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Exploring Exoplanet Atmospheres with High Dispersion Coronagraphs

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20H00170
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Medium-sized Section 16:Astronomy and related fields
Research InstitutionJapan Aerospace EXploration Agency (2020, 2022)
The University of Tokyo (2021)

Principal Investigator

Kawahara Hajime  国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構, 宇宙科学研究所, 准教授 (90649758)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 小谷 隆行  大学共同利用機関法人自然科学研究機構(新分野創成センター、アストロバイオロジーセンター、生命創成探究, アストロバイオロジーセンター, 助教 (40554291)
Guyon Olivier  国立天文台, ハワイ観測所, RCUH職員 (90399288)
Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help
¥43,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥33,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥10,080,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥10,790,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,490,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥10,660,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,460,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥22,230,000 (Direct Cost: ¥17,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥5,130,000)
Keywords系外惑星キャラクタリゼーション / 高分散スペクトル / ベイズ推定 / 自動微分 / 褐色矮星 / Kバンド / 系外惑星 / スペクトル / リトリーバル / 系外惑星大気 / 高分散分光 / 系外惑星探査 / 惑星大気 / 直接撮像 / 太陽系外惑星 / キャラクタリゼーション
Outline of Research at the Start

近年、太陽系外惑星の生命探査に向けた動きは急速な進展を見せている。これをさらに推し進め、地球サイズの岩石惑星にて水や酸素を検出するためには、次世代大型望遠鏡における直接撮像装置が必要である。その試験機でもある、すばる望遠鏡にて開発している分子検出プロジェクトREACHを用い、世界で初めての手法で直接撮像系外惑星の大気科学を行い、生命探査への手法の実証を行う。REACHは大気検出で実績のある高分散分光にコロナグラフを組み合わせたHDCといわれる手法を実現する装置である。REACHを用いHDCをサイエンスベースで行い、惑星大気の熱化学平衡からの破れや自転や惑星風の検出などを測定することをめざす。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

In this study, we aimed to develop a novel method for characterizing exoplanets based on the spectra of exoplanets and brown dwarfs, utilizing unprecedented high-wavelength resolution. We successfully developed a first-principles analytical tool combining molecular data with planetary atmospheric modeling and radiative transfer simulations. This innovative method enables gradient-based optimization and rapid Bayesian estimation using HMC by employing automatic differentiation.

By applying this method to brown dwarf data, we confirmed that it is possible to estimate not only atmospheric temperature profiles but also the mass of substellar objects solely from their spectra. Furthermore, we demonstrated that our method can be applied by obtaining spectra using a dedicated device under development with the Subaru Telescope. We showed possibility to extend REACH to K-band.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

太陽系外惑星のスペクトルから性質を解析する手法は、将来の系外惑星系における生命探査への重要な研究分野である。本研究では、従来着目されていなかった分子線の分解を実現するような高波長分解能によるスペクトル(高分散スペクトル)を用いて系外惑星の物理化学的性質の解明につながる新手法を開発した。その結果、高分散スペクトルから質量を推定することが可能であることが分かった。惑星の質量は、生命探査を目指す直接撮像法では推定困難であり、かつ惑星の表層環境を決定する重要な要素である。本研究で開発された手法は、将来の生命探査において重要な基本情報を提供する可能性がある。

Report

(5 results)
  • 2022 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Comments on the Screening Results   Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (20 results)

All 2023 2022 2021 2020 Other

All Journal Article (15 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 10 results,  Peer Reviewed: 15 results,  Open Access: 11 results) Presentation (4 results) (of which Invited: 1 results) Remarks (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] Images of embedded Jovian planet formation at a wide separation around AB Aurigae2022

    • Author(s)
      Currie T., Lawson K., Schneider G., Lyra W., Wisniewski J., Grady C., Guyon O., Tamura M., Kotani T., Kawahara H., Brandt T., Uyama T., Muto T., Dong R., Kudo T., Hashimoto J., Fukagawa M., Wagner K., Lozi J., Chilcote J., Tobin T., Groff T., Ward-Duong K., Januszewski W., Norris B., Tuthill P., et al.
    • Journal Title

      Nature Astronomy

      Volume: 6 Issue: 6 Pages: 751-759

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41550-022-01634-x

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Global Mapping of Surface Composition on an Exo-Earth Using Sparse Modeling2022

    • Author(s)
      Kuwata Atsuki、Kawahara Hajime、Aizawa Masataka、Kotani Takayuki、Tamura Motohide
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 930 Issue: 2 Pages: 162-162

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ac64a1

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] A super-Earth orbiting near the inner edge of the habitable zone around the M4.5 dwarf Ross 5082022

    • Author(s)
      Harakawa Hiroki、Takarada Takuya、Kasagi Yui、Hirano Teruyuki、et al.
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 74 Issue: 4 Pages: 904-922

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psac044

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Fast optical flares from M?dwarfs detected by a one-second-cadence survey with Tomo-e Gozen2022

    • Author(s)
      Aizawa Masataka、Kawana Kojiro、Kashiyama Kazumi (+Kotaro Fujisawa) et al.
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 74 Issue: 5 Pages: 1069-1094

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psac056

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Autodifferentiable Spectrum Model for High-dispersion Characterization of Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs2022

    • Author(s)
      Kawahara Hajime、Kawashima Yui、Masuda Kento、Crossfield Ian J. M.、Pannier Erwan、van den Bekerom Dirk
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series

      Volume: 258 Issue: 2 Pages: 31-31

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4365/ac3b4d

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Polarization-based Speckle Nulling Using a Spatial Light Modulator to Generate a Wide-field Dark Hole2022

    • Author(s)
      Naoshi Murakami, Kenta Yoneta, Kenya Kawai, Hajime Kawahara, Takayuki Kotani, Motohide Tamura, and Naoshi Baba
    • Journal Title

      Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 163 Issue: 3 Pages: 129-129

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/ac3510

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Dippers from TESS Full-frame Images. II. Spectroscopic Characterization of Four Young Dippers2022

    • Author(s)
      Kasagi Yui、Kotani Takayuki、Kawahara Hajime、Tajiri Tomoyuki、Muto Takayuki、Aizawa Masataka、Fujii Michiko S.、Hattori Kohei、Masuda Kento、Momose Munetake、Ohsawa Ryou、Takita Satoshi
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series

      Volume: 259 Issue: 2 Pages: 40-40

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4365/ac4e8b

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Neutral Metals in the Atmosphere of HD 149026b2021

    • Author(s)
      Ishizuka Masato、Kawahara Hajime、Nugroho Stevanus K.、Kawashima Yui、Hirano Teruyuki、Tamura Motohide
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 161 Issue: 4 Pages: 153-153

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/abdb25

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] First Detection of Hydroxyl Radical Emission from an Exoplanet Atmosphere: High-dispersion Characterization of WASP-33b Using Subaru/IRD2021

    • Author(s)
      Nugroho Stevanus K.、Kawahara Hajime、Gibson Neale P.、de Mooij Ernst J. W.、Hirano Teruyuki、et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal Letters

      Volume: 910 Issue: 1 Pages: L9-L9

    • DOI

      10.3847/2041-8213/abec71

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Global Mapping of an Exo-Earth using Sparse Modeling2020

    • Author(s)
      Masataka Aizawa, Hajime Kawahara, Siteng Fan
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 896 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-1

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ab8d30

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Global Mapping of the Surface Composition on an Exo-Earth Using Color Variability2020

    • Author(s)
      Kawahara Hajime
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 894 Issue: 1 Pages: 58-58

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ab87a1

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Obliquity of an Earth-like Planet from Frequency Modulation of Its Direct-imaged Lightcurve: Mock Analysis from General Circulation Model Simulation2020

    • Author(s)
      Nakagawa Yuta、Kodama Takanori、Ishiwatari Masaki、Kawahara Hajime、Suto Yasushi、Takahashi Yoshiyuki O.、Hashimoto George L.、Kuramoto Kiyoshi、Nakajima Kensuke、Takehiro Shin-ichi、Hayashi Yoshi-Yuki
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 898 Issue: 2 Pages: 95-95

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ab9eb8

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Detection of Fe i Emission in the Dayside Spectrum of WASP-33b2020

    • Author(s)
      Nugroho Stevanus K.、Gibson Neale P.、de Mooij Ernst J. W.、Herman Miranda K.、Watson Chris A.、Kawahara Hajime、Merritt Stephanie R.
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 898 Issue: 2 Pages: L31-L31

    • DOI

      10.3847/2041-8213/aba4b6

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Bayesian Dynamic Mapping of an Exo-Earth from Photometric Variability2020

    • Author(s)
      Kawahara Hajime、Masuda Kento
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 900 Issue: 1 Pages: 48-48

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/aba95e

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Dippers from the TESS Full-frame Images. I. Results of the First One Year Data and Discovery of a Runaway Dipper2020

    • Author(s)
      Tajiri Tomoyuki、Kawahara Hajime、Aizawa Masataka、Fujii Michiko S.、Hattori Kohei、Kasagi Yui、Kotani Takayuki、Masuda Kento、Momose Munetake、Muto Takayuki、Ohsawa Ryou、Takita Satoshi
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series

      Volume: 251 Issue: 2 Pages: 18-18

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4365/abbc17

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] 系外惑星高分散リトリーバルExoJAX:広帯域化アルゴリズム2023

    • Author(s)
      河原 創、他、ExoJAX contributors
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2023年春季年会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 系外惑星大気探査のためのオープンソース・プロジェクト: ExoJAX2022

    • Author(s)
      河原 創、他、ExoJAX contributors
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2022年秋季年会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] JASMINE2022

    • Author(s)
      河原 創, JASMINE collaboration
    • Organizer
      ISAS Astrobiology Exploration Symposium (ABEX)
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 太陽系外惑星・褐色矮星の高分散キャラクタリゼーションのための自動微分可能なスペクトルモデル2021

    • Author(s)
      河原創 (東大), 川島由依 (理研), 増田賢人 (大阪大), Ian J.M. Crossfield (U. Kansas)
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会秋期年会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] ExoJAX

    • URL

      https://github.com/HajimeKawahara/exojax

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report

URL: 

Published: 2020-04-28   Modified: 2024-01-30  

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