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Development of a new infiltration calculation scheme based on the theory of the formation of preferential flow in snowpack revealed by using MRI

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19K04960
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 25030:Disaster prevention engineering-related
Research InstitutionForest Research and Management Organization

Principal Investigator

Takafumi Katsushima  国立研究開発法人森林研究・整備機構, 森林総合研究所, 主任研究員 等 (00611922)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 安達 聖  国立研究開発法人防災科学技術研究所, 雪氷防災研究部門, 特別研究員 (80719146)
Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help
¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥2,210,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥510,000)
KeywordsMRI / 選択流 / フィンガー流 / 積雪モデル / 浸透計算 / Invasion percolation
Outline of Research at the Start

融雪災害の発生予測やリスク評価において、気象データから積雪の内部構造や積雪底面からの流出を数値再現する積雪モデルは、有効な手法である。融雪や降雨の積雪内への浸透が発生した際には、選択的な水の流れ(選択流)の形成によって内部構造が複雑化するが、選択流のプロセスを取り扱わない既存の積雪モデルでは、内部構造や流出を正しく予測できない課題がある。
本研究では、独自開発した最新のMRIによる非破壊測定技術を用いて、選択流の形成と、それに伴う積雪の内部構造や変形の時間変化の関係を明らかにするとともに、積雪モデルでこれらを統合的に取り扱う新しい浸透計算スキームの開発を目的とする。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

We have investigated and modeled the formation process of preferential flow inside snowpacks caused by rainfall or snowmelt to improve prediction technology on hazards caused by melting snow. Non-destructive measurement technique by using MRI visualized the formation and development of the preferential flow and the deformation of the snow due to infiltrated water. When differences in capillary forces existed in the vertical direction within the snow layer, the significant differences of it tended to produce a wider horizontal spread of the preferential flow. We have developed a method to directly simulate pore-scale infiltration phenomena based on invasion percolation, which models the fluid replacement process by another fluid in a porous material. The formation of preferential flow and the spread of it observed in MRI-based infiltration experiments were reproduced approximately by the simulation.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

積雪内部の浸透現象と,それによりもたらされる積雪の内部構造の急激な変化は,積雪研究の実解決問題の1つである.積雪内部の選択流の物理過程を解明し,選択流の可視化技術,シミュレーション技術を開発したことは,積雪内部の浸透現象の全体像を示す可能性のある成果であり,融雪期の積雪現象の理解を大きく前進させる.これらの成果は,これまで予測が困難であった春先の急激な融雪や積雪への降雨による湿雪雪崩,融雪洪水,地すべりなどの融雪災害の予測精度の向上に資するものと考える.

Report

(5 results)
  • 2022 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • 2020 Research-status Report
  • 2019 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (10 results)

All 2021 2020 2019 Other

All Journal Article (2 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 2 results,  Open Access: 2 results) Presentation (7 results) Remarks (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] Fast imaging and optimization of cryospheric MRI sequences for wet snow2021

    • Author(s)
      安達聖、勝島隆史
    • Journal Title

      Journal of the Japanese Society of Snow and Ice

      Volume: 83 Issue: 6 Pages: 569-578

    • DOI

      10.5331/seppyo.83.6_569

    • NAID

      130008160399

    • ISSN
      0373-1006, 1883-6267
    • Year and Date
      2021-11-15
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Nondestructive three-dimensional observations of flow finger and lateral flow development in dry snow using magnetic resonance imaging2020

    • Author(s)
      Katsushima Takafumi、Adachi Satoru、Yamaguchi Satoru、Ozeki Toshihiro、Kumakura Toshiro
    • Journal Title

      Cold Regions Science and Technology

      Volume: 170 Pages: 102956-102956

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.102956

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] X線マイクロCTを用いた3次元形状指数による積雪粒子の形状記述2020

    • Author(s)
      勝島隆史、安達聖、尾関俊浩
    • Organizer
      雪氷研究大会(2020・オンライン)
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 圧縮センシングを用いた雪氷用MRIによる湿雪試料の撮像法の比較2020

    • Author(s)
      安達聖、勝島隆史
    • Organizer
      雪氷研究大会(2020・オンライン)
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 積雪内部のキャピラリーバリアがフィンガー流の広がりに与える影響2020

    • Author(s)
      勝島隆史、安達聖、山口悟、尾関俊浩、熊倉俊郎
    • Organizer
      雪氷北信越
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 自然積雪の3次元間隙構造に基づくフィンガー流の数値計算の試み2019

    • Author(s)
      勝島隆史、安達聖、山口悟、尾関俊浩、熊倉俊郎
    • Organizer
      雪氷北信越
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 3DWSを用いた間隙径計測に基づく雪の水分特性曲線の導出2019

    • Author(s)
      安達聖、勝島隆史、山口悟、尾関俊浩
    • Organizer
      雪氷研究大会(2019・山形)
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 自然積雪の3次元間隙構造に基づくフィンガー流と止水面の数値計算手法の開発2019

    • Author(s)
      勝島隆史、安達聖、山口悟、尾関俊浩、熊倉俊郎
    • Organizer
      雪氷研究大会(2019・山形)
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] X線μCTデータの3DWSを用いた粒径計測手法の提案2019

    • Author(s)
      安達聖、勝島隆史
    • Organizer
      雪氷研究大会(2019・山形)
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Remarks] 季刊森林総研 No.47 雪の研究

    • URL

      https://www.ffpri.affrc.go.jp/pubs/kikan/kikan-47.html

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report

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Published: 2019-04-18   Modified: 2024-01-30  

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