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Creation of fundamental and universal female and male concepts

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19K22446
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Medium-sized Section 45:Biology at organismal to population levels and anthropology, and related fields
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

Nozaki Hisayoshi  東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 特任研究員 (40250104)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 森 稔幸  大阪大学, 微生物病研究所, 助教 (00462739)
関本 弘之  日本女子大学, 理学部, 教授 (20281652)
三角 修己  山口大学, 大学院創成科学研究科, 准教授 (90583625)
Project Period (FY) 2019-06-28 – 2022-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2021)
Budget Amount *help
¥6,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥3,250,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥750,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥3,250,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥750,000)
Keywords進化 / 雌雄性 / 性 / GCS1 / 緑藻ボルボックス系列 / ミカヅキモ / マラリア原虫 / 紅藻シゾン / MID / メス / オス / 真核生物 / 雌雄性の起源 / 性決定遺伝子 / 配偶子融合因子 / GCS1/HAP2 / 生物多様性 / 真核生物起源 / 多様性
Outline of Research at the Start

性は20億年前の共通の起源に始まり、その後の雌雄性の未分化な同型配偶の交配型から「メスとオス」への進化は真核生物内部の多岐に渡る平行進化なので、「メス」と「オス」は統一的に定義できないと解釈される。しかし、2006年に研究分担者の森らが発見した配偶子融合因子GCS1は真核生物の多岐に渡る系統でオス側に機能の保存性がある。従って、様々な祖先的な真核生物を用いて、オスを決定していると思われる性決定遺伝子等とGCS1に関連した遺伝子制御系並びにこれらの多様性を明らかにしてゆけば、「性の原型」に基づく真核生物に普遍的であり根源的な「新たなるメスとオスの概念」を創出できると考えて、本研究は提案された。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Examination of the bisexual strain of the volvocine green alga Pleodorina demonstrated that production of male or female gametes was correlated with the increase or decrease, respectively, of expression of both MID/OTOKOGI and GCSI genes. This is a common characteristic of eukaryotes in which both genes embody females and males, and was also observed in the hermaphrodites. An effective transformation protocol of the sex-determining gene CpMinus1 in Closterium of the terrestrial plant lineage was established, and expression of the tag-protein of this gene was studied. We also initiated research on the epigenetic regulation of germline differentiation factors in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. In the red alga Cyanidioschizon culture, the transcript levels of Mind1 and Spo11 homologs involved in meiosis were increased 5.4- and 2.5-fold, respectively, compared to nitrogen-enrichedconditions, suggesting the presence of sex in the unicellular red algae.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究課題は「メス」と「オス」が同型配偶の原始的な性からそれぞれの真核生物の系統で「基本的に同じ原理」で進化したという作業仮説(図1)に基づく。この仮説が正しければ真核生物の根本原理に立脚した「新しいメスとオスの概念」が創出できると確信し、開始したが、オスとGCS1と転写型性決定遺伝子の普遍的な関係は緑色植物では明らかになった。更に今後、扱う生物によって細分化されていた性関連の学問体系を大きく統合・変革させ、「新しいメスとオスの概念」によって統一的に「性 (sex)」を扱う新体系に発展すると期待される。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2021 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2020 Research-status Report
  • 2019 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (39 results)

All 2022 2021 2020 2019 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (2 results) Journal Article (19 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 7 results,  Peer Reviewed: 19 results,  Open Access: 16 results) Presentation (16 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 4 results,  Invited: 4 results) Remarks (2 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] Donald Danforth Plant Science Center(米国)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] コンケン大学/カラシン大学(タイ)

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] Zygnematophycean algae: Possible models for cellular and evolutionary biology2022

    • Author(s)
      Ohtaka Kinuka、Sekimoto Hiroyuki
    • Journal Title

      Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

      Volume: - Pages: 59-68

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.042

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Three genomes in the algal genus Volvox reveal the fate of a haploid sex-determining region after a transition to homothallism2021

    • Author(s)
      Kayoko Yamamoto, Takashi Hamaji, Hiroko Kawai-Toyooka, Ryo Matsuzaki, Fumio Takahashi, Yoshiki Nishimura, Masanobu Kawachi, Hideki Noguchi, Yohei Minakuchi, James G. Umen, Atsushi Toyoda, Hisayoshi Nozaki
    • Journal Title

      The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

      Volume: 118 Issue: 21

    • DOI

      10.1073/pnas.2100712118

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Three sex phenotypes in a haploid algal species give insights into the evolutionary transition to a self-compatible mating system2021

    • Author(s)
      Kohei Takahashi, Hiroko Kawai-Toyooka, Ryo Ootsuki, Takashi Hamaji, Yuki Tsuchikane, Hiroyuki Sekimoto, Tetsuya Higashiyama, Hisayoshi Nozaki
    • Journal Title

      Evolution

      Volume: 75 Issue: 11 Pages: 2984-2993

    • DOI

      10.1111/evo.14306

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Highly efficient transformation of the model zygnematophycean alga <i>Closterium peracerosum‐strigosum‐littorale</i> complex by square‐pulse electroporation2021

    • Author(s)
      Kawai Junko、Kanazawa Manaki、Suzuki Rie、Kikuchi Nanako、Hayakawa Yasuhiko、Sekimoto Hiroyuki
    • Journal Title

      New Phytologist

      Volume: 233 Issue: 1 Pages: 569-578

    • DOI

      10.1111/nph.17763

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Pb103 Regulates Zygote/Ookinete Development in Plasmodium berghei via Double Zinc Finger Domains.2021

    • Author(s)
      Hirai M, Maeta A, Mori T and Mita T.
    • Journal Title

      Pathogens

      Volume: 10(12) Issue: 12 Pages: 1536-1536

    • DOI

      10.3390/pathogens10121536

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Fitness of sulfadoxine-resistant Plasmodium berghei harboring a single mutation in dihydropteroate synthase (dhps).2021

    • Author(s)
      Yamauchi M, Hirai M, Tachibana SI, Mori T, Mita T.
    • Journal Title

      Acta Trop.

      Volume: - Pages: 106049-106049

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106049

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Isolation of Mutants With Reduced Susceptibility to Piperaquine From a Mutator of the Rodent Malaria Parasite Plasmodium berghei.2021

    • Author(s)
      Ikeda M, Hirai M, Tachibana SI, Mori T, Mita T.
    • Journal Title

      Front Cell Infect Microbiol.

      Volume: - Pages: 672691-672691

    • DOI

      10.3389/fcimb.2021.672691

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Ex vivo susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial drugs in Northern Uganda2021

    • Author(s)
      Fukuda N, Tachibana S-I、Ikeda M、Sakurai-Yatsushiro M、Balikagala B、Katuro O、Yamauchi M、Emoto S、Hashimoto M、Yatsushiro S、Sekihara Makoto、et al
    • Journal Title

      Parasitology International

      Volume: 81 Pages: 102277-102277

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.parint.2020.102277

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report 2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] A new preferentially outcrossing monoicous species of Volvox sect. Volvox (Chlorophyta) from Thailand2020

    • Author(s)
      Nozaki Hisayoshi、Mahakham Wuttipong、Heman Wirawan、Matsuzaki Ryo、Kawachi Masanobu
    • Journal Title

      PLOS ONE

      Volume: 15 Issue: 7 Pages: e0235622-e0235622

    • DOI

      10.1371/journal.pone.0235622

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Induction of sexual reproduction reveals the presence of heterothallic Spirogyra strains (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta)2020

    • Author(s)
      Takano Tomoyuki、Ikegaya Hisato、Nozaki Hisayoshi、Sakayama Hidetoshi
    • Journal Title

      Phycological Research

      Volume: 68 Issue: 4 Pages: 263-268

    • DOI

      10.1111/pre.12436

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Emergence of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum with kelch13 C580Y mutations on the island of New Guinea2020

    • Author(s)
      Miotto Olivo、Sekihara Makoto、Tachibana Shin-Ichiro、Yamauchi Masato et al
    • Journal Title

      PLOS Pathogens

      Volume: 16 Issue: 12 Pages: e1009133-e1009133

    • DOI

      10.1371/journal.ppat.1009133

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Restricted Pollination for Tracing Individual Pollen Tubes in a Pistil2020

    • Author(s)
      Takahashi Taro、Mori Toshiyuki、Igawa Tomoko
    • Journal Title

      Methods Mol Biol.

      Volume: 2160 Pages: 73-81

    • DOI

      10.1007/978-1-0716-0672-8_5

    • ISBN
      9781071606711, 9781071606728
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Behavior of filamentous temperature-sensitive Z2 (FtsZ2) in the male gametophyte during sexual reproduction processes of flowering plants2020

    • Author(s)
      Ohashi Yukino、Mori Toshiyuki、Igawa Tomoko
    • Journal Title

      Protoplasma

      Volume: 257 Issue: 4 Pages: 1201-1210

    • DOI

      10.1007/s00709-020-01503-2

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Evolutionary significance of the ring-like plastid nucleus in the primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae as revealed by drying.2020

    • Author(s)
      T. Kuroiwa, M. Ohnuma, Y. Imoto, F. Yagisawa, O. Misumi, N. Nagata, H. Kuroiwa
    • Journal Title

      Protoplasma

      Volume: 257 Issue: 4 Pages: 1069-1078

    • DOI

      10.1007/s00709-020-01496-y

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] ESCRT machinery mediates cytokinetic abscission in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae.2020

    • Author(s)
      Yagisawa F., Fujiwara T., Takemura T., Kobayashi Y., Sumiya N., Miyagishima S. Y., Nakamura S., Imoto Y., Misumi O., Tanaka K., Kuroiwa H., Kuroiwa T.
    • Journal Title

      Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

      Volume: 8 Pages: 169-169

    • DOI

      10.3389/fcell.2020.00169

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Recovery and stable persistence of chloroquine sensitivity in Plasmodium falciparum parasites after its discontinued use in Northern Uganda2020

    • Author(s)
      Balikagala Betty、Sakurai-Yatsushiro Miki、Hirai Makoto  et al
    • Journal Title

      Malaria Journal

      Volume: 19 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-12

    • DOI

      10.1186/s12936-020-03157-0

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Identification of 13 Spirogyra Species (Zygnemataceae) by Traits of Sexual Reproduction Induced Under Laboratory Culture Conditions2019

    • Author(s)
      Takano T, Higuchi S, Ikegaya H, Matsuzaki R, Kawachi K, Takahashi F, Nozaki H
    • Journal Title

      Scientific Reports

      Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Pages: 7458-7458

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41598-019-43454-6

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Morphological and molecular identification of the dioecious “African species Volvox rousseletii (Chlorophyceae) in the water column of a Japanese lake based on field-collected and cultured materials2019

    • Author(s)
      Ryosuke Kimbara, Nanako Isaka, Ryo Matsuzaki, Hiroko, Kawai-Toyooka, Masanobu Kawachi, Hisayoshi Nozaki
    • Journal Title

      PLOS ONE

      Volume: 14 Issue: 8 Pages: e0221632-e0221632

    • DOI

      10.1371/journal.pone.0221632

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Morphology, phylogeny, and taxonomy of two species of colonial volvocine green algae from Lake Victoria, Tanzania2019

    • Author(s)
      Nozaki Hisayoshi、Matsuzaki Ryo、Kashindye Benedicto Boniphace、Ezekiel Charles Nyarongo、Shaban Sophia、Kawachi Masanobu、Aibara Mitsuto、Nikaido Masato
    • Journal Title

      PLOS ONE

      Volume: 14 Issue: 11 Pages: e0224269-e0224269

    • DOI

      10.1371/journal.pone.0224269

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Three sex phenotypes in a haploid algal species give insights into the evolutionary transition to a self-compatible mating system2021

    • Author(s)
      Takahashi, K., Kawai-Toyooka, H., Ootsuki, R., Hamaji, T., Tsuchikane, Y., Sekimoto, H., Higashiyama, T. & Nozaki1, H.
    • Organizer
      75th Annual Meeting of the Phycological Society of America, Online, 13-22 July, 22, 2021
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Re-discovery of the third mating system of “Volvox africanus“ from cultures originating from the hometown of dinosaurs in Thailand2021

    • Author(s)
      Nozaki H., Wuttipong, M., Heman, W., Matsuzaki, R. & Kawachi, M
    • Organizer
      (75th Annual Meeting of the Phycological Society of America, Online, 13-22 July, 22, 2021
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 湖沼調査から新たなるブレークスルーを目指して2021

    • Author(s)
      野崎久義
    • Organizer
      茨城大学理学部理工学研究科セミナー、オンライン
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] ヒメミカヅキモの有性生殖進行に機能する受容体型キナーゼ遺伝子 の解析2021

    • Author(s)
      山口里帆子 , 西山智明 , 神田奈保 , 今詩織 , 関本弘之
    • Organizer
      日本植物学会第 85 回大会(オンライン)
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 蛍光タンパク質融合 CenH3 発現によるヒメミカヅキ モの染色体解析とゲノム進化2021

    • Author(s)
      渡辺実咲 , 村田隆 , 堤元佐 , 大友康平 , 根本知己 , 川口也和子 , 土松隆志 , 西山智明 , 土金勇樹 , 関本弘之
    • Organizer
      日本植物学会第 85 回大会(オンライン)
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 湖沼調査から新たなるブレークスルーを目指して2021

    • Author(s)
      野崎久義
    • Organizer
      日本藻類学会第45回大会、オンライン東京・2021
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] ヒメミカヅキモにおける蛍光標識CenH3タンパク質の発現による染色体可視化2021

    • Author(s)
      渡辺実咲, 村田隆, 堤元佐, 大友康平, 根本知己, 西山智明, 土金勇樹, 関本弘之
    • Organizer
      日本藻類学会第45回大会、オンライン東京・2021
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 3つの性表現型を持つ緑藻ボルボックス系列 Pleodorina starrii の性決定機構の解析2020

    • Author(s)
      高橋昂平・豊岡博子・大槻涼・浜地貴志・東山哲也・野崎久義
    • Organizer
      日本植物学会第84回大会、オンライン
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] タイ国産ボルボックス節の他殖性を示す雌雄同体1新種2020

    • Author(s)
      野崎久義・Mahakham Wuttipong ・Wirawan Heman ・松﨑令・河地正伸
    • Organizer
      日本植物学会第84回大会、オンライン
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 全ゲノムデータからみたヒメミカヅキモの自殖系統におけるホメオログ間組み換え2020

    • Author(s)
      川口也和子,土金勇樹,田中啓介,太治輝昭,豊田敦,西山智明,関本弘之,土松隆志
    • Organizer
      日本植物学会第84回大会、オンライン
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] ヒメミカヅキモのPR-IPは、性フェロモンであるが有性生殖に必須ではない2020

    • Author(s)
      山口里帆子、福島早貴、今詩織、神田奈保、関本弘之
    • Organizer
      日本植物学会第84回大会、オンライン
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] The mechanism of mating type determination in heterothallic strains of Closterium peracerosum-strigosum-littorale complex, a new model organism to study sexual reproduction in streptophytes2020

    • Author(s)
      Hiroyuki Sekimoto, Natsumi Tsuyuki, Ayumi Komiya, Tomoaki Nishiyama
    • Organizer
      第43回日本分子生物学会年会(オンライン)
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Synthetic biotin ligase enables to label surface invasion factors of cultured human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum.2019

    • Author(s)
      Ochiai S, Maeda J, Hirai M, Mita T, Mori T
    • Organizer
      66th ASTMH
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Three sexes in the anisogamous volvocine alga Pleodorina starrii2019

    • Author(s)
      Kohei Takahashi, Shota Yamashita, Kayoko Yamamoto, Hiroko Kawai- Toyooka, Yuki Tsuchikane, Hiroyuki Sekimoto and Hisayoshi Nozaki
    • Organizer
      The fifth International Conference
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Coming back to Qingdao after 25 years of studying the volvocine green algae, a model lineage for evolution of female-male and multicellularity.2019

    • Author(s)
      Nozaki, H.
    • Organizer
      The 20th Meeting of the Algae Branch of Chinese Society for Oceanography and Limnology
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 単細胞紅藻における有性生殖過程の探索2019

    • Author(s)
      廣岡俊亮,藤原崇之,大沼亮,兼崎友,広瀬侑,渡辺智,吉川博文,三角 修己,宮城島進也
    • Organizer
      日本植物学会第83回大会
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Remarks] 雌雄同体の新種誕生におけるメスとオスの性染色体の運命

    • URL

      https://www.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ja/press/2021/7373/

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] Species of algae with three sexes

    • URL

      https://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/focus/en/press/z0508_00186.html

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report

URL: 

Published: 2019-07-04   Modified: 2023-01-30  

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