| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,640,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥840,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2008: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
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| Research Abstract |
In Myanmar, the majority of mediums have changed to Meinmashas (Male to Female transgender) from women for these twenty years. Focusing on latter mediums, it has newly revealed that the relationship between their tutelary spirits, interpretation of the rituals and narrations of their dreams which is regarded as the proof of calling from spirits have changed among them. These changes can be regarded as one example that the sudden experiences of modernity such as capitalism or globalization have forced the system of religion and gender in Burma to be reorganized.
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