Martian organics have still preserved in Black Beauty?

• Project/Area Number: 19K14780
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Review Section: Basic Section 17010:Space and planetary sciences-related
• Research Institution: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (2020-2022); The University of Tokyo (2019)
• Principal Investigator: Suga Hiroki 公益財団法人高輝度光科学研究センター, 分光推進室, 研究員 (70827568)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-04-01 – 2023-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
• Budget Amount: ¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000); Fiscal Year 2022: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000); Fiscal Year 2021: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
• Keywords: 火星隕石 / 有機物 / 水-岩石相互作用 / STXM / STEM / NanoSIMS / SFXM / 顕微分光 / 水岩石相互作用 / 有機物-無機物相互作用 / 水惑星 / TEM / 放射光 / 有機無機相互作用 / 火星 / 化学種分析

Outline of Research at the Start

火星表層には様々な有機物が存在している。有機物は生命の発生・進化に必要不可欠な物質であるが、火星表層でのこれらの起源は未だ明確でない。火星隕石NWA 7034 (通称Black Beauty) は火星表層の堆積岩が隕石として地球に飛来したものであり、火星の有機物を含んでいることが示唆されている。本研究では、申請者が構築したX線・電子線・イオンビームを用いた複合顕微分析手法を用いて有機物をより詳細に分析し、(1)Black Beauty中の有機物の官能基組成・炭素/窒素/水素同位体比・共存鉱物との共進化過程を明らかにし、(2)火星表層を覆う有機物の起源を解き明かすことを目的とした研究を展開する。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

This study aims to find organic matter derived from the Martian surface in the Martian basaltic breccia meteorite called Black Beauty (NWA 7034) to elucidate its formation and evolution processes. Meteorite samples polished under organic contamination-controlled conditions were analyzed by the combined microanalytical techniques based on SEM-FIB-STXM-TEM-NanoSIMS to obtain the morphology, distribution, chemical composition, and isotopes of organic matter in the Black Beauty. As a result, organic matter was found in two distributions: encapsulated in mineral grains and isolated distribution in the matrix. Those in minerals showed characteristics of organic matter thought to originate from volcanic activity on Mars, similar to the MMC found in the SNC meteorites. On the other hand, the organic matter in the matrix was considered to be Martian surface-related organics isotopically; they contained fine minerals formed by the aqueous alteration process in the Martian surface environment.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

過去には水が疑いなく存在したとされる火星における有機物の存在やその特徴付けは、火星での生命発生の可能性を探る手掛かりであり、今後の生命存在可能性（ハビタビリティー）を議論する上でも非常に重要な知見となる。本研究が国際誌に掲載されれば、「火星の表層同位体情報を有する有機物を火星隕石から明確に見つけ出して特徴づけした」世界で初めての成果となる。また将来、火星表層試料が地球へ帰還して実験室や放射光施設で詳細な分析が行われた際には、本研究で特徴づけられたマトリクス中の有機物（δ13C = 15 ± 7 ‰、δD = 373 ± 68 ‰）が実際の帰還試料から見つかってくるだろう。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples (2023)
  • Author(s): Nakamura T.、Matsumoto M.、Amano K.、Enokido Y.、Zolensky M. E.、Mikouchi T.、Genda H.、Tanaka S.、Zolotov M. Y.、Kurosawa K. .. Yabuta H. ... et al.
  • Journal Title: Science Volume: 379 Issue: 6634 Pages: 8671-8671
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.abn8671
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] High-sensitive XANES analysis at Ce L2-edge for Ce in bauxites using transition-edge sensors: Implications for Ti-rich geological samples (2023)
  • Author(s): Li Wenshuai、Yamada Shinya、et al.
  • Journal Title: Analytica Chimica Acta Volume: 1240 Pages: 340755-340755
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340755
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Macromolecular organic matter in samples of the asteroid (162173) Ryugu (2023)
  • Author(s): Yabuta Hikaru、Cody George D.、Engrand Cecile、Kebukawa Yoko、De Gregorio Bradley、Bonal Lydie、Remusat Laurent、Stroud Rhonda、Quirico Eric、Nittler Larry、Hashiguchi Minako、Komatsu Mutsumi et al.
  • Journal Title: Science Volume: 379 Issue: 6634 Pages: 9057-9057
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.abn9057
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Chemical composition of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu from synchrotron spectroscopy in the mid- to far-infrared of Hayabusa2-returned samples (2023)
  • Author(s): Dartois Emmanuel、Kebukawa Yoko、Yabuta Hikaru、Mathurin Jeremie、Engrand Cecile、Duprat Jean、Bejach Laure、Dazzi Alexandre、Deniset-Besseau Ariane、Bonal Lydie、Quirico Eric et al.
  • Journal Title: Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume: 671 Pages: A2-A2
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202244702
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Presolar Stardust in Asteroid Ryugu (2022)
  • Author(s): Barosch Jens、Nittler Larry R.、Wang Jianhua、O’D. Alexander Conel M.、De Gregorio Bradley T.、Engrand Cecile、Kebukawa Yoko、Nagashima Kazuhide、Stroud Rhonda M.、Yabuta Hikaru et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Letters Volume: 935 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-12
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac83bd
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Elucidation of impact event recorded in the lherzolitic shergottite NWA 7397 (2021)
  • Author(s): Yoshida Masashi、Miyahara Masaaki、Suga Hiroki、Yamaguchi Akira、Tomioka Naotaka、Sakai Takeshi、Ohfuji Hiroaki、Maeda Fumiya、Ohira Itaru、Ohtani Eiji、Kamada Seiji、Ohigashi Takuji、Inagaki Yuichi、Kodama Yu、Hirao Naohisa
  • Journal Title: Meteoritics & Planetary Science Volume: 56 Issue: 9 Pages: 1729-1743
  • DOI: 10.1111/maps.13735
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] A New Constraint on the Physicochemical Condition of Mars Surface during the Amazonian Epoch Based on Chemical Speciation for Secondary Minerals in Martian Nakhlites (2021)
  • Author(s): Suga Hiroki、Suzuki Keika、Usui Tomohiro、Yamaguchi Akira、Sekizawa Oki、Nitta Kiyofumi、Takeichi Yasuo、Ohigashi Takuji、Takahashi Yoshio
  • Journal Title: Minerals Volume: 11 Issue: 5 Pages: 514-514
  • DOI: 10.3390/min11050514
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Broadband high-energy resolution hard x-ray spectroscopy using transition edge sensors at SPring-8 (2021)
  • Author(s): Yamada Shinya、Ichinohe Yuto、et al.
  • Journal Title: Review of Scientific Instruments Volume: 92 Issue: 1 Pages: 013103-013103
  • DOI: 10.1063/5.0020642
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Formation of various-axes-oriented wurtzite nuclei and enlargement of the a-axis-oriented region in AlFeN films deposited on Si(100) substrates (2021)
  • Author(s): Imada Saki、Isshiki Toshiyuki、Tatemizo Nobuyuki、Nishio Koji、Mamishin Shuichi、Suzuki Yuya、Ito Katsuji、Nitta Kiyofumi、Sekizawa Oki、Suga Hiroki、Tamenori Yusuke
  • Journal Title: Materials Advances Volume: in print Issue: 12 Pages: 4075-4080
  • DOI: 10.1039/d0ma01026j
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] An Another Protocol to Make Sulfur Embedded Ultrathin Sections of Extraterrestrial Small Samples (2020)
  • Author(s): Noguchi Takaaki、Takase Minako、Matsumoto Rikako、Kebukawa Yoko、Suga Hiroki、Kondo Masashi、Takahashi Yoshio、Takeichi Yasuo、Yabuta Hikaru
  • Journal Title: Life Volume: 10 Issue: 8 Pages: 135-135
  • DOI: 10.3390/life10080135
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Characteristics of CaCO3 nucleated around cyanobacteria: Implications for calcification process (2020)
  • Author(s): Shiraishi Fumito、Omori Takeru、Tomioka Naotaka、Motai Satoko、Suga Hiroki、Takahashi Yoshio
  • Journal Title: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Volume: 285 Pages: 55-69
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2020.06.033
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Reactor environment during the Fukushima nuclear accident inferred from radiocaesium-bearing microparticles (2020)
  • Author(s): Okumura Taiga、Yamaguchi Noriko、Suga Hiroki、Takahashi Yoshio、Segawa Hiroyo、Kogure Toshihiro
  • Journal Title: Scientific Reports Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-9
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58464-y
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Primordial organic matter in the xenolithic clast in the Zag H chondrite: Possible relation to D/P asteroids (2020)
  • Author(s): Kebukawa Yoko、Zolensky Michael E.、Ito Motoo、Ogawa Nanako O.、Takano Yoshinori、Ohkouchi Naohiko、Nakato Aiko、Suga Hiroki、Takeichi Yasuo、Takahashi Yoshio、Kobayashi Kensei
  • Journal Title: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Volume: 271 Pages: 61-77
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2019.12.012
  • NAID: 120006796066
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] フランボイダルパイライトへのヒ素の集積 (2020)
  • Author(s): 橋本洋平，小林和樹，菅大暉 武市泰男，高橋嘉夫
  • Journal Title: PHOTON FACTORY NEWS Volume: 37 Pages: 15-18
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Presentation] Sulfur-XANES of intact Ryugu grains and the isolated IOM (2022)
  • Author(s): H. Suga, Y. Tamenori, H. Yabuta, H. Yurimoto, T. Nakamura, T. Noguchi, R. Okazaki, H. Naraoka, K. Sakamoto, S. Tachibana, S. Watanabe, Y. Tsuda, and the Hayabusa2-initial-analysis IOM team
  • Organizer: Hayabusa 2022 Symposium
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 地球惑星科学試料分析に最適な新たなX線顕微鏡の紹介とその実分析結果の報告 (2022)
  • Author(s): 菅 大暉、関澤 央輝、安武 正展、山添 康介、大浦 正樹、為則 雄祐
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2022年大会 (Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2022)
• [Presentation] Hayabusa2 Initial Analysis of Macromolecular Organic Matter in the Asteroid Ryugu Samples (2022)
  • Author(s): 薮田 ひかる、Cody George、Engrand Cecile、癸生川 陽子、De Gregorio Brad、Bona lLydie、Remusat Laurent、Stroud Rhonda、Quirico Eric、Nittler Larry、橋口 未奈子、小松 睦美、Dartois Emmanuel、他 (菅 大暉は27番目に記載)
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2022年大会 (Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2022)
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 放射光X線顕微鏡を駆使して火星隕石の変質史を紐解く (2021)
  • Author(s): 菅 大暉
  • Organizer: 第68回応用物理学会春季講演会（招待講演）
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 高エネ研フォトンファクトリーにおける水惑星STXMを用いたリュウグウサンプルへの準備：模擬物質分析結果の報告 (2020)
  • Author(s): 菅 大暉、菊池 早希子、丹 秀也、山下 翔平、武市 泰男、若林 大佑、木村 正雄、高橋 嘉夫、関根 康人
  • Organizer: JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Aqueous alteration in the nakhlites Y 000802 (2020)
  • Author(s): 中村 綾花、宮原 正明、菅 大暉、山口 亮、若林 大佑、山下 翔平、武市 泰男、高橋 嘉夫、大谷 栄治
  • Organizer: JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 地球外試料中の粘土鉱物に対する新たな鉱物学的キャラクタリゼーション法の開発 (2020)
  • Author(s): 井上 皓介、福士 圭介、森田 康暉、菅 大暉、高橋 嘉夫
  • Organizer: JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] X線顕微分析を用いて火星隕石から火星の水情報を引き出す (2020)
  • Author(s): 菅大暉
  • Organizer: 第67回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] The Preparation for Return Sample from Asteroid Ryugu by STXM at KEK-PF (2020)
  • Author(s): Hiroki Suga, Sakiko Kikuchi, Shuya Tan, Shohei Yamashita, Yasuo Takeichi, Daisuke Wakabayashi, Masao Kimura, Yoshio Takahashi, and Yasuhito Sekine
  • Organizer: Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2020
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Aqueous alteration in the nakhlite Y 000802 (2020)
  • Author(s): Ayaka Nakamura, Masaaki Miyahara, Hiroki Suga, Akira Yamaguchi, Wakabayashi Daisuke, Shohei Yamashita, Yasuo Takeichi, Yoshio Takahashi, Eiji Ohtani
  • Organizer: Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2020
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Development of novel characterization method for extraterrestrial clay mineral (2020)
  • Author(s): Kosuke Inoue, Keisuke Fukushi, Koki Morida, Hiroki Suga, and Yoshio Takahashi
  • Organizer: Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2020
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] STXM を基盤としたサブマイクロスケール顕微分析プロトコルとその応用 (2019)
  • Author(s): 菅大暉
  • Organizer: J-DESC Workshop “Scientific Ocean Drilling beyond 2023” 「科学掘削の未来: 2023年からその先へ」
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] 希土類元素のK・L 吸収端へのXAFS 分析の試み: 高エネルギーXAFSと超伝導転移端センサー検出器 (TES) を用いた分析との比較 (2019)
  • Author(s): 菅大暉、長澤真、関澤央輝、山田真也、早川亮大、大井かなえ、須田博貴、竜野秀行、岡田信二、 奥村拓馬、橋本直、一戸悠人、林佑、今井悠喜、野田博文、 神代暁、宇留賀朋哉、高橋嘉夫
  • Organizer: 2019年度日本地球化学会第66回年会
• [Presentation] Photon Factory BL-19: a new STXM beamline with wide energy range for Aquaplanetology (2019)
  • Author(s): Keisuke Fukushi, Yasuo Takeichi, Hiroki Suga, Yoko Kebukawa, Daisuke Wakabayashi, Shohei Yamashita, Masao Kimura, and Yoshio Takahashi
  • Organizer: Asteroid Science in the Age of Hayabusa2 and OSIRIS-REx Workshop
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 超伝導転移端センサー検出器(TES)を用いた蛍光XAFS法による地球化学・環境化学試料中の微量元素の化学種解析 (2019)
  • Author(s): 高橋嘉夫, 山田真也, 関澤央輝, 板井啓明, 田中雅人, 栗原雄一, 柏原輝彦, 坂田昂平, 三浦輝, 栗栖美菜子, 長澤真, 早川亮大, 大井かなえ, 須田博貴, 竜野秀行, 岡田信二, 奥村拓馬, 橋本直, 一戸悠人, 林佑, 今井悠喜, 野田博文, 神代暁, 宇留賀朋哉, 菅大暉
  • Organizer: 2019年度日本地球化学会第66回年会
• [Presentation] 地球外試料中のスメクタイトに対する新たな鉱物学的キャラクタリゼーション法の開発 (2019)
  • Author(s): 井上 皓介, 福士 圭介, 森田 康揮, 菅 大暉, 高橋 嘉夫
  • Organizer: 2019年度日本地球化学会第66回年会
• [Book] 生命起源の事典 （印刷中） (2020)
  • Author(s): 宮原正明、菅大暉（第3章22節「火星隕石の有機物」分担執筆）
  • Total Pages: 400
  • Publisher: 朝倉書店