| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2008: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
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| Research Abstract |
There are subcortical and cortical centers above the brainstem that induce swallowing movement, however, their specific role and connections are not well understood.We applied functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for brain mapping in swallowing and swallow-related movements Twenty-five of volunteers were examined by fNIRS. Subjects sitting on the chair were put 34-channel holder of OMM-2000 (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Sensorimotor cortex and frontal lobe were set as the region of the interest. We performed, 1) blocked motor tasks (hand grip, tongue protrusion), 2) event-related tasks (command or non-command swallow). The statistical method used was a general linear model employing a two-level summary statistics approach for random effects analysis with a one-tailed t test. Activation areas in each blocked task were detected separately in SMI (p < o.o5 by Student t, one-tailed, FDR controlled). During bolus swallowing, activation was detected in tongue SMI and BA 6 (p < o.o5, one-tailed, FDR controlled). The haemodynamic pattern observed during swallowing was different during the command versus non-command tasks in BA 6 and BA 40 (p < o.o5, two-tailed, not corrected). In accordance with prior reports, BA 4, BA 3,1,2, BA 6 were activated both in command and non-command swallow in our study. The haemodynamic pattern during swallowing appeared different in command versus non-command tasks in BA 6 and BA 40. Our findings suggest that the sensory input is more important in non-commandthan in command swallow. These data show that cortical process to initiate swallowingmovements is altered by the triggers.
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