| Project/Area Number |
19K23471
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Review Section |
0204:Astronomy, earth and planetary science, and related fields
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| Research Institution | National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology |
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Principal Investigator |
Conway Christopher 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 地質調査総合センター, 研究員 (50844619)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2019-08-30 – 2023-03-31
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,860,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥660,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
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| Keywords | magma mixing / eruption time scales / volcanic hazards / diffusion chronometry / active volcanoes |
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| Outline of Research at the Start |
This research project will develop and apply new methods for calculating mineral diffusion timescales for samples from recent eruptions in Japan to explore the key question: how long does it take for magma mixing to trigger a volcanic eruption? This methodology will be practiced on olivine and
orthopyroxene crystals in samples from the recent eruptions of Miyakejima (2000) and Shinmoedake (2011) to constrain the timescales of magma mixing processes that triggered these explosive events.
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Chemical data was collected for volcanic crystals in lava and tephra from recent eruptions at Miyakejima volcano, Japan. Time scale constraints from the crystals indicate that magma moved rapidly from its source to the eruption vent over a period of 1-5 days prior to the eruption in 1874 AD, and 12-25 days prior to the eruption in 2000 AD. These constraints closely match reports of corresponding increases in seismicity before the two eruptions, and indicate that volcanic crystals provide valuable information regarding the warning and evacuation time periods before eruptions.
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
将来の火山災害から社会を守るためには、マグマの移動から噴火までの潜在的な期間を知る必要があります。 この研究の結果は、三宅島では山腹火口の溶岩噴火は、火山活動開始から数日で発生する可能性があるが、山頂噴火の前には数週間にわたる前兆現象が続く可能性があることを示している。 この研究は、危機管理者に対して、火山噴火に備る際必要な火山活動の時間スケールについての情報を提供するために、マグマ中の結晶の分析が役立つ可能性を示しています。
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