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Improvements in crystalline quality of InN for the realization of P-type doping by using a growth mode control

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20760010
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Research Field Applied materials science/Crystal engineering
Research InstitutionTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

Principal Investigator

MURAKAMI Hisashi  Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 大学院・共生科学技術研究院, 助教 (90401455)

Project Period (FY) 2008 – 2009
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2009)
Budget Amount *help
¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
Fiscal Year 2008: ¥2,210,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥510,000)
Keywordsエピタキシャル成長 / 結晶成長 / エピタキシャル / 窒化物半導体
Research Abstract

In this research, I aim to realize the P-type doping of InN by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy(MOVPE) through the reduction of threading dislocations in the InN crystal by controlling the growth mode and selective growth.
For fiscal 20th, Facet control of InN was performed for the improvement of crystalline quality of InN layers on GaAs (111)B by MOVPE. It was found that the crystalline quality of InN could be improved by employing a growth mode change during epitaxial growth from three-dimensional (3D) to two-dimensional (2D), indicating a reduction of dislocation density with one order of magnitude. Selective growth of InN on the round opening patterned GaAs (111)B substrate was performed for improving the crystalline quality for fiscal 21st. Selective growth of InN layer without the deposition on the SiO2 mask could be possible by raising the growth temperature up to 615 oC.

Report

(3 results)
  • 2009 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2008 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (50 results)

All 2010 2009 2008

All Journal Article (14 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 14 results) Presentation (36 results)

  • [Journal Article] Selective Growth of InN on Patterned GaAs(111)B Substrate -Influence of InN Decomposition at the Interface-2010

    • Author(s)
      Hisashi Murakami, Hyun-Chol Cho, Yoshinao Kumagai, Akinori Koukitu
    • Journal Title

      Physica Status Solidi C (印刷中)

    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report 2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Temperature dependence of InN growth on (0001) sapphire substrates by atmospheric pressure hydride vapor phase epitaxy2010

    • Author(s)
      Yoshinao Kumagai, Hirokazu Adachi, Aya Otake, Yoshihiro Higashikawa, Rie Togashi, Hisashi Murakami, Akinori Koukitu
    • Journal Title

      Physica Status Solidi C (印刷中)

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Temperature dependence of InN growth on(0001)sapphire substrates by atmospheric pressure hydride vapor phase epitaxy2010

    • Author(s)
      Yoshinao Kumagai, Hirokazu Adachi, Aya Otake, Yoshihiro Higashikawa, Rie Togashi, Hisashi Murakami, Akinori Koukitu
    • Journal Title

      Physica Status Solidi C (印刷中)

    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Influence of substrate polarity of (0001) and (000-1)GaN surfaces on hydride vapor-phase epitaxy of InN2009

    • Author(s)
      Rie Togashi, Hisashi Murakami, Yoshinao Kumagai, Akinori Koukitu
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Crystal Growth Vol.312

      Pages: 651-655

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Investigation of polarity dependent InN{0001} decomposition in N2 and H22009

    • Author(s)
      R. Togashi, T. Kamoshita, H. Adachi, H. Murakami, Y. Kumagai, A. Koukitu
    • Journal Title

      Physica Status Solidi C Vol.6

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Theoretical investigation on the decomposition process of GaN(0001)surface under a hydrogen atmosphere2009

    • Author(s)
      Hikari Suzuki, Rie Togashi, Hisashi Murakami, Yoshinao Kumagai, Akinori Koukitu
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Crystal Growth 311

      Pages: 3103-3105

    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] In situ gravimetric monitoring of surface reactions between sapphire and NH_32009

    • Author(s)
      Kazuhiro Akiyama, Yasuhiro Ishii, Hisashi Murakami, Yoshinao Kumagai, Akinori Koukitu
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Crystal Growth 311

      Pages: 3110-3113

    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Influence of substrate polarity of(0001)and(000-1)GaN surfaces on hydride vapor-phase epitaxy of InN2009

    • Author(s)
      Rie Togashi, Hisashi Murakami, Yoshinao Kumagai, Akinori Koukitu
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Crystal Growth 312

      Pages: 651-655

    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Investigation of polarity dependent InN{0001}decomposition in N_2 and H_22009

    • Author(s)
      R.Togashi, T.Kamoshita, H.Adachi, H.Murakami, Y.Kumagai, A.Koukitu
    • Journal Title

      Physica Status Solidi C 6

    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Ab initio calculation for an initial growth process of GaN on(0001)and(000-1)surfaces by vapor phase epitaxy2009

    • Author(s)
      Hikari Suzuki, Rie Togashi, Hisashi Murakami, Yoshinao Kumagai, Akinori Koukitu
    • Journal Title

      Physica Status Solidi C 6

    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Improvements in the crystalline quality of MOVPE-InN layers by facet controlling with hydrogen partial pressure2008

    • Author(s)
      H. Murakami, H. -C. Cho, Y. Kumagai, A. Koukitu
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Crystal Growth Vol.310

      Pages: 4954-4958

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Influence of hydrogen input partial pressure on the polarity of InN on GaAs (111)A grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy2008

    • Author(s)
      H. Murakami, K. Eriguchi, J. Torii, H. -C. Cho, Y. Kumagai, A. Koukitu
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Crystal Growth Vol.310

      Pages: 1602-1606

    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Influence of hydrogen input partial pressure on the polarity of InN on GaAs(111)A grown by metalorganic vapor2008

    • Author(s)
      H. Murakami, K. Eriguchi, J. Torii, H.-C. Cho, Y. Kumagai, A. Koukitu
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Crystal Growth 310

      Pages: 1602-1606

    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Improvements in the crystalline quality of MOVPE-InN layers by facet controlling with hydrogen partial pressure2008

    • Author(s)
      H. Murakami, H.-C. Cho, Y. Kumagai, A. Koukitu
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Crystal Growth 310

      Pages: 4954-4958

    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] r面 sapphire 基板上a面AIN HVPE成長におけるキャリアガスの影響2010

    • Author(s)
      田島純平, 越前史, 富樫理恵, 村上尚, 高田和哉, 熊谷義直, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      第57回応用物理学関係連合講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      東海大学(神奈川県)
    • Year and Date
      2010-03-17
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 高温その場X線回折による単結晶AINの格子定数の温度依存性測定2010

    • Author(s)
      酒井美希, 田島純平, 永島徹, 富樫理恵, 村上尚, 森岡仁, 山内剣, 斎藤啓介, 熊谷義直, 高田和哉, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      第57回応用物理学関係連合講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      東海大学(神奈川県)
    • Year and Date
      2010-03-17
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] サファイア(0001)基板上InN HVPE成長におけるNH_3供給分圧変調効果2010

    • Author(s)
      東川義弘, 大竹斐, 足立裕和, 富樫理恵, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      第57回応用物理学関係連合講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      東海大学(神奈川県)
    • Year and Date
      2010-03-17
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ハイドライド気相成長法によるGaN自立基板上InN成長の極性依存性2010

    • Author(s)
      富樫理恵, 足立裕和, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      第57回応用物理学関係連合講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      東海大学(神奈川県)
    • Year and Date
      2010-03-17
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ハイドライド気相成長法によるsapphire(0001)基板上InN成長の成長温度依存性2009

    • Author(s)
      大竹斐, 足立裕和, 富樫理恵, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      応用物理学会結晶工学分科会2009年年末講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      学習院創立百周年記念会館(東京都)
    • Year and Date
      2009-12-11
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] AIN/sapphire界面ボイドの形成を利用した freestanding AIN基板の作製2009

    • Author(s)
      内田健悟, 江夏悠貴, 石附正成, 田島純平, 富樫理恵, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 高田和哉, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      応用物理学会結晶工学分科会2009年年末講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      学習院創立百周年記念会館(東京都)
    • Year and Date
      2009-12-11
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ハイドライド気相成長法による sapphire(0001)基板上InN成長の成長温度依存性2009

    • Author(s)
      大竹斐, 足立裕和, 富樫理恵, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      応用物理学会結晶工学分科会2009年年末講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      学習院創立百周年記念会館(東京都)
    • Year and Date
      2009-12-11
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 水素雰囲気下におけるAIN(0001)面の分解過程の理論解析2009

    • Author(s)
      鈴木ひかり, ウリアナ・パニュコワ, 富樫理恵, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      第39回結晶成長国内会議(NCCG-39)
    • Place of Presentation
      名古屋大学(愛知県)
    • Year and Date
      2009-11-14
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Si汚染の低減を目指したAIN-HVPE成長のための原料探索2009

    • Author(s)
      田口悠嘉, 鈴木ひかり, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      第39回結晶成長国内会議(NCCG-39)
    • Place of Presentation
      名古屋大学(愛知県)
    • Year and Date
      2009-11-14
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] HVPE法を用いたsapphire (0001)基板上InN成長における成長温度の影響2009

    • Author(s)
      大竹斐, 足立裕和, 富樫理恵, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      第39回結晶成長国内会議(NCCG-39)
    • Place of Presentation
      名古屋大学(愛知県)
    • Year and Date
      2009-11-13
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] AIN/sapphire界面ボイドの形成制御により自発分離したAIN自立基板の特性2009

    • Author(s)
      内田健悟, 江夏悠貴, 石附正成, 田島純平, 富樫理恵, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 高田和哉, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      第39回結晶成長国内会議(NCCG-39)
    • Place of Presentation
      名古屋大学(愛知県)
    • Year and Date
      2009-11-13
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] HVPE法を用いた sapphire(0001)基板上InN成長における成長温度の影響2009

    • Author(s)
      大竹斐, 足立裕和, 富樫理恵, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      第39回結晶成長国内会議(NCCG-39)
    • Place of Presentation
      名古屋大学(愛知県)
    • Year and Date
      2009-11-13
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Hisashi Murakami, Akinori Koukitu, Temperature dependence of InN growth on (0001) sapphire substrates by atmospheric pressure hydride vapor phase epitaxy2009

    • Author(s)
      Yoshinao Kumagai, Hirokazu Adachi, Aya Otake, Yoshihiro Higashikawa, Rie Togashi
    • Organizer
      8th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-8)
    • Place of Presentation
      International Convention Center Jeju (韓国)
    • Year and Date
      2009-10-20
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Temperature dependence of InN growth on(0001)sapphire substrates by atmospheric pressure hydride vapor phase epitaxy2009

    • Author(s)
      熊谷義直, 足立裕和, 大竹斐, 東川義弘, 富樫理恵, 村上尚, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      8th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors(ICNS-8)
    • Place of Presentation
      International Convention Center Jeju(韓国)
    • Year and Date
      2009-10-20
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Selective Growth of InN on Patterned GaAs(111)B Substrate -Influence of InN Decomposition at the Interface-2009

    • Author(s)
      Hisashi Murakami, Hyun Chol Cho, Yoshinao Kumagai, Akinori Koukitu
    • Organizer
      8th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-8)
    • Place of Presentation
      International Convention Center Jeju (韓国)
    • Year and Date
      2009-10-19
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Selective Growth of InN on Patterned GaAs(111)B Substrate -Influence of InN Decomposition at the Interface-2009

    • Author(s)
      村上尚, 趙賢哲, 熊谷義直, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      8th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors(ICNS-8)
    • Place of Presentation
      International Convention Center Jeiu(韓国)
    • Year and Date
      2009-10-19
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Theoretical investigation of the decomposition mechanism of AIN(0001)surface under a hydrogen atmosphere2009

    • Author(s)
      鈴木ひかり, ウリアナ・パニュコワ, 富樫理恵, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      8th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors(ICNS-8)
    • Place of Presentation
      International Convention Center Jeiu(韓国)
    • Year and Date
      2009-10-19
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 気相成長法におけるGaN(0001)の成長初期過程の理論解析2009

    • Author(s)
      鈴木ひかり, 富樫理恵, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      第70回応用物理学会学術講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      富山大学(富山県)
    • Year and Date
      2009-09-11
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] sapphire (0001)基板上InN HVPE成長における成長温度依存性2009

    • Author(s)
      足立裕和, 大竹斐, 富樫理恵, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      第70回応用物理学会学術講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      富山大学(富山県)
    • Year and Date
      2009-09-10
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] sapphire(0001)基板上InN HVPE成長における成長温度依存性2009

    • Author(s)
      足立裕和, 大竹斐, 富樫理恵, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      第70回応用物理学会学術講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      富山大学(富山県)
    • Year and Date
      2009-09-10
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Investigation of source precursor for AIN-HVPE to decrease Si-contamination2009

    • Author(s)
      纐纈明伯, 田口悠嘉, 鈴木ひかり, 村上尚, 熊谷義直
    • Organizer
      6th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors(IWBNS-VI)
    • Place of Presentation
      Galindia Mazurski Eden, Poland
    • Year and Date
      2009-08-25
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Investigation of void formation beneath thin AIN layers by decomposition of sapphire substrates for self-separation of thick AIN layers grown by HVPE2009

    • Author(s)
      Y.Kumagai, Y.Enatsu, M.Ishizuki, Y.Kubota, J.Tajima, T.Nagashima, H.Murakami, K.Takada, A.Koukitu
    • Organizer
      6th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors(IWBNS-VI)
    • Place of Presentation
      Galindia Mazurski Eden, Poland
    • Year and Date
      2009-08-24
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Growth of 2H-A1N films on Si(111)grown by RF-MBE using an interface reaction epitaxy and AM-MEE for HVPE growth2009

    • Author(s)
      T.Ohachi, N.Yamabe, K.Ohkusa, H.Murakami, Y.Kumagai, A.Koukitu
    • Organizer
      6th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors(IWBNS-VI)
    • Place of Presentation
      Galindia Mazurski Eden, Poland
    • Year and Date
      2009-08-24
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Two step growth of InN layer on SiO2 patterned GaAs(111)B2009

    • Author(s)
      H. -C. Cho, H. Murakami, Y. Kumagai, A. Koukitu
    • Organizer
      28th Electronic Materials Symposium (EMS-27)
    • Place of Presentation
      ラフォーレ琵琶湖(滋賀県)
    • Year and Date
      2009-07-08
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Two step growth of InN layer on SiO_2 patterned GaAs(111)B2009

    • Author(s)
      趙賢哲, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      第28回電子材料シンポジウム(EMS-28)
    • Place of Presentation
      ラフォーレ琵琶湖(滋賀県)
    • Year and Date
      2009-07-08
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] HVPE AIN厚膜自発分離の最適化に向けたAIN/sapphire(0001)界面ボイドの拡張制御2009

    • Author(s)
      江夏悠貴, 石附正成, 田島純平, 富樫理恵, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 高田和哉, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      日本結晶成長学会ナノエピ分科会 第1回窒化物半導体結晶成長講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      東京農工大学(東京都)
    • Year and Date
      2009-05-16
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] AIN-HVPE成長のための原料探索 -熱力学解析-2009

    • Author(s)
      田口悠嘉, 鈴木ひかり, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      日本結晶成長学会ナノエピ分科会 第1回窒化物半導体結晶成長講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      東京農工大学(東京都)
    • Year and Date
      2009-05-16
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 纐纈明伯, 成長モード制御によるMOVPE-InNの高品質化の検討2009

    • Author(s)
      趙賢哲, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      第1回窒化物半導体結晶成長講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      東京農工大学(東京都)
    • Year and Date
      2009-05-15
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] 成長モード制御によるMOVPE-InNの高品質化の検討2009

    • Author(s)
      趙賢哲, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      日本結晶成長学会ナノエピ分科会 第1回窒化物半導体結晶成長講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      東京農工大学(東京都)
    • Year and Date
      2009-05-15
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 第一原理計算による水素雰囲気下におけるGaN(0001)の分解過程の解析2009

    • Author(s)
      鈴木ひかり, 富樫理恵, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      日本結晶成長学会ナノエピ分科会 第1回窒化物半導体結晶成長講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      東京農工大学(東京都)
    • Year and Date
      2009-05-15
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] sapphire(0001)基板上HVPE AIN厚膜自発分離のための界面ボイド拡張制御2009

    • Author(s)
      江夏悠貴, 久保田有紀, 石附正成, 田島純平, 富樫理恵, 村上尚, 熊谷義直, 高田和哉, 纐纈明伯
    • Organizer
      第56回応用物理学関係連合講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      筑波大学(茨城県)
    • Year and Date
      2009-04-01
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Investigation of Polarity Dependent InN{0001} Decomposition in N2 and H2 Ambient2008

    • Author(s)
      R. Togashi, H. Adachi, T. Kamoshita, H. Murakami, Y. Kumagai, A. Koukitu
    • Organizer
      International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors 2008
    • Place of Presentation
      Montreux, Switzerland
    • Year and Date
      2008-10-09
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Investigation of Polarity Dependent InN{0001} Decomposition in N_2 and H_2 Ambient2008

    • Author(s)
      R. Togashi, H. Adachi, T. Kamoshita, H. Murakami, Y. Kumagai, A. Koukitu
    • Organizer
      International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors 2008
    • Place of Presentation
      Montreux, Switzerland
    • Year and Date
      2008-10-09
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Facet formation of InN for the growth of high quality InN layers on GaAs (111)B surfaces by MOVPE2008

    • Author(s)
      H. Murakami, H. -C. Cho, Y. Kumagai, A. Koukitu
    • Organizer
      27th Electronic Materials Symposium (EMS-27)
    • Place of Presentation
      ラフォーレ修善寺(静岡)
    • Year and Date
      2008-07-10
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Facet formation of InN for the growth of high quality InN layers on GaAs (111) B surfaces by MOVPE2008

    • Author(s)
      H. Murakami, H.-C. Cho, Y. Kumagai, A. Koukitu
    • Organizer
      27th Electronic Materials Symposium(EMS-27)
    • Place of Presentation
      ラフォーレ修善寺(静岡)
    • Year and Date
      2008-07-10
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Improvements in crystalline quality of MOVPE-InN layers by facet controlling with hydrogen partial pressure2008

    • Author(s)
      H. Murakami, H. -C. Cho, Y. Kumagai, A. Koukitu
    • Organizer
      14th International Conference on MetalOrganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy
    • Place of Presentation
      Metz, France
    • Year and Date
      2008-06-04
    • Related Report
      2009 Final Research Report 2008 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2008-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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