| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2008: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
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| Research Abstract |
We studied the recent phenomena in Colloquial Japanese in which particles(joshi) appear without preceding phrases, from the descriptive and theoretical viewpoints. We showed that the utterance-initial-particles(UIPs) have a dual function ; UIPs in general share a common discourse function that realizes the completeness as a form of expression depending on the preceding discourse, whereas each particle plays its own syntactic and discourse functions even appearing in the utterance initial position. The utterance-initial wa, especially, acquires an interjectional function because it is inspired by a focus-presenting function indigenous in its topic marking usage.
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