An international collaboration project to reveal psychological mechanisms underlying the alienation of minority groups and to develop policies promoting multi-cultural tolerance

• Project/Area Number: 19KK0063
• Research Category: Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (B))
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Review Section: Medium-sized Section 10:Psychology and related fields
• Research Institution: Nagoya University
• Principal Investigator: 唐沢 穣 名古屋大学, 情報学研究科, 教授 (90261031)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 石井 敬子 名古屋大学, 情報学研究科, 教授 (10344532) ; 後藤 伸彦 一橋大学, 大学院社会学研究科, 講師 (40824959) ; 鶴田 早織 (塚本早織) 愛知学院大学, 心理学部, 講師 (80794073) ; Chan Christian 国際基督教大学, 教養学部, 准教授 (10973977)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-10-07 – 2025-03-31
• Project Status: Granted (Fiscal Year 2023)
• Budget Amount: ¥18,460,000 (Direct Cost: ¥14,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,260,000); Fiscal Year 2023: ¥3,120,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥720,000); Fiscal Year 2022: ¥4,810,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,110,000); Fiscal Year 2021: ¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥3,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥900,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥2,210,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥510,000)
• Keywords: 偏見 / 集団間関係 / 社会的少数者 / 異文化間接触 / 政治行動 / 社会的排斥 / 異文化接触 / 社会的地位 / 文化 / 価値意識

Outline of Research at the Start

グローバル化の進展や多様性の重要さに関する認識の高まりと逆行するかのように、社会的少数派に対する偏見や排除の傾向が、世界各地に広がっている。この動向を受けて本研究は、偏見・排斥の原因となる心理的過程を明らかにし、解消策を追求することを目的とする。当該分野で最高水準の研究成果をあげている海外の研究者たちとの共同研究体制を構築し、若手を中心とする人材の活発な交流を促す。特に、偏見・排斥の原因が素朴な正義観の暴発にある可能性の実証的検証を重点的に行う。さらに本研究で明らかにされる心理過程の、通文化性と文化固有性の双方について検証し、日本社会の特質に応じた問題解消の方策を追求する。

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

- 北米拠点であるカリフォルニア大学バークリー校の研究者の協力を得ながら、国家に対する愛着が権威主義等の傾向と複合することによって生じる、少数者排斥傾向に関する国際共同研究ティームに参画し、研究を進めている。また、性役割ステレオタイプに基づくジェンダー・ギャップに関する多国間比較研究が、多数の論文公刊へと至っており、十丁に進捗している。
- オーストラリア拠点であるメルボルン大学の研究ティームからは、社会的排斥行為に影響を与える非人間化過程に関する実験研究に対して協力を得るなど、いっそうの研究交流が進展した。また、少数者をはじめとする他者全般を自身の道徳的領域に包含（または排除）する傾向に関する多国間比較研究も正式公刊へと至っている。さらにラトローブ大学の研究者とも共同研究の立案が進んでおり今後の協力促進が期待できる。
- イタリア・パドヴァ大学とは、社会的格差に起因する分断と排斥傾向に関する研究の成果交換が進んでおり、共同研究の実施に向けた準備を急いでいる。このほか、従来の「東西比較」を超える文化比較研究の枠組みとして、地中海沿岸地域を分析の中心に位置づけた研究体制の構築においても成果があった。
- 香港拠点との交流には大きな進捗があった。道徳意識の文化的基盤に関する双方の研究成果に関する知見の交換をもとに共同研究に進展があったほか、世代やイデオロギーの相違による葛藤が具体的な政治的行動として発現する過程を調べた研究で、多くの成果を公表した。加えて、ベトナムをはじめとするアジア諸地域を含む国際研究交流の拠点としても重要な役割を果たした。
- 国際共同研究の理論的基礎を構築するための作業の一環として学際的交流にも注力した。道徳的動機が逸脱者の排斥に至る過程に関する論考を法学分野の専門書に寄稿するなどして、より包括的な観点からの研究推進を試みている。

Current Status of Research Progress

3: Progress in research has been slightly delayed.

Reason

- 研究期間の初期（特に2019 - 2021年度）における新型コロナ・ウィルス感染拡大により、実質的に研究停止となったことの影響が甚大であったため。しかし2022年度移行、海外渡航が可能になり、2023年度には「５類への移行」も行われたため、海外共同研究拠点に直接赴いて、当初計画に沿った研究を実行することがようやく可能になり、これら2年度においては進捗を示すこともできた。以上を総合して「やや遅れている」という評価が適切であると考える。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

- 前項で述べた、新型コロナ・ウィルス感染拡大による研究期間初期以来の影響からの回復を、早急に進める。まず北米拠点では、国家への愛着とイデオロギー傾向が少数者排斥の主要な要因となる可能性についての検証を進める。調査データはインドやポーランドといった、拠点以外の地域にも対象を広げて収集する予定である。
- オーストラリア拠点では、メルボルン大学に加えてラトローブ大学の研究者との共同研究をさらに進める。研究テーマとしては、食をめぐる信念の対立が、多数派-少数派の間で相互に見られるステレオタイプ的認知に与える影響ついて研究を進めるほか、道徳意識の諸領域全般にわたる影響について、実証研究を進める。
- イタリア拠点では、社会的格差に起因する排斥傾向に関する研究を継続する。加えて、英国をはじめヨーロッパ地域の研究者とのネットワークを発展させるための拠点としても、積極的な関与を促すことを試みる。
- 香港拠点では、香港大学や香港教育大学の研究者との協働をさらに進めるための計画を実行に移していく。道徳意識に根差した陣営・集団間の対立と排斥傾向の分析が中心的なテーマとなる。また、アジアの他地域との研究協力についても発展が期待できる。引き続きベトナムの研究者に対するリーチアウトを続ける一方、マレーシアの研究者の交流と協力を試みる予定である。アジア地域では特に、若手研究者の育成を重視した協力体制の構築を試みる。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] University of California, Berkeley/University of California, Irvine(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of Melbourne/University of Queensland/La Trobe University(オーストラリア)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Padova University(イタリア)
• [Int'l Joint Research] 香港大学/香港教育大学(中国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of Sussex(英国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of California, Berkeley/University of California, Santa Barbara/University of California, Irvine(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of Melbourne/University of Queensland/La Trobe University(オーストラリア)
• [Int'l Joint Research] 香港大学(中国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Padova University(イタリア)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of California, Berkeley/University of California, Irvine/New School for Social Research(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] 香港大学/香港理工大学(中国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Padova University(イタリア)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of Melbourne/La Trobe University(オーストラリア)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of California, Berkeley/Columbia University/Gonzaga University(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of Melbourne/University of Queensland/La Trobe University(オーストラリア)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of Hong Kong(中国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Padova University(イタリア)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Univesity of California, Berkeley/State University of New York, New Paltz/Arcadia University(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of Hong Kong(中国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of Melbourne/La Trobe University(オーストラリア)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Padova University(イタリア)
• [Journal Article] All we need is love? Irreconcilable political incon- gruence in families after the 2019 social unrest in Hong Kong (2024)
  • Author(s): Yu, Y. M. B., Lam, C., & Chan, C. S.
  • Journal Title: Political Psychology Volume: 24(3) Issue: 3 Pages: 643-665
  • DOI: 10.1111/pops.12941
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Efficacy of ChatGPT in Cantonese Sentiment Analysis: A Comparative Study. (2024)
  • Author(s): Fu, Z., H su, Y. C., Chan, C. S., Lau, C. M., Liu, J., & Yip, P. S. F
  • Journal Title: Journal of M edical Internet R esearch Volume: 26 Pages: e51069-e51069
  • DOI: 10.2196/51069
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Moral Expansiveness Around the World: The Role of Societal Factors Across 36 Countries (2024)
  • Author(s): Kirkland,K., Crimston, C. R., Jetten, J., ,... Goto, N., ... Bastian, B.
  • Journal Title: Social Psychological and Personality Science Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: 305-318
  • DOI: 10.1177/19485506221101767
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Did descriptive and prescriptive norms about gender equality at home change during the COVID-19 pandemic?: A cross-national investigation. (2024)
  • Author(s): Saxler, F. M., Dorrough, A. R., Froehlich, L., Block, K., Croft, A., Meeussen, L., Olsson, M., Schmader, T., Schuster, C., van Grootel, S., Van Laar, C., Atkinson, C., Benson-Greenwald, T., Birneanu, A., Cavojova, V., Cheryan, S., Lee Kai Chung, A., Danyliuk, I., Dar-Nimrod, I., … Martiny, S. E.
  • Journal Title: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Volume: -
  • DOI: 10.1177/01461672231219719
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Lay beliefs about boredom: A mixed-methods investigation (2023)
  • Author(s): Tam, K. Y. Y., van Tilburg, W. A. P., & Chan, C. S.
  • Journal Title: Motivation and Emotion Volume: 47(6) Issue: 6 Pages: 1075-1094
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11031-023-10043-0
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The Misandry Myth: An Inaccurate Stereotype About Feminists’ Attitudes Toward Men (2023)
  • Author(s): Alfe Hopkins-Doyle et al（40名）.
  • Journal Title: Psychology of Women Quarterly. Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Pages: 8-37
  • DOI: 10.1177/03616843231202708
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 Countries (2023)
  • Author(s): Olsson Maria I. T., van Grootel Sanne, Block Katharina, Schuster Carolin, Meeussen Loes, Van Laar Colette, Schmader Toni, Croft Alyssa, Sun Molly Shuyi, Ainsaar Mare, Aarntzen Lianne, Adamus Magdalena, Anderson Joel, Atkinson Ciara, Avicenna Mohamad, ..., Kitakaji Yoko, ..., Martiny Sarah E.
  • Journal Title: Political Psychology Volume: 44 Issue: 6 Pages: 1163-1192
  • DOI: 10.1111/pops.12880
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Neither Eastern nor Western: Patterns of independence and interdependence in Mediterranean societies. (2023)
  • Author(s): Uskul, A. K., Kirchner-H_usler, A., Vignoles, V. L., ... Ishii, K., ... & Uchida, Y.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Volume: 125 Issue: 3 Pages: 471-495
  • DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000342
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Cross-cultural adaptation of Chinese international students: Effects of distant and close support seeking. (2023)
  • Author(s): Zheng, S., & Ishii, K.
  • Journal Title: Frontiers in Psychology Volume: 14 Pages: 1133487-1133487
  • DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1133487
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Psychological constructs of Japanese attitudes to immigration: Perceived threat to civic and ethnic values (2023)
  • Author(s): Saori Tsukamoto
  • Journal Title: Bulletin of the Faculty of Psychology Aichi Gakuin University Volume: 1 Pages: 31-39
  • Open Access
• [Journal Article] Perceived warmth of offending group moderates the effect of intergroup apologies (2022)
  • Author(s): Awale, A., Chan, C. S., Tam, K. Y. Y., & Karasawa, M.
  • Journal Title: Group Processes & Intergroup Relations Volume: - Issue: 5 Pages: 0-0
  • DOI: 10.1177/1368430220961844
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Individual, group, and temporal perspectives on the link between wealth and realistic threat. (2022)
  • Author(s): Celikkol, G., Renvik, T. A., Sortheix, F. M., Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., Jetten, J., Ariyanto, A., Autin, F., Ayub, N., Badea, C., Besta, T., Butera, F., Costa-Lopes, R., Cui, L., Fantini, C., Finchilescu, G., Gaertner, L, Gollwitzer, M., Gomez, A., Gonzalez, ... , Karasawa, M., ... & Wohl, M. J. A.
  • Journal Title: Current Research in Ecological & Social Psychology Volume: - Pages: 100054-100054
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2022.100054
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Experimental and cross-cultural evidence that parenthood and parental care motives increase social conservatism (2022)
  • Author(s): Kerry, N., Al-Shawaf, L., Barbato, M., ... Karasawa, M.,et al.
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of the Royal Society B Volume: 289 Issue: 1982 Pages: 20220978-20220978
  • DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0978
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Individual Costs and Community Benefits: Collectivism and individuals’ compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions to combat COVID-19. (2022)
  • Author(s): Leong, S., Eom, K., Ishii, K., Aichberger, M., Fetz, K., Muller, T., Kim, H. S., & Sherman, D. K.
  • Journal Title: PLoS ONE Volume: 17 Issue: 11 Pages: e0275388-e0275388
  • DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275388
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Social mindfulness predicts concern for nature and immigrants across 36 nations (2022)
  • Author(s): Kirkland,K., Van Lange, P. A. M., Van Doesum,N. J., Acevedo-Triana,C., , C. E., Ausmees,L., Baguma,P., Barry, O., Becker,M., Bilewicz, M., Boonyasiriwat, W.,Castelain, T.,... Goto,N., … & Bastian, B.
  • Journal Title: Scientific Reports Volume: 12 Issue: 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25538-y
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] A 32-society investigation of the influence of perceived economic inequality on social class stereotyping (2022)
  • Author(s): Tanjitpiyanond, P., Jetten, J., Peters, K., ... Goto, N., ... &Yeung, V. W.
  • Journal Title: European Journal of Social Psychology Volume: - Issue: 2 Pages: 367-382
  • DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2908
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Stereotypes about “competence” and “warmth” against people with disabilities (2022)
  • Author(s): 柳田航・唐沢穣・村田光二
  • Journal Title: Journal of Human Environmental Studies Volume: 20 Issue: 2 Pages: 103-110
  • DOI: 10.4189/shes.20.103
  • ISSN: 1348-5253, 1883-7611
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Perceiving societal pressure to be happy is linked to poor well-being, especially in happy nations (2022)
  • Author(s): Dejonckheere, E., Rhee, J.J., Baguma, P.K. et al.
  • Journal Title: Scientific Reports Volume: 12, 1514 Issue: 1 Pages: 0-0
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04262-z
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Cultural influences on daily stress experiences: Perception of interpersonal vs. non-interpersonal situations among European-Canadian and Japanese undergraduate students. (2022)
  • Author(s): Lee, H., Masuda, T., Ishii, K., Yasuda, Y., & Otsubo, Y.
  • Journal Title: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Volume: 0 Issue: 4 Pages: 0-0
  • DOI: 10.1177/01461672211070360
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Swinging for the fences vs. advancing the runner: Culture, motivation, and strategic decision making. (2022)
  • Author(s): Chuang, R., Ishii, K., Kim, H. S., & Sherman, D. K.
  • Journal Title: Social Psychological and Personality Science Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 91-101
  • DOI: 10.1177/1948550621999273
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Happiness, meaning, and psychological richness (2020)
  • Author(s): Oishi, S., Choi, H., Koo, M., Galinha, I., Ishii, K., Komiya, A., et al.
  • Journal Title: Affective Science Volume: 1 Pages: 107-115
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Measurement invariance of the moral vitalism scale across 28 cultural groups (2020)
  • Author(s): Rudnev, M., Vauclair, C.-M., Aminihajibashi, S., et al.
  • Journal Title: PLOS ONE Volume: 15 Issue: 6 Pages: e0233989-e0233989
  • DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233989
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Explaining illness with evil: Pathogen prevalence fosters moral vitalism. (2019)
  • Author(s): Bastian, B., Vauclair, M., Loughnan, S., Bain, P., Karasawa, M., et al.
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume: 0 Issue: 1914 Pages: 0-0
  • DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1576
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Understanding collective guilt: Tolerance for contradiction and state-trait dissociations in perceived overlap between ingroup members (2019)
  • Author(s): Brown, C. M., Goto, N., Tsukamoto, S., & Karasawa, M.
  • Journal Title: Current Psychology Volume: 0 Pages: 0-0
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Reading minds with words: Effects of moral word use on attitude inference and communication (2023)
  • Author(s): Kasahara, I., Karasawa, M., & Kashima, Y.
  • Organizer: The 15th biennial conference of Asian Association of Social Psychology
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Explanations for why a transgression is immoral may vary depending on the violated moral foundation (2023)
  • Author(s): Sato, Y., Goto, H., & Karasawa, M.
  • Organizer: The 15th Biennial Conference of the Asian Association of Social Psychology
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Convergence of emotions: Experimental evidence of both contagion and egocentricity. (2023)
  • Author(s): Tam, K. Y. Y., van Tilburg, W. A. P., & Chan, C. S.
  • Organizer: The 35th Annual Convention of the Association for Psychological Science
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Text mining psychological distress on online forums during the 2019 social unrest in Hong Kong (2023)
  • Author(s): Lam, C., & Chan, C. S.
  • Organizer: The 15th Biennial Conference of the Asian Association of Social Psychology
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The influence of moral foundation on the accep- tance of violent forms of collective action (2023)
  • Author(s): Yu, Y. M. B., & Chan, C. S.
  • Organizer: The 15th Biennial Conference of the Asian Association of Social Psychology
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Beyond binary opposition: Non-apathetic neutrality in the 2019 social unrest in Hong Kong (2023)
  • Author(s): Chan, C. S., Lam, C., & Yu, Y. M. B.
  • Organizer: The 15th Biennial Conference of the Asian Association of Social Psychology
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Challenging social dividedness: Potential contributions from Asian perspectives (2023)
  • Author(s): Karasawa, M.
  • Organizer: 15th Biennial Conference of the Asian Association of Social Psychology
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Ethics and new directions in research and applications of psychology (2023)
  • Author(s): Karasawa, M.
  • Organizer: The joint conference, “Upskilling psychological research capabilities” co-sponsored by HUTEC University and IPRTA
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Cultural differences affect response to vicarious choice in perceived consensus but not in personal views. (2023)
  • Author(s): Tanaka, R., Eisen, C., & Ishii, K.
  • Organizer: The 24th Annual meeting of Society for Personality and Social Psychology
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The ideological nature of national attitudes among Japanese under globalization. (2022)
  • Author(s): Minoru Karasawa
  • Organizer: The 26th International Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] 右翼権威主義と社会的支配志向性が排斥の実行意図に与える影響 ―罰を与えうる他者の存在による変化― (2022)
  • Author(s): 松岡慧人，野崎優樹，唐沢穣
  • Organizer: 日本パーソナリティ心理学会第31回大会
• [Presentation] 道徳判断における同調：認知的完結欲求による調整効果 (2022)
  • Author(s): 朴ゴウン・石井敬子
  • Organizer: 日本社会心理学会第63回大会
• [Presentation] ソーシャルサポート提供とその動機づけの日米比較―気まずさと気遣いという関係懸念の2側面に着目して― (2022)
  • Author(s): 田中里奈・石井敬子
  • Organizer: 日本社会心理学会第63回大会
• [Presentation] 集団における認知的不協和：日本人を対象とした検討 (2022)
  • Author(s): 伊規須敦史・石井敬子
  • Organizer: 日本社会心理学会第63回大会
• [Presentation] Construal of disability as a potential source of policy support toward elimination of discrimination. (2022)
  • Author(s): Kida, C., & Karasawa, M.
  • Organizer: The 23rd Annual Convention of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology.
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Implicit stereotypes among Japanese against people with disabilities (2022)
  • Author(s): Yanagida, W., Karasawa, M., & Murata, K.
  • Organizer: The 23rd Annual Convention of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology.
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 社会の分断について考える (2022)
  • Author(s): 唐沢 穣
  • Organizer: 日本心理学会公開シンポジウム「『誰一人取り残さない』社会の実現のために：心理学者が考える『持続可能な開発目標（SDGs）』」
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Exploring the Aversive Reactions to Intrusive Culture Mixing in the Context of Acculturation (2021)
  • Author(s): Lemaire Portillo, P., & Karasawa, M.
  • Organizer: The 14th Biennial Conference of the Asian Association of Social Psychology
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Promotion and prevention focused prosocial behaviors in the United Kingdom and Japan. (2021)
  • Author(s): Imada, T., & Ishii, K.
  • Organizer: The 25th International Congress of Cross-Cultural Psychology
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 「障害モデル」の役割と可能性 (2021)
  • Author(s): 唐沢 穣
  • Organizer: 日本心理学会第85回大会・企画シンポジウム 『障害科学の展望：社会心理学的視座の有用性』
• [Book] リーガル・ラディカリズム（分担執筆 60-64ページ） (2023)
  • Author(s): 飯田 高、齋藤 哲志、瀧川 裕英、松原 健太郎
  • Total Pages: 462
  • Publisher: 有斐閣
  • ISBN: 9784641126435
• [Remarks] Groups, Culture, and Social Justice Lab
  • URL: https://mkarasawalab.org/en/results
• [Remarks] Groups, Culture, and Social Justice Lab
  • URL: https://mkarasawalab.org/