| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2008: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
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| Research Abstract |
The single European currency euro has its origins in the 1970s. During this period, France and other EEC member States decided to create Economic and Monetary Union, seeking to adapt to new economic environment resulting from a generalization of the floating exchange rate system and the first oil-price shock. For small-and-medium industrialized countries like European, creating EMU was a kind of survival strategy. It is impossible to achieve monetary union without harmonizing national macroeconomic policies. Through the battle against stagflation, the countries of Europe made change their policies based on neo-liberalism philosophy. And they could come to the starting point of monetary unification by the end of the 1970s.
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