Contribution of photosynthesis of black spruce under soil-frozen condition on the annual CO2 budget

• Project/Area Number: 19K03998
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 17030:Human geosciences-related
• Research Institution: Osaka Metropolitan University (2022); Osaka Prefecture University (2019-2021)
• Principal Investigator: Harazono Yoshinobu 大阪公立大学, 大学院農学研究科, 客員研究員 (90137240)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-04-01 – 2023-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
• Budget Amount: ¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000); Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥2,340,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥540,000)
• Keywords: 光合成 / 根圏凍結 / クロトウヒ / 温暖化予測 / 光合成開始(On-Set ) / 炭素収支 / 不凍水 / 凍結根圏環境 / CO2吸収 / 温暖化 / 積雪量増加 / 北方林 / CO2収支 / 凍土植生 / 不凍結水 / 温室効果気体

Outline of Research at the Start

Alaska大学Fairbanks 校（UAF）のフラックス観測施設（UAFサイト）で，凍土融解前にクロトウヒ群葉のCO2 交換量をチャンバ3組で2年次にわたり測定する。根圏凍結下での光合成の可能性とそれを支える不凍水の存在を検証する。
UAFサイトでは群落レベルでCO2収支を通年観測しており，観測データとチャンバ測定結果とを相互比較し，さらにチャンバ測定結果のパラメータを生態系炭素収支の広域的評価モデルに組み込み（研究協力者，植山准教授）モデルによるCO2 収支評価を含めて，従来の定説を覆す根圏凍結下のCO2吸収を評価し，それが広域的CO2 収支と大気濃度に及ぼす影響を検討する。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

A photosynthesis measurement system was installed in the forest at the University of Alaska Fairbanks to verify the photosynthesis of black spruce at sub-zero temperatures. The university campus was closed due to the spread of the new coronavirus infection, and the scheduled measurement from March was canceled for two and a half years.
n early April 2022, we resumed observation activities at the site. There was about 1 m of snow at the observation site. Sensors and control devices of chamber system were damaged during two and half years blank. In October 2022, I fixed the wiring of the data logger and the tubing, replaced some of the sensors, and tried to acquire preliminary photosynthesis data. However, the flow-regulating mass flow controller (MFC), which is essential for photosynthesis measurement, did not work completely, and the autumn research was finished without obtaining any preliminary data that could be used for the research.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

高緯度生態系の光合成開始時期（ON-Set）は陸域の炭素収支に重要である。本研究は根圏が凍結し水利用が困難な環境で，光合成が始まっていることを実証する試みである。先行研究で従来のOn-Set以前の光合成開始を把握したので，本研究では反復回数を増やし不凍水による光合成の可能性を実証する計画であったが，2年半に及ぶ学内入構制限のため期間内に実施できなかった。
凍土凍結中の光合成開始によりCO2 固定が増加することから，生態系の炭素固定量の詳細把握につながり，地球温暖化予測モデルの精度向上に有益情報であると共に，人為的排出量の削減指標策定など政策的にも重要な知見を得る予定であった。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Snow disappearance timing associated with elevation and vegetation type determines heterogeneity in spring onset in interior Alaska (2023)
  • Author(s): Kawashima, S., Ueyama, M., Harazono, Y., Iwata, H., & Kobayashi, H
  • Journal Title: Polar Science Volume: 35 Pages: 10098-10098
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Composition and Dynamics of the Planetary Boundary Layer of the Dark and Cold Atmospheres (2023)
  • Author(s): Javier Fochesatto 他24名
  • Journal Title: Overview of the IGAC-ALPACA Volume: BAMS-AMS
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from the forest floor of a black spruce forest on permafrost in interior Alaska (2022)
  • Author(s): Ueyama, M., Iwata, H., Endo, R., Harazono, Y.
  • Journal Title: Polar Science Volume: 35 Pages: 100921-100921
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Spring onsets of a young forest in interior Alaska determined based on time-lapse camera and eddy covariance measurements. (2021)
  • Author(s): Kawashima, S., Ueyama, M., Okamura, M., Harazono, Y., Iwata, H., Kobayashi, H.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Agricultural Meteorology Volume: 3 Pages: 190-199
  • NAID: 130008064100
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Lessons learned from more than a decade of greenhouse gas flux measurements at boreal forests in eastern Siberia and interior Alaska. (2021)
  • Author(s): Hiyama, T., Ueyama, M., Kotani, A., Iwata, H., Nakai, T., Okamura, M., Ohta, T., Harazono, Y., Petrov, R. E., Maximov, T. C.
  • Journal Title: Polar Science Volume: 27 Pages: 100607-100607
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2020.100607
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Cooling and moistening of the planetary boundary layer in interior Alaska due to a postfire change in surface energy exchange. (2020)
  • Author(s): Ueyama, M., Yamamori, T., Iwata, H., Harazono, Y.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres Volume: 125 Issue: 18
  • DOI: 10.1029/2020jd032968
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Fluctuations of CO2 in Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) depress plant photosynthesis, growth, and yield. (2020)
  • Author(s): 1.L.H. Allen,, B.A. Kimball, J.A. Bunce, M. Yoshimoto, Y. Harazono, J.T. Baker, K.J. Boote, J.W. White
  • Journal Title: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Volume: 284 Pages: 1-11
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Carbon dioxide balance in early-successional forests after forest fires in interior Alaska, (2019)
  • Author(s): 2.Ueyama M., Iwata, H., Nagano, H., Tahara, N., Iwama, C., and Harazono, Y
  • Journal Title: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Volume: 275 Pages: 196-207
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Presentation] 長期観測データからの深い情報抽出と多点解析による情報の一般化 (2023)
  • Author(s): 植山雅仁 他 38名
  • Organizer: 日本農業気象学会2023年全国大会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 北方林の森林火災による土地被覆変化が対流性降雨の特性に与える影響 (2023)
  • Author(s): 落合悠介・岩田拓記・植山雅仁・原薗芳信
  • Organizer: 日本農業気象学会2023年全国大会
• [Presentation] 極夜の大規模フラックス, 観測データが示す現象とその理解 (2023)
  • Author(s): 原薗芳信・間野正美・宮田昭
  • Organizer: 日本農業気象学会2023年全国大会
• [Presentation] 10年規模気候変動下におけるアラスカ北方林での大気と土壌の物理的相互作用 (2023)
  • Author(s): 大久保香穂，岩田拓記，原薗芳信，植山雅仁，永野博彦
  • Organizer: 日本農業気象学会2023年全国大会
• [Presentation] A Model-aided Analysis on the Spring Snowmelt Timing in Alaskan Black Spruce Forests underlain by Permafrost. (2023)
  • Author(s): Ikawa, H., Nakai, T., Harazono, Y., Iwata, H., Nagano, H., Saito, K., Ueyama, M., Kobayashi, H.
  • Organizer: International Symposium on Agricultural Meteorology 2023, Yamaguchi
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 北方林の森林火災による土地被覆変化が対流性降雨の特性に与える影響 (2022)
  • Author(s): 落合悠介・岩田拓記・植山雅仁・原薗芳信
  • Organizer: 日本農業気象学会関東甲信越支部2022 年度例会
• [Presentation] Factors for local-scale spatiotemporal variation of spring onsets of vegetation in interior Alaska (2022)
  • Author(s): Shihori Kawashima, Masahito Ueyama, Yoshinobu Harazono, Hiroki Iwata, Hideki Kobayashi
  • Organizer: PAWCs国際シンポジウム
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] he effect of Land Surface Change after Forest Fires on Convective Rainfall in Alaskan Boreal Forests (2022)
  • Author(s): Yusuke Ochiai, Hiroki Iwata , Masahito Ueyama, Yoshinobu Harazono
  • Organizer: AsiaFlux2022
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Methane emissions from the forest floor of a black spruce forest on permafrost in interior Alaska. (2022)
  • Author(s): Ueyama, M., Iwata, H., Endo, R., Harazono, Y.
  • Organizer: International Symosium Pan-Arctic Water-Carbon Cycles and Terrestrial Changes in the Arctic: For Resilient Arctic Communities, Online
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Factors for local-scale spatiotemporal variation of spring onsets of vegetation in interior Alaska. (2022)
  • Author(s): Kawashima, S., Ueyama, M., Harazono, Y., Iwata, H., Kobayashi, H.
  • Organizer: International Symosium Pan-Arctic Water-Carbon Cycles and Terrestrial Changes in the Arctic: For Resilient Arctic Communities, Online,
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 人工衛星データを用いた内陸アラスカの生育期開始における地域スケールの空間変動の解析 (2022)
  • Author(s): 川嶋しほり・植山雅仁・原薗芳信・岩田拓記・小林秀樹
  • Organizer: 日本農業気象学会全国大会, オンライン
• [Presentation] 大気境界層モデルを用いた北方林サイトにおける対流性降雨の再現 (2022)
  • Author(s): 落合悠介・岩田拓記・植山雅仁・原薗芳信
  • Organizer: 日本農業気象学会全国大会, オンライン
• [Presentation] 10年規模気候変動下におけるアラスカ北方林での大気と土壌の物理的相互作用 (2022)
  • Author(s): 大久保香穂・岩田拓記・原薗芳信・植山雅仁・永野博彦
  • Organizer: 日本農業気象学会全国大会, オンライン
• [Presentation] Factors for geographical distribution of spring onsets of vegetation in interior Alaska. (2021)
  • Author(s): Kawashima, S., Ueyama, M., Harazono, Y., Iwata, H., Kobayashi, H
  • Organizer: iLEAPS-Japan研究集会2021 大気―陸面プロセスの研究の進展：観測とモデルによる統合的理解,
• [Presentation] アラスカ北方林における大気と土壌の物理的相互作用. (2021)
  • Author(s): 大久保香穂・岩田拓記・植山雅仁・原薗芳信・永野博彦
  • Organizer: 日本農業気象学会関東支部大会, オンライン
• [Presentation] 森林火災による土地被覆変化が対流性降雨の特性に与える影響 (2021)
  • Author(s): 落合悠介・岩田拓記・植山雅仁・原薗芳信
  • Organizer: 日本農業気象学会関東支部大会, オンライン
• [Presentation] 永久凍土上のクロトウヒ湿地林からのメタン放出の10年変動 (2021)
  • Author(s): 岩田拓記・植山雅仁・原薗芳信・永野博彦
  • Organizer: 日本農業気象学会全国大会
• [Presentation] 内陸アラスカの植生の春のフェノロジーの評価 (2021)
  • Author(s): 川嶋しほり・植山雅仁・原薗芳信・岩田拓記・小林秀樹
  • Organizer: 日本農業気象学会全国大会
• [Presentation] A variation in surface energy balance during the early vegetation succession stage after wildfire interior Alaska. (2020)
  • Author(s): Iwata, H., Ueyama, M., Harazono, Y
  • Organizer: Sixth International Symposium on Arctic Research,
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 積算温度モデルを用いた内陸アラスカの種特有の植物季節現象の評価と将来予測 (2020)
  • Author(s): 川嶋しほり・植山雅仁・原薗芳信・岡村幹太・岩田拓記・小林秀樹
  • Organizer: 日本農業気象学会全国大会2020
• [Presentation] Estimating greenhouse gas budgets in high-latitude ecosystems with an improved ecosystem model using eddy covariance data. (2020)
  • Author(s): Okamura, M., Ueyama, M., Ito, A., Ichii, K., Iwata, H., Euskirchen, E. S., Goeckede, M., Sonnentag, O., Flanagan, L. B., Harazono, Y., Helbig, M., Hirano, T., Oechel, W. C., Zona, D
  • Organizer: Sixth International Symposium on Arctic Research,
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Decade long observations of greenhouse gases fluxes at burned and unburned boreal forests in interior Alaska. (2020)
  • Author(s): Ueyama, M., Iwata, H., Harazono, Y.
  • Organizer: Sixth International Symposium on Arctic Research,
• [Presentation] Current status of greenhouse gas balance in the Arctic black spruce forest based on the long-term observation and the future progress. (2019)
  • Author(s): Harazono, Y., Ueyama, M., Iwata, H., Hiyama, T
  • Organizer: 20th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Korea
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Estimating CH4 fluxes across high latitude ecosystems using VISIT model. (2019)
  • Author(s): Okamura, M., Ueyama, M., Ito, A., Ichii, K., Iwata, H., Euskirchen, S. E., Goeckede, M., Sonnentag, O., Flanagan, L. B., Harazono, Y., Helbig, M., Hirano, T., Oechel, W. C., Zona, D
  • Organizer: iLEAPS/IGAC-Japan 合同研究集会 2019
• [Presentation] Estimation of greenhouse gas budget over high-latitude ecosystems using a process-based ecosystem model, VISIT. (2019)
  • Author(s): Okamura, M., Ueyama, M., Ito, A., Ichii, K., Iwata, H., Euskirchen, S. E., Goeckede, M., Sonnentag, O., Flanagan, L. B., Harazono, Y., Helbig, M., Hirano, T., Oechel, W. C., Zona, D.
  • Organizer: AsiaFlux2019 -20th Anniversary Workshop
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Estimating high-latitude methane fluxes based on the satellite data-driven Terrestrial Carbon Flux Model. (2019)
  • Author(s): Luo, J., Ueyama, M., Okamura, M., Watts, J. D., Iwata, H., Euskirchen, S. E., Goeckede, M., Sonnentag, O., Flanagan, L. B., Harazono, Y., Helbig, M., Hirano, T., Oechel, W. C., Zona, D
  • Organizer: AsiaFlux2019 -20th Anniversary Workshop
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] タイムラプスカメラによる内陸アラスカの植生の春の生物季節現象の評価. (2019)
  • Author(s): 川嶋しほり・植山雅仁・原薗芳信・岡村幹太・岩田拓記・小林秀樹
  • Organizer: 日本農業気象学会近畿支部大会
• [Presentation] 北極域クロトウヒ林における温室効果ガス収支の長期観測研究の現状と課題 (2019)
  • Author(s): 原薗芳信，植山雅仁，岩田拓記，檜山哲哉
  • Organizer: 日本農業気象学会2019年全国大会,
• [Remarks] MicroMet and GHG fluxes in Alaska(PFRR)
  • URL: https://ads.nipr.ac.jp/dataset/A20210413-001
• [Remarks] MicroMet and GHG fluxes in Alaskan black spruce
  • URL: https://ads.nipr.ac.jp/dataset/A20210413-002
• [Remarks] CO2 ＆ CH4 fluxesa for Alaskan black spruce
  • URL: https://ads.nipr.ac.jp/dataset/A20210930-001
• [Remarks] UAF-site realtime-Mivrometeorology data View
  • URL: http://monitors.iarc.uaf.edu/uaf-north-campus/