Experimental Validation of "the Garakuta World" Hypothesis for Origins of Life
Project/Area Number |
19K21895
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Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)
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Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
Review Section |
Medium-sized Section 17:Earth and planetary science and related fields
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Research Institution | Yokohama National University |
Principal Investigator |
Kobayashi Kensei 横浜国立大学, 大学院工学研究院, 名誉教授 (20183808)
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Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
三田 肇 福岡工業大学, 工学部, 教授 (00282301)
癸生川 陽子 横浜国立大学, 大学院工学研究院, 准教授 (70725374)
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Project Period (FY) |
2019-06-28 – 2022-03-31
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Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2021)
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Budget Amount *help |
¥6,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥2,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥600,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥3,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥900,000)
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Keywords | 生命の起源 / がらくたワールド / アミノ酸前駆体 / 触媒機能 / 宇宙線 / 宇宙実験 / 地球外生命探査 / 触媒活性 / 紫外線 / 分子雲 / 太陽系小天体 / ホモキラリティー / 高分子態有機物 / 粒子線照射 |
Outline of Research at the Start |
従来の古典的な化学進化説では,小分子から少しずつ大きな分子が生成し,その後,機能が創出したと想定されてきた。本研究では,単純な分子の混合物に高エネルギー付与と急冷により微弱な化学機能をもつ多様な分子(がらくた分子)が一挙に生成し,その進化・選択により微弱な生命機能を有する分子群が生成するというシナリオ,「がらくたワールド説」の実験的検証を行う。一酸化炭素・アンモニアなどの模擬星間物質や模擬原始大気に粒子線を照射した時に生じた高分子態複雑分子(がらくた分子)の機能を調べ,それが種々の宇宙地球環境下で変成を受けた場合の機能の進化を調べる。
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Outline of Final Research Achievements |
It was conventionally supposed that chemical evolution toward the origin of life proceeded step by step. We found that complex molecules whose molecular weights were thousands were formed when a mixture of simple molecules such as CO and NH3 was irradiated with high energy particles. We named them garakuta molecules. Garakuta molecules contained amino acid precursors and molecules with catalytic activity. Stability of amino acid precursors in garakuta molecules were compared with free amino acids and simple amino acid precursors such as hydantoins by laboratory simulations and space experiments: Garakuta molecules were robust as amino acid precursors. It is difficult to find relics of prebiotic chemical evolution on the Earth. Thus it is necessary to make efforts to find it in extraterrestrial environments. We proposed to use catalytic activities for detection of extraterrestrial life or Garakuta World on other celestial bodies.
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Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
生命の起源研究は,オパーリンらによる化学進化仮説が有力で,1950年代以降は実験による検証も多数行われてきた。それらの前提として,まずは小分子が生成し,それらが徐々に繋がって大きい分子になったとする段階的生成説が主流であった。本研究において,高エネルギー粒子線が小分子に作用した場合に,分子量数千の有機分子が生成し,その中にアミノ酸前駆体や触媒機能を有する分子が含まれていることが証明された。このような高分子態有機物(がらくた分子)を経由する生命起源説はこれまでなく,生命起源研究にあらたな方向を示すものといえる。
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Report
(4 results)
Research Products
(112 results)
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[Journal Article] Space Exposure of Amino Acids and Their Precursors during the Tanpopo Mission2021
Author(s)
Kobayashi Kensei、Mita Hajime、Kebukawa Yoko、Nakagawa Kazumichi、Kaneko Takeo、Obayashi Yumiko、Sato Tomohito、Yokoo Takuya、Minematsu Saaya、Fukuda Hitoshi、Oguri Yoshiyuki、Yoda Isao、Yoshida Satoshi、Kanda Kazuhiro、Imai Eiichi、Yano Hajime、Hashimoto Hirofumi、Yokobori Shin-ichi、Yamagishi Akihiko
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Journal Title
Astrobiology
Volume: 21
Issue: 12
Pages: 1479-1493
DOI
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Peer Reviewed / Open Access
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[Presentation] たんぽぽ初号機成果概要2022
Author(s)
山岸明彦, 橋本博文, 矢野創,横堀伸一, 河口優子, 小林憲正, 三田, 藪田ひかる,東出真澄, 田端誠,河合秀幸, 今井栄一
Organizer
2021年度ISAS宇宙生命探査シンポジウム
Related Report
Invited
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[Presentation] たんぽぽおよびポストたんぽぽ2計画での有機物の捕集と曝露実験2022
Author(s)
三田肇,矢野創,左近樹,小林憲正, 癸生川陽子, 横谷香織,中川和道, 杉本学, Tetyana Milojevic, 山岸明彦, 横堀伸一,別所義隆,加藤浩,安倍智子, 遠藤いずみ, 木村駿太,オン碧, 大森正之, 藤田知道, 鈴木利貞,浅野眞希, 奥平恭子, 今井栄一, 浜瀬健司, 古庄仰, 中山美紀, 中島香織,白水まどか
Organizer
2021年度ISAS宇宙生命探査シンポジウム
Related Report
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[Presentation] The Rise and Development of Habitability Through Formation of Organic Compounds on the Early Earth via Solar Energetic Particles2022
Author(s)
K. Kobayashi, T. Udo, M. Kinoshita, K. Naito, S. Mouri, Y. Kebukawa, B. Kunwar, K. Kawamura, H. Fukuda, Y. Oguri, V. Airapetian
Organizer
Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2022
Related Report
Int'l Joint Research
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[Presentation] Ultracomplex Amino Acid Precursors Formed from Interstellar Media Analogs by High Energy Particles Irradiation2021
Author(s)
K. Kobayashi, S. Kuramoto, T. Sato, Y. Kebukawa, M. Nakayama, H. Mita, K. Kanda, H. Fukuda, Y. Oguri, S. Yoshida, H. Shibata
Organizer
COSPAR 2021
Related Report
Int'l Joint Research
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[Presentation] Space Exposure of Amino Acids and Amino Acid Precursors in the Tanpopo and the Tanpopo 2 Mission2021
Author(s)
K. Kobayashi, H. Mita, Y. Kebukawa, I. Sakon, K. Nakagawa, T. Yokoo, T. Sato, K. Terasawa, M. Nakayama, J. Takahashi, H. Shibata, S. Yoshida, I. Yoda, H. Fukuda, Y. Oguri6, K. Kanda, H. Hashimoto, S. Yokobori, A. Yamagishi and H. Yano
Organizer
COSPAR 2021
Related Report
Int'l Joint Research
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[Presentation] 太陽系小天体の表面過程の理解のための有機物の宇宙曝露実験2021
Author(s)
癸生川陽子,古賀優志,松岡萌,左近樹,小林憲正,伊藤元雄,山下翔平,武市泰男,高橋嘉夫,三田肇,矢野創
Organizer
日本地球化学会第65回年会
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[Presentation] Ultracomplex Amino Acid Precursors Formed from Interstellar Media Analogs by High Energy Particles Irradiation,2021
Author(s)
K. Kobayashi, S. Kuramoto, T. Sato, Y. Kebukawa, M. Nakayama, H. Mita, K. Kanda, H. Fukuda, Y. Oguri, S. Yoshida, H. Shibata
Organizer
COSPAR 2021
Related Report
Int'l Joint Research
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[Presentation] Space Exposure of Amino Acids and Amino Acid Precursors in the Tanpopo and the Tanpopo 2 Missions2021
Author(s)
K. Kobayashi, H. Mita, Y. Kebukawa, I. Sakon, K. Nakagawa, T. Yokoo, T. Sato, K. Terasawa, M. Nakayama, J. Takahashi, H. Shibata, S. Yoshida, I. Yoda, H. Fukuda, Y. Oguri, K. Kanda, H. Hashimoto, S. Yokobori, A. Yamagishi and H. Yano
Organizer
COSPAR 2021
Related Report
Int'l Joint Research
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[Presentation] たんぽぽ2~ダストから生命へ:2019-2020年の宇宙曝露運用と地球帰還後の科学分析計画2021
Author(s)
矢野創, 三田肇, 左近樹, 小林憲正, 癸生川陽子,横谷香織, 阿部智子, 新井和吉, 遠藤いずみ, 藤島皓介, 今井栄一, 加藤浩, 木村駿太, 中川和道, 奥平恭子, オン碧, 佐々木聰, 田端誠, 冨田勝, 山岸明彦
Organizer
第21回宇宙科学シンポジウム
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[Presentation] Stability of Amino Acids and Amino Acid Precursors in Space: Approaches Through Space Experiments (Tanpopo and Tanpopo 2) and Ground Simulation Experiments2020
Author(s)
K. Kobayashi, T. Sato, T. Yokoo, I. Sakon, H. Yano, M. Nakayama, H. Mita, H. Hashimoto, S. Yokobori, A. Yamagishi, S. Yoshida, I. Yoda, H. Fukuda, Y. Oguri, K. Kanda
Organizer
JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020
Related Report
Int'l Joint Research
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[Presentation] Third year results and current status of Tanpopo: Capture and exposure experiment of micrometeoroids and microbes on Exposure Facility of International Space Station2020
Author(s)
Akihiko Yamagishi, Hirofumi Hashimoto, Hajime Yano, Yuko Kawaguchi, Shin-ichi Yokobori , Kensei Kobayashi, Mita Hajime, Hikaru Yabuta, Masumi Higashide, Makoto Tabata, Eiichi Imai,
Organizer
JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020
Related Report
Int'l Joint Research
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[Presentation] Formation of Amino Acid Precursors in Slightly-Reducing Primitive Atmospheres by Solar Energetic Particles2019
Author(s)
K. Kobayashi, M. Kinoshita, S. Mouri, Y. Kebukawa, B. Kunwar, K. Kawamura, J. Takahashi, H. Shibata, H. Fukuda, Y. Oguri and V. S. Airapetian
Organizer
19th EANA Astrobiology Conference,
Related Report
Int'l Joint Research
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[Book] 太陽系と惑星 第2版2021
Author(s)
渡部潤一、井田 茂、佐々木晶編(分担執筆)
Total Pages
336
Publisher
日本評論社
ISBN
9784535607613
Related Report
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[Book] 地球外生命2021
Author(s)
小林 憲正
Total Pages
296
Publisher
中央公論新社
ISBN
9784121026767
Related Report
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[Book] 地球・惑星・生命2021
Author(s)
日本地球惑星科学連合編,井田茂,小林憲正,他
Total Pages
272
Publisher
東京大学出版会
ISBN
9784130637152
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