Explosion Mechanism of Core-collapse Supernovae Using X-ray Diffraction Grating

• Project/Area Number: 19K03915
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 16010:Astronomy-related
• Research Institution: Kyoto University
• Principal Investigator: Uchida Hiroyuki 京都大学, 理学研究科, 助教 (60589828)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-04-01 – 2023-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
• Budget Amount: ¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000); Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,820,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥420,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
• Keywords: X線天文学 / 超新星残骸 / 恒星進化 / 超新星爆発 / X線 / X線精密分光 / 精密X線分光 / 電荷交換 / 共鳴散乱 / 天文学 / 超新星

Outline of Research at the Start

大質量星が超新星爆発を引き起こすメカニズムは現在もわかっておらず、天文学上の重大な未解決問題である。ここ数年の大きな進展として、重力崩壊型の爆発に成功する理論計算が現れるようになった。それらの研究によると、星の質量の僅かな違いが爆発の成否を左右する。しかし、こうした質量依存性が観測事実とどのように整合するかは、まだ十分に検証されていない。申請者は、星の質量の違いが、外層の炭素・窒素・酸素の生成量に反映される点に注目した。本研究では、大小マゼラン雲の超新星残骸のX線回折格子データを使って、これまで難しいとされてきた炭素・窒素・酸素の組成比を初めて網羅的に測定する。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

As planned during the research period, we observed supernova remnants in the Galaxy and LMC/SMC with the RGS and performed spectroscopy of carbon and nitrogen emission lines. As a result, for example, the nitrogen-oxygen ratio of RCW103 revealed not only the mass of the progenitor but also the state of the star before the explosion, such as rotational velocity and convective overshoot, and we were able to establish a method using a stellar evolution model. The method is applicable to other remnants, and the above studies have been sufficient to discover a number of derivative charge exchange reactions and resonant scattering.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究は、星がなぜ超新星爆発を起こすのか、どのような星が爆発し中性子星を残すのか、という天文学上の重要な問いの一つに、爆発前の星が残した星風の元素量から明らかにする新手法を提案している。結果として、星風に含まれる窒素や酸素の比から、爆発前の星の質量や回転速度、また対流の状態（星の内部状態）まで明らかにできることを示せた。いずれも、既存の研究では推定が困難で得ることの難しかった情報である。今年度に日本が打ち上げるXRISM衛星は、窒素や酸素の輝線をこれまでにない精度で検出することができるため、上記の根源的な問いに答えられる手法を確立した点で本研究は大きな意義がある。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Progenitor constraint with circumstellar material for the magnetar-hosting supernova remnant RCW 103 (2023)
  • Author(s): Narita, Takuto; Uchida, Hiroyuki; Yoshida, Takashi; Tanaka, Takaaki; Tsuru, Takeshi Go
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: -
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Spatially resolved study of the SS?433/W?50 west region with Chandra: X-ray structure and spectral variation of non-thermal emission (2022)
  • Author(s): Kayama Kazuho、Tanaka Takaaki、Uchida Hiroyuki、Tsuru Takeshi Go、Sudoh Takahiro、Inoue Yoshiyuki、Khangulyan Dmitry、Tsuji Naomi、Yamamoto Hiroaki
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 74 Issue: 5 Pages: 1143-1156
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psac060
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] High-resolution X-ray study of supernova remnant J0453.6?6829 with unusually high forbidden-to-resonance ratio (2022)
  • Author(s): Koshiba Yosuke、Uchida Hiroyuki、Tanaka Takaaki、Amano Yuki、Sano Hidetoshi、Tsuru Takeshi Go
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 74 Issue: 4 Pages: 757-766
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psac033
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Charge Exchange X-Ray Emission Detected in Multiple Shells of Supernova Remnant G296.1-0.5 (2022)
  • Author(s): Tanaka Yukiko、Uchida Hiroyuki、Tanaka Takaaki、Amano Yuki、Koshiba Yosuke、Go Tsuru Takeshi、Sano Hidetoshi、Fukui Yasuo
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 933 Issue: 1 Pages: 101-101
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac738f
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] High resolution X-ray study of supernova remnant J0453.6－6829 with unusually high forbidden-to-resonance ratio (2022)
  • Author(s): Koshiba Y., Uchida H., Tanaka T., Amano Y., Sano H., Tsuru T. G.
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: -
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Rapid Deceleration of Blast Waves Witnessed in Tycho’s Supernova Remnant (2021)
  • Author(s): Tanaka Takaaki、Okuno Tomoyuki、Uchida Hiroyuki、Yamaguchi Hiroya、Lee Shiu-Hang、Maeda Keiichi、Williams Brian J.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 906 Issue: 1 Pages: L3-L3
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abd6cf
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Low-energy X-ray performance of SOI pixel sensors for astronomy, “XRPIX” (2021)
  • Author(s): Kodama Ryota, Ayaki Takeda, et al.
  • Journal Title: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment Volume: 986 Pages: 164745-164745
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2020.164745
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Spatially Resolved RGS Analysis of Kepler’s Supernova Remnant (2021)
  • Author(s): Kasuga Tomoaki、Vink Jacco、Katsuda Satoru、Uchida Hiroyuki、Bamba Aya、Sato Toshiki、Hughes John P.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 915 Issue: 1 Pages: 42-42
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abff4f
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Proton radiation hardness of x-ray SOI pixel sensors with pinned depleted diode structure (2021)
  • Author(s): Hayashida Mitsuki、Hagino Kouichi、Kohmura Takayoshi、Kitajima Masatoshi、Yarita Keigo、Oono Kenji、Negishi Kousuke、Tsuru Takeshi G.、Tanaka Takaaki、Uchida Hiroyuki、Kayama Kazuho、Kodama Ryota、Mori Koji、Takeda Ayaki、Nishioka Yusuke、Hida Takahiro、Yukumoto Masataka、Arai Yasuo、Kurachi Ikuo、Kitamura Hisashi、etc
  • Journal Title: Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems Volume: 7 Issue: 03 Pages: 036001-036001
  • DOI: 10.1117/1.jatis.7.3.036001
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Investigation of the Physical Origin of Overionized Recombining Plasma in the Supernova Remnant IC 443 with XMM-Newton (2021)
  • Author(s): Okon Hiromichi、Tanaka Takaaki、Uchida Hiroyuki、Tsuru Takeshi Go、Seta Masumichi、Kokusho Takuma、Smith Randall K.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 921 Issue: 2 Pages: 99-99
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac1e2c
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Plasma Diagnostics of the Supernova Remnant N132D using Deep XMM-Newton Observations with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (2020)
  • Author(s): Suzuki, Hitomi; Yamaguchi, Hiroya; Ishida, Manabu; Uchida, Hiroyuki; Plucinsky, Paul P.; Foster, Adam R.; Miller, Eric D.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 900 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aba524
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] RGS Observations of Ejecta Knots in Tycho's Supernova Remnant (2020)
  • Author(s): Williams, Brian J.; Katsuda, Satoru; Cumbee, Renata; Petre, Robert; Raymond, John C.; Uchida, Hiroyuki
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Letters Volume: 898 Issue: 2 Pages: 1-1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aba7c1
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Optical blocking performance of CCDs developed for the X-ray Astronomy Satellite XRISM (2020)
  • Author(s): Uchida, Hiroyuki; Tanaka, Takaaki; Amano, Yuki; Okon, Hiromichi; Tsuru, Takeshi G.; Nakajima, Hiroshi; Noda, Hirofumi; Hayashida, Kiyoshi; Matsumoto, Hironori; Hanaoka, Maho; Yoneyama, Tomokage; Okazaki, Koki; Asakura, Kazunori; et al.
  • Journal Title: Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A Volume: 978 Pages: 1-1
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2020.164374
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Probing cosmic rays with Fe Ka line structures generated by multiple ionization process (2020)
  • Author(s): H. Okon, M. Imai, T. Tanaka, H. Uchida, T. G. Tsuru
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 72 Issue: 4 Pages: 1-1
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psaa055
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Shock-Cloud Interaction in the Southwestern Rim of RX J1713.7-3946 (2020)
  • Author(s): T. Tanaka, H. Uchida, H. Sano, T. G. Tsuru
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal Letters Volume: 900 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abaef0
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Time Variability of Nonthermal X-Ray Stripes in Tycho’s Supernova Remnant with Chandra (2020)
  • Author(s): Okuno Tomoyuki、Tanaka Takaaki、Uchida Hiroyuki、Aharonian Felix A.、Uchiyama Yasunobu、Tsuru Takeshi Go、Matsuda Masamune
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 894 Issue: 1 Pages: 50-50
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab837e
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Time Variability of Nonthermal X-ray Stripes in Tycho's Supernova Remnant with Chandra (2020)
  • Author(s): Okuno, Tomoyuki; Tanaka, Takaaki; Uchida, Hiroyuki; Aharonian, Felix A.; Uchiyama, Yasunobu; Tsuru, Takeshi Go; Matsuda, Masamune
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: －
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Deep XMM-Newton Observations Reveal the Origin of Recombining Plasma in the Supernova Remnant W44 (2020)
  • Author(s): Okon Hiromichi、Tanaka Takaaki、Uchida Hiroyuki、Yamaguchi Hiroya、Tsuru Takeshi Go、Seta Masumichi、Smith Randall K.、Yoshiike Satoshi、Orlando Salvatore、Bocchino Fabrizio、Miceli Marco
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 890 Issue: 1 Pages: 62-62
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab6987
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Evidence for Resonance Scattering in the X-ray Grating Spectrum of the Supernova Remnant N49 (2020)
  • Author(s): Yuki Amano, Hiroyuki Uchida, Takaaki Tanaka, Liyi Gu, and Takeshi Go Tsuru
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: －
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Discovery of Shocked Molecular Clouds Associated with the Shell-type Supernova Remnant RX J0046.5?7308 in the Small Magellanic Cloud (2019)
  • Author(s): Sano H.、Matsumura H.、Yamane Y.、Maggi P.、Fujii K.、Tsuge K.、Tokuda K.、Alsaberi R. Z. E.、Filipovi? M. D.、Maxted N.、Rowell G.、Uchida H.、Tanaka T.、et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 881 Issue: 1 Pages: 85-85
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2ade
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Measurement of Charge Cloud Size in X-Ray SOI Pixel Sensors (2019)
  • Author(s): Hagino Kouichi、Oono Kenji、Negishi Kousuke、Yarita Keigo、Kohmura Takayoshi、Tsuru Takeshi G.、Tanaka Takaaki、Uchida Hiroyuki、Harada Sodai、Okuno Tomoyuki、Kayama Kazuho、Amano Yuki、et al.
  • Journal Title: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Volume: 66 Issue: 7 Pages: 1897-1905
  • DOI: 10.1109/tns.2019.2920281
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Ionization age of iron ejecta in the Galactic Type Ia supernova remnant G306.3-0.9 (2019)
  • Author(s): Sawada Makoto、Tachibana Katsuhiro、Uchida Hiroyuki、Ito Yuta、Matsumura Hideaki、Bamba Aya、Tsuru Takeshi Go、Tanaka Takaaki
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 71 Issue: 3 Pages: 61-61
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psz036
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Subpixel response of SOI pixel sensor for X-ray astronomy with pinned depleted diode: first result from mesh experiment (2019)
  • Author(s): Kayama K.、Tsuru T. G.、Tanaka T.、Uchida H.、Harada S.、Okuno T.、Amano Y.、Hiraga J. S.、et al.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Instrumentation Volume: 14 Issue: 06 Pages: C06005-C06005
  • DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/14/06/c06005
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Performance of the Silicon-On-Insulator Pixel Sensor for X-ray Astronomy, XRPIX6E, Equipped with Pinned Depleted Diode Structure (2018)
  • Author(s): S. Harada, T. G. Tsuru, T. Tanaka, H. Uchida, H. Matsumura, K. Tachibana, H. Hayashi, A. Takeda, K. Mori, Y. Nishioka & 16 coauthors
  • Journal Title: Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A Volume: 924 Pages: 468-472
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2018.09.127
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Evaluation of Kyoto’s event-driven X-ray astronomical SOI pixel sensor with a large imaging area (2018)
  • Author(s): H. Hayashi, T. G. Tsuru, T. Tanaka, H. Uchida, H. Matsumura, K. Tachibana, S. Harada, A. Takeda, K. Mori, Y. Nishioka & 16 coauthors
  • Journal Title: Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A Volume: 924 Pages: 400-403
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2018.09.042
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] 精密X線分光と電離非平衡プラズマ -- 近年の超新星残骸の研究成果を中心に (2021)
  • Author(s): 内田裕之
  • Organizer: 天文・天体物理若手の会夏の学校
  • Invited
• [Presentation] X線分光撮像衛星 (XRISM) 搭載軟 X 線撮像装置の開発の現状 (9) (2021)
  • Author(s): 内田裕之ほかXRISM/Xtendチーム
  • Organizer: 日本物理学会 第 77 回年次大会
• [Presentation] ドップラー解析 による Tycho’s SNR の膨張構造の測定 (2021)
  • Author(s): 内田裕之
  • Organizer: SNR Workshop 2022
• [Presentation] X 線分光撮像衛星 (XRISM) 搭載軟 X 線撮像装置 (Xtend) の開発の現状 (4) (2020)
  • Author(s): 内田裕之
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会2020年秋季年会
• [Presentation] X線分光撮像衛星 (XRISM) 搭載 軟X線撮像装置 Xtend の 開発の現状 (3) (2020)
  • Author(s): 内田裕之
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会春季年会
• [Presentation] High Forbidden-to-resonance Line Ratio of O VII Discovered from the Cygnus Loop (2019)
  • Author(s): Hiroyuki Uchida
  • Organizer: Frascati Workshop 2019: Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources XIII
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] NuSTAR 衛星による 超新星残骸 W44 の拡散硬 X 線成分の観測 (2019)
  • Author(s): 内田裕之、田中孝明、尾近洸行、山口弘悦
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会秋季年会
• [Presentation] SNR Shock-Molecular Cloud Interactions: RP and CX (2019)
  • Author(s): Hiroyuki Uchida
  • Organizer: Collaborative Meeting on SNRs between Japan and USA
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] High Resolution Grating Spectroscopy of Galactic and Extragalactic SNRs with RGS onboard XMM-Newton (2019)
  • Author(s): Hiroyuki Uchida
  • Organizer: Celebrating 20 years of Chandra
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Optical Blocking Performance of CCDs Developed for the X-ray Astronomy Satellite XRISM (2019)
  • Author(s): Hiroyuki Uchida
  • Organizer: HSTD12
  • Int'l Joint Research