| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2008: ¥2,470,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥570,000)
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| Research Abstract |
From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, there was a ten-fold increase in fire incidents in rural Russia. Fires did not necessarily lead to bankruptcy for Russian peasants, but were an opportunity to receive a significant payment of insurance money that enabled them to reset their economic situation. In spite of speedy increase of fire incidents, Zemstvo was able to accumulate enormous reserves. Most of the reserves had been spent on the general business of Zemstvo rather than disaster prevention activities. Russian peasants continued to be delivered premiums until 1918.
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