Development of the parameterization of sea ice deformation processes based on the year-round comprehensive data in the Arctic Ocean

• Project/Area Number: 19K12304
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 63010:Environmental dynamic analysis-related
• Research Institution: Hokkaido University
• Principal Investigator: Toyota Takenobu 北海道大学, 低温科学研究所, 助教 (80312411)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 木村 詞明 東京大学, 大気海洋研究所, 特任研究員 (20374647)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2021)
• Budget Amount: ¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000); Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
• Keywords: 海氷力学過程 / 北極海 / リモートセンシング / レオロジー / パラメタリゼーション / 海氷漂流速度 / 数値海氷モデル / 氷厚分布

Outline of Research at the Start

本研究の目的は、北極海国際観測プロジェクト（MOSAiC、2019年10月から約一年間）で得られるサブグリッドスケールの海氷速度や氷厚分布等のデータを衛星から得られる広域のデータと組み合わせて解析することにより、季節海氷域化が進む北極海における海氷力学過程の理解を改善するとともに、数値海氷モデルにおける海氷の変形過程のパラメタリゼーションの手法を開発してモデルの精度向上に資することである。衛星データをより有効に活用するために、季節を通して現場データとの比較検証を実施してその季節依存性も探求する予定である。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

To improve the accuracy of numerical sea ice models for the Arctic Ocean, the parameterization of deformation processes was examined, based on the in-situ and satellite observations. Due to the limited availability of the Arctic project data and the difficulty in applying the algorithm of detecting deformed ice which was developed for the Okhotsk ice to the Arctic Ocean, the research design was modified to the investigation of the deformation processes for the Sea of Okhotsk as a typical seasonal ice zone. The results show that the sea ice rheology which has been adopted in many numerical sea ice models was justified to reproduce the real deformed ice to some extent, and suggest the self-similar properties of deformation in the wide range of horizontal scales, based on the measurements of size distribution of floes smatter than 10 m. These results are expected to be applied for the Arctic Ocean where the fraction of seasonal ice zone is increasing.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

現在の気候モデルでは北極海の海氷の急激な減少傾向がまだ的確には再現されておらず、モデルの改善が必要とされている。本研究は海氷の変形過程に焦点を当てて、北極海で実施された観測プロジェクトのデータ等を利用して変形氷域の時間発展の実態から変形過程のパラメタリゼーションの開発を志した。北極海データの利用が限られた現状に鑑み、対象海域をオホーツク海に変更して衛星や現場で取得した観測データに基づいて吟味した結果、従来のパラメタリゼーションの手法を適切に用いれば、変形氷の発達の様子を季節内および経年変動で捉えられることなどが示された。今後、季節海氷域化が進む北極海への適用が期待される。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Observations of ice cakes with a drone in the southern Sea of Okhotsk (2022)
  • Author(s): Toyota, T., Y. Arihara, T. Waseda, M. Ito, J. Nishioka
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of the 36th International Symposium on Okhotsk Sea & Polar Oceans 2022 Volume: 36 Pages: 237-240
• [Journal Article] Evaluation of ship resistance in ice regime using ice chart (2022)
  • Author(s): Uto, S., T. Toyota
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of the 36th International Symposium on Okhotsk Sea & Polar Oceans 2022 Volume: 36 Pages: 124-127
• [Journal Article] Measuring Deformed Sea Ice in Seasonal Ice Zones Using L-Band SAR Images (2021)
  • Author(s): Toyota Takenobu、Ishiyama Junno、Kimura Noriaki
  • Journal Title: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing Volume: 59 Issue: 11 Pages: 9361-9381
  • DOI: 10.1109/tgrs.2020.3043335
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Spectral degree of linear polarization and neutral points of polarization in snow and ice surface (2021)
  • Author(s): Tanikawa, T., K. Masuda, H. Ishimoto, T. Aoki, M. Hori, M. Niwano, A. Hachikubo, S. Matoba, K. Sugiura, T. Toyota, N. Ohkawara, and K. Stamnes
  • Journal Title: J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. Volume: 273 Pages: 107845-107845
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2021.107845
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] 氷点下の気温での散水による線路積雪の飛沫防止に向けての改良実験 (2021)
  • Author(s): 鎧坂勝則、川田充洋、豊田威信、松田益義
  • Journal Title: 雪氷 Volume: 83 Pages: 599-608
  • NAID: 130008160401
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Improved representation of Arctic sea ice velocity field in ocean?sea ice models based on satellite observations (2021)
  • Author(s): Toyoda Takahiro、Kimura Noriaki、Urakawa L. Shogo、Tsujino Hiroyuki、Nakano Hideyuki、Sakamoto Kei、Yamanaka Goro、Komatsu Kensuke K.、Matsumura Yoshimasa、Kawaguchi Yusuke
  • Journal Title: Climate Dynamics Volume: 57 Issue: 9-10 Pages: 2863-2887
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00382-021-05843-4
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Overwinter sea-ice characteristics important for Antarctic krill recruitment in the southwest Atlantic (2021)
  • Author(s): Veytia Devi、Bestley Sophie、Kawaguchi So、Meiners Klaus M.、Murphy Eugene J.、Fraser Alexander D.、Kusahara Kazuya、Kimura Noriaki、Corney Stuart
  • Journal Title: Ecological Indicators Volume: 129 Pages: 107934-107934
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107934
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Mechanism of ice-band pattern formation caused by resonant interaction between sea ice and internal waves in a continuously stratified ocean (2021)
  • Author(s): Saiki Ryu、Mitsudera Humio、Fujisaki-Manome Ayumi、Kimura Noriaki、Ukita Jinro、Toyota Takenobu、Nakamura Tomohiro
  • Journal Title: Progress in Oceanography Volume: 190 Pages: 102474-102474
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102474
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Solidification effects of snowfall on sea-ice freeze-up: results from an onsite experimental study (2020)
  • Author(s): Toyota Takenobu、Ono Takashi、Tanikawa Tomonori、Wongpan Pat、Nomura Daiki
  • Journal Title: Annals of Glaciology Volume: 61 Issue: 83 Pages: 1-10
  • DOI: 10.1017/aog.2020.49
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Response to Sea Ice Melt Indicates High Seeding Potential of the Ice Diatom Thalassiosira to Spring Phytoplankton Blooms: A Laboratory Study on an Ice Algal Community From the Sea of Okhotsk (2020)
  • Author(s): Yan Dong、Yoshida Kazuhiro、Nishioka Jun、Ito Masato、Toyota Takenobu、Suzuki Koji
  • Journal Title: Frontiers in Marine Science Volume: 7
  • DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00613
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Using under-ice hyperspectral transmittance to determine land-fast sea-ice algal biomass in Saroma-ko Lagoon, Hokkaido, Japan (2020)
  • Author(s): Wongpan Pat、Nomura Daiki、Toyota Takenobu、Tanikawa Tomonori、Meiners Klaus M.、Ishino Tomomi、Tamura Tetsuya P.、Tozawa Manami、Nosaka Yuichi、Hirawake Toru、Ooki Atsushi、Aoki Shigeru
  • Journal Title: Annals of Glaciology Volume: 61 Issue: 83 Pages: 1-10
  • DOI: 10.1017/aog.2020.69
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Differences in diversity and photoprotection capability between ice algae and under-ice phytoplankton in Saroma-Ko Lagoon, Japan: a comparative taxonomic diatom analysis with microscopy and DNA barcoding (2020)
  • Author(s): Yoshida Kazuhiro、Hattori Hiroshi、Toyota Takenobu、McMinn Andrew、Suzuki Koji
  • Journal Title: Polar Biology Volume: 43 Issue: 11 Pages: 1873-1885
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02751-x
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Temporal and spatial change in the relationship between sea-ice motion and wind in the Arctic (2020)
  • Author(s): Maeda Ken、Kimura Noriaki、Yamaguchi Hajime
  • Journal Title: Polar Research Volume: 39
  • DOI: 10.33265/polar.v39.3370
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Unusual drift behaviour of multi-year sea ice in the Beaufort Sea during summer 2018 (2020)
  • Author(s): Kimura Noriaki、Tateyama Kazutaka、Sato Kazutoshi、Krishfield Richard A.、Yamaguchi Hajime
  • Journal Title: Polar Research Volume: 39 Issue: 0
  • DOI: 10.33265/polar.v39.3617
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Sea ice observation with oceanographic HF Radar (2020)
  • Author(s): Zhang, W., N. Ebuchi, Y. Fukamachi, F. Cheng, K.I. Ohshima, B.M. Emery, T. Toyota, H. Abe, and K. Shirasawa
  • Journal Title: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing Volume: 58 Issue: 1 Pages: 378-390
  • DOI: 10.1109/tgrs.2019.2936576
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Saroma-ko Lagoon Observations for sea ice Physico-chemistry and Ecosystems 2019 (SLOPE2019) (2020)
  • Author(s): Nomura, D., P. Wongpan, T. Toyota, T. Tanikawa, Y. Kawaguchi, T. Ono, T. Ishino, M. Tozawa, T. P. Tamura, I. S. Yabe, E. Y. Son, F. Vivier, A. Lourenco, M. Lebrun, Y. Nosaka, T. Hirawake, A. OOKI, S. Aoki, B. Else, F. Fripiat, J. Inoue, and M. Vancoppenolle
  • Journal Title: Bulletin of Glaciological Research Volume: 38 Issue: 0 Pages: 1-12
  • DOI: 10.5331/bgr.19R02
  • NAID: 130007822743
  • ISSN: 1345-3807, 1884-8044
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Observations of ice cakes with a drone in the southern Sea of Okhotsk (2022)
  • Author(s): Toyota, T., Y. Arihara, T. Waseda, M. Ito, J. Nishioka
  • Organizer: The 36th International Symposium on the Okhotsk Sea & Polar Oceans
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Evaluation of ship resistance in ice regime using ice chart (2022)
  • Author(s): Uto, S., T. Toyota
  • Organizer: The 36th International Symposium on the Okhotsk Sea & Polar Oceans
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Resent change of sea-ice age distribution in the Arctic (2022)
  • Author(s): Kimura, N., H. Hasumi, M. Oyama, H. Yamaguchi
  • Organizer: The 36th International Symposium on the Okhotsk Sea and Polar Oceans
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] オホーツク海南部の海 氷量の年々変動特性とその要因 (2021)
  • Author(s): 豊田威信、木村詞明、西岡純、伊藤優人、野村大樹、三寺史夫
  • Organizer: 日本海洋学会2021年度秋季大会
• [Presentation] Validation of the algorithm with L-band SAR data for detecting deformed sea ice area in the Arctic Ocean (2021)
  • Author(s): Toyota, T., C. Haas, G. Spreen
  • Organizer: The 7th ALOS-2 PI Workshop
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The interannual variability of the ice conditions in the southern Sea of Okhotsk and its likely factors (2021)
  • Author(s): Toyota, T., N. Kimura, J. Nishioka, M. Ito, D. Nomura, H. Mitsudera
  • Organizer: American Geophysical Union 2021 Fall Meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Interannual variability of sea-ice age distribution in the Arctic (2021)
  • Author(s): Kimura, N., H. Hasumi, M. Oyama, H. Yamaguchi
  • Organizer: The 12th Symposium on Polar Science
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 北極海における海氷年齢分布の変化 (2021)
  • Author(s): 木村詞明、羽角博康、大山元夢、山口一
  • Organizer: 日本気象学会2021年度秋季大会
• [Presentation] Validation of the algorithm with L-band SAR data for detecting deformed sea ice area in the Arctic Ocean (2021)
  • Author(s): Toyota, T., C. Haas, G. Spreen
  • Organizer: The Joint PI Meeting of JAXA Earth Observation Missions FY2020
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The interannual variability of the ice conditions in the southern Sea of Okhotsk and its likely factors (2021)
  • Author(s): Toyota, T., N. Kimura, J. Nishioka, M. Ito, D. Nomura, H. Mitsudera
  • Organizer: Joint Seminar on Mombetsu Sea Ice Symposium 2021 ~ focusing on the Okhotsk Sea and Polar Oceans ~
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 合成開口レーダーを用いた変形氷抽出の試み (2021)
  • Author(s): 豊田威信
  • Organizer: ArCS II 北極海航路課題・2020 年度報告会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 降雪が結氷初期の海氷凍結過 程に及ぼす影響について (2020)
  • Author(s): 豊田威信、小野貴司、谷川朋範、Pat Wongpan、野村大樹
  • Organizer: 日本海洋学会2020年度秋季大会
• [Presentation] Measuring deformed sea ice area in seasonal ice zones using L-band SAR images (2020)
  • Author(s): Toyota, T., J. Ishiyama, N. Kimura
  • Organizer: The 11th Symposium on Polar Science
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Algorithm to detect deformed sea ice area in seasonal ice zones using L-band SAR images (2020)
  • Author(s): Toyota, T., J. Ishiyama, N. Kimura
  • Organizer: American Geophysical Union 2020 Fall Meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Year-round Satellite Multi Frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar Observations During the MOSAiC Expedition (2020)
  • Author(s): Singha, S., G. Spreen, T. Krumpen, M.W. Davidson, S. Sobue, S. Howell, R. Kwok, M. Jose, S. Zeccetto, L. Frulla, H. C. Kim, M. Battagliere, T. Toyota, E. Schwarz
  • Organizer: American Geophysical Union 2020 Fall Meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Summary of the medium-range forecast of the Arctic sea ice (2020)
  • Author(s): Kimura, N., H. Hasumi, H. Yamaguchi
  • Organizer: The 11th Symposium on Polar Science
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Validation of the algorithm with L-band SAR data for detecting deformed sea ice area in the Arctic Ocean (2020)
  • Author(s): Toyota, T., C. Haas, and G. Spreen
  • Organizer: The Joint PI meeting of JAXA Earth Observation Missions FY2019
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Analysis of the trajectory and history of drifting sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic (2020)
  • Author(s): Kimura, N., and H. Hasumi
  • Organizer: International Symposium on Okhotsk Sea and Polar Oceans
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] On the possibility of detecting deformed sea ice area in the seasonal ice zone with ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 (2020)
  • Author(s): Toyota, T., J. Ishiyama, N. Kimura
  • Organizer: Sixth International Symposium on Arctic Research (online meeting due to cancellation)
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] A new way to derive the sea ice thickness from satellite observation data (2020)
  • Author(s): Kimura, N., and H. Hasumi
  • Organizer: Sixth International Symposium on Arctic Research (online meeting due to cancellation)
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Retrieval of Deformed Sea Ice Area in the Southern Sea of Okhotsk Using Satellite L-band SAR Images (2019)
  • Author(s): Toyota, T. and J. Ishiyama
  • Organizer: 2019 Living Planet Symposium
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Retrieval of Deformed Sea Ice Area in the Seasonal Ice Zone Using Satellite L-band SAR Images (2019)
  • Author(s): Toyota, T. and J. Ishiyama
  • Organizer: International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics General Assembly
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Application of ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 for detecting sea-ice-surface features in the seasonal ice zone” (2019)
  • Author(s): Toyota, T., and J. Ishiyama
  • Organizer: International Glaciological Society 2019 Sea Ice Symposium
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Sea-ice thickness and volume in the Sea of Okhotsk estimated on the basis of ICESat and CryoSat-2 data (2019)
  • Author(s): Nihashi, S., N. T. Kurtz, and T. Toyota
  • Organizer: International Glaciological Society 2019 Sea Ice Symposium
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] First-year-sea-ice thickness in the Weddell Sea from microwave backscatter (2019)
  • Author(s): Fraser, A., N. Ramm, J. Cartwright, N. Kimura, R. Massom, T. Toyota, and P. Heil
  • Organizer: International Glaciological Society 2019 Sea Ice Symposium
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] New high-resolution sea-ice floe-size distribution results from US Geological Survey LIDP imagery (2019)
  • Author(s): Hwang, B., and T. Toyota
  • Organizer: International Glaciological Society 2019 Sea Ice Symposium
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 巡視船「そうや」の観測を通して見えてきたオホーツク海海氷の特性 (2019)
  • Author(s): 豊田威信
  • Organizer: 環オホーツクシンポジウム
• [Presentation] 雪が結氷初期の海氷成長に及ぼす影響について －サロマ湖における観測の事例解析－ (2019)
  • Author(s): 豊田威信、小野貴司、谷川朋範、Pat Wongpan、野村大樹
  • Organizer: 雪氷研究大会
• [Presentation] 南北両半球における海氷の履歴情報マッピング (2019)
  • Author(s): 木村詞明、羽角博康
  • Organizer: 日本海洋学会秋季大会