| Project/Area Number |
19K21003
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| Project/Area Number (Other) |
18H05811 (2018)
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund (2019)
Single-year Grants (2018) |
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| Review Section |
0110:Psychology and related fields
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| Research Institution | Kyoto University |
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Principal Investigator |
Wilson Duncan 京都大学, 霊長類研究所, 非常勤研究員 (20828925)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2018-08-24 – 2020-03-31
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2019)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,860,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥660,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
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| Keywords | Chimpanzees / Humans / Evolution / Attentional bias / Facial expression / Threat / Dot probe task / Visual search task / emotional attention / humans / chimpanzees / dot probe task |
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| Outline of Research at the Start |
This project will evaluate the effectiveness of the dot-probe task to compare emotional attention in humans and chimpanzees. The first study will measure touchscreen responses to allow direct comparison of attention towards emotional stimuli (facial expressions) between the two species. The second study will compare direct (initial gaze fixation with eye-tracking) and indirect (touchscreen response times) measures of attention. Evaluating if touchscreen responses accurately reflect spatial attention will reveal the effectiveness of the task at comparing emotional attention in the two species.
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The dot probe task compared attentional orientation towards emotional faces in chimpanzees and humans. Both species showed no attentional bias towards threatening versus neutral faces. This suggested that the task was not so effective at measuring emotional attention. However, a visual search task provided the first demonstration of an attentional bias towards threatening faces in chimpanzees, with more efficient search for threatening than neutral face targets. This was due to greater difficulty in disengaging attention from threatening face distractors, consistent with human research. The visual search task appeared to be more effective at measuring emotional attention.
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
The project revealed that chimpanzees give attentional priority to threatening faces at a relatively later stage of processing. This suggests a bias towards threatening faces is a shared characteristic, which can be traced back to at least the last common ancestor between Old World monkeys and apes.
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