| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,510,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥810,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2008: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
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| Research Abstract |
The Eight Banner system can be described as a Manchu form of Central Eurasian political and military organization, for it possessed features distinctive of nomadic armies and their state organization-(1) a hierarchical military and administrative organization, (2) the monopolization of the right to rule by the imperial family and the shared possession of all subjects under its rule, (3) a system of left and right wings, and (4) the existence of imperial guards. And bannermen were a source of civil and military officials and were in charge of the administration of the empire as a whole. Accordingly the Eight Banner can be regarded as the state organization of the Qing empire.
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