue: 3 Pages: 625-660
  • DOI: 10.1007/s10686-021-09703-1
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Origins Space Telescope: trades and decisions leading to the baseline mission concept (2021)
  • Author(s): Leisawitz David、et al.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems Volume: 7 Issue: 01
  • DOI: 10.1117/1.jatis.7.1.011014
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Origins Space Telescope science drivers to design traceability (2021)
  • Author(s): Meixner Margaret et al.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems Volume: 7 Issue: 01
  • DOI: 10.1117/1.jatis.7.1.011012
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Origins Space Telescope: baseline mission concept (2021)
  • Author(s): Leisawitz David T. et al.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems Volume: 7 Issue: 01
  • DOI: 10.1117/1.jatis.7.1.011002
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Mid-infrared detector development for the Origins Space Telescope (2020)
  • Author(s): Roellig Thomas L.、McMurtry Craig、Greene Thomas、Matsuo Taro、Sakon Itsuki、Staguhn Johannes
  • Journal Title: Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems Volume: 6 Issue: 04
  • DOI: 10.1117/1.jatis.6.4.041503
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The mid-infrared spectrometer/camera (MISC) for the Origins Space Telescope (2020)
  • Author(s): Sakon Itsuki、Roellig Thomas L.、Ennico-Smith Kimberly et al.
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of the SPIE Volume: 11443 Pages: 219-219
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2561949
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] DFT study on interstellar PAH molecules with aliphatic side groups (2020)
  • Author(s): Buragohain, M., Pathak, A., Sakon, I., and Onaka, T.,
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 892 Issue: 1 Pages: 11-11
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab733a
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The Origins Space Telescope (2019)
  • Author(s): Leisawitz David T. et al.
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of the SPIE Volume: 11115 Pages: 25-25
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2530514
  • Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Study on the properties and the origin of organic dust in galaxies at high redshift (2022)
  • Author(s): Itsuki Sakon
  • Organizer: Astro2020 and IR Astrophysics: Planning for the Next Decade
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] たんぽぽ 2QCC 曝露 (2022)
  • Author(s): 左近 樹
  • Organizer: ISAS 宇宙生命探査シンポジウム
  • Invited
• [Presentation] The mid-infrared spectrometer/camera (MISC) for the Origins Space Telescope (2020)
  • Author(s): Sakon, I., et al.
  • Organizer: SPIE
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Understanding of the properties of Interstellar Dust and Organics (2019)
  • Author(s): Itsuki Sakon
  • Organizer: International Conference on Infrared Astronomy and Astrophysical Dust, 22-25 October 2019, IUCAA, Pune, India
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Mission Concept Studies for the 2020 Decadal Survey ; Origins Space Telescope (OST) (2019)
  • Author(s): 左近 樹
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会2019年秋季年会
• [Presentation] 急冷窒素含有炭素質物質の赤外分光特性 (2019)
  • Author(s): 遠藤いずみ
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会2019年秋季年会
• [Presentation] 宇宙初期の銀河星間環境を特徴付けるダストの性質の理解 (2019)
  • Author(s): 左近 樹
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会2020年春季年会
• [Presentation] すばる望遠鏡COMICSを用いたWR125の中間赤外低分散分光観測 (2019)
  • Author(s): 遠藤いずみ
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会2020年春季年会
• [Presentation] Experimental approaches to understand the properties of organics in space (2019)
  • Author(s): Izumi Endo
  • Organizer: International Conference on Infrared Astronomy and Astrophysical Dust, 22-25 October 2019, IUCAA, Pune, India
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 急冷窒素含有炭素質物質の宇宙環境曝露実験 (2019)
  • Author(s): 遠藤いずみ
  • Organizer: 第63 回宇宙科学技術連合講演会
• [Presentation] Laboratory experiments on the carriers of the 'Class C' UIR bands (2019)
  • Author(s): Izumi Endo
  • Organizer: The Physics and Chemistry of the Interstellar Medium, 2-6 September 2019, Palais des Papes-Avignon, France
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Remarks] 新星爆発で生まれる有機物の塵の合成に成功
  • URL: https://www.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ja/press/2021/7522/
• [Remarks] 研究室の扉「新星で生まれる有機物の塵を作る」左近樹助教
  • URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0l7J8vFHraM
• [Remarks] 炭素質固体微粒子の宇宙風化と有機物進化の実証研究
  • URL: http://exoplanets.astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/QCC/index.html
• [Remarks] 2019年度Tanpopo2 曝露実験サンプル(QCC型)
  • URL: http://exoplanets.astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/QCC/index_tanpopo2_qcc-type.html
• [Remarks] MISC for Origins
  • URL: http://exoplanets.astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/OST/MISC/index_misc_concept_baseline.html
• [Remarks] Mid-Infrared Spectrometer and Camera (MISC)
  • URL: http://exoplanets.astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/OST/MISC/index_misc.html