| Budget Amount *help |
¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥260,000 (Direct Cost: ¥200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥60,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
A set order of succession can be observed when multiple sentence-final particles (SFPs) are used together in Late Early Modern Edo Japanese. We can break Edo Japanese SFPs into three groups (A,B,C) based on their behavior when co-occurring with other SFPs. Group A SFPs (ka, wa, ze, zo) always come first in a chain of SFPs. Group B SFPs (ya, yo, i, sa, na) can both precede and follow other SFPs in a chain. Finally, group C SFPs (no, ne, e, su) always come at the end of a SFP chain. When SFPs from the three groups are used together as compound particles, they always occur in the order A > B > C, demonstrating a hierarchical structure of SFPs in Edo Japanese.
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