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Permafrost degradation and greenhouse gas fluxes in a boreal forest: how the soil and biological processes affect the surface-atmosphere interactions

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20H00640
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Medium-sized Section 63:Environmental analyses and evaluation and related fields
Research InstitutionJapan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

Principal Investigator

Kobayashi Hideki  国立研究開発法人海洋研究開発機構, 地球環境部門(北極環境変動総合研究センター), グループリーダー代理 (10392961)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 伊川 浩樹  国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構, 北海道農業研究センター, 主任研究員 (10754393)
滝川 雅之  国立研究開発法人海洋研究開発機構, 地球環境部門(北極環境変動総合研究センター), グループリーダー (30360754)
永野 博彦  新潟大学, 自然科学系, 助教 (40758918)
野口 享太郎  国立研究開発法人森林研究・整備機構, 森林総合研究所, 主任研究員 等 (70353802)
斉藤 和之  国立研究開発法人海洋研究開発機構, 地球環境部門(環境変動予測研究センター), 主任研究員 (70419133)
酒井 佑槙  苫小牧工業高等専門学校, 創造工学科, 准教授 (80862523)
Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥44,460,000 (Direct Cost: ¥34,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥10,260,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥9,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,100,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥11,050,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,550,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥15,470,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,570,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥8,840,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,040,000)
Keywords北方林 / 永久凍土 / 温室効果ガスフラックス / 土壌胴体 / 北極域温暖化 / 土壌動態
Outline of Research at the Start

アメリカやカナダの北方林は永久凍土地帯しており、近年の北極域温暖化による気温や地温の上昇により永久凍土層上部の融解が始まっている。近い将来凍土層が全面融解する可能性も指摘されているが、凍土融解がCO2などの温室効果ガスの吸収・放出過程に与える影響はあまり理解されていない。本研究の目的は、北米高緯度に広く分布するトウヒ林で世界に先駆けて土壌の温度上昇を人工的に再現した野外操作実験を行い温暖化が土壌の変化を通じてCO2放出や大気輸送に与える影響を理解ことである。本研究によって今後30-50年程度で起こりうる「急速な温暖化→凍土融解→植生活性・土壌変化→大気輸送変化」のメカニズムの定量化を目指す。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The objectives of this study was to develop the field warming experiment site in spruce forests which is widely distributed at high latitudes in North America, and comprehensively understand the CO2 gas exchange processes between the land surface and the atmospheric through the boundary layer. In this study, we developed an advanced soil temperature increase and permafrost thaw experimental system, and confirmed that the soil temperature increase and permafrost thaw were carried out almost as planned. In addition, we analyzed seasonal changes in soil respiration using a new soil warming experiment, and considered its complex behavior and its causes. Furthermore, analysis of eddy-correlated CO2 fluxes revealed that the amount of respiration during periods of plant inactivity in autumn, winter, and spring has increased over the long term at observation sites in recent years.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

北極周辺域ではこれまでヒーターなどの人工熱源を使った温暖化影響実験は行われてこなかった。本研究では、2021年度-2022年度に世界に先駆けて温暖化の影響を人工熱源で制御した形で実施する装置の開発と設置を行い、2023年度の実験施行結果から、ヒーター加熱開始から約2ヶ月後の7月には、当初目標としていたコントロール区との比較で約2.5℃の土壌温度上昇が達成され、活動層の下の永久凍土の融解が進む様子が確認できた。さらに永久凍土融解による生物過程や微気象過程の解明が進められるなど、温暖化によって今後50年の近未来の起こりうる生態系影響の理解が進んだことが学術的・社会的意義である。

Report

(6 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Annual Research Report
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Comments on the Screening Results   Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (34 results)

All 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (5 results) Journal Article (16 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 14 results,  Peer Reviewed: 15 results,  Open Access: 6 results) Presentation (12 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 7 results) Book (1 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] アラスカ大学フェアバンクス校(米国)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] アラスカ大学フェアバンクス校(米国)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ローレンスバークレー国立研究所(米国)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] モンタナ大学(米国)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Cranfield University(英国)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Interannual Variations in Spring Snowmelt Timing of Alaskan Black Spruce Forests Using a Bulk-Surface Energy Balance Approach2024

    • Author(s)
      Ikawa, H., Nakai, T., Busey, R. C., Harazono, Y., Ikeda, K., Iwata, H., Nagano, H., Saito, K., Ueyama, M., & Kobayashi, H.
    • Journal Title

      Water Resources Research

      Volume: - Issue: 5

    • DOI

      10.1029/2023wr035984

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Evaluating the Drought Code for lowland taiga of Interior Alaska using eddy covariance measurements2023

    • Author(s)
      Miller Eric A.、Iwata Hiroki、Ueyama Masahito、Harazono Yoshinobu、Kobayashi Hideki、Ikawa Hiroki、Busey Robert、Iwahana Go、Euskirchen Eugenie S.
    • Journal Title

      International Journal of Wildland Fire

      Volume: 32 Issue: 8 Pages: 1226-1243

    • DOI

      10.1071/wf22165

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] A boreal forest model benchmarking dataset for North America: a case study with the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC)2023

    • Author(s)
      Qu Bo、Roy Alexandre、Melton Joe R、Black T Andrew、Amiro Brian、Euskirchen Eugenie S、Ueyama Masahito、Kobayashi Hideki、Schulze Christopher、Gosselin Gabriel Hould、Cannon Alex J、Detto Matteo、Sonnentag Oliver
    • Journal Title

      Environmental Research Letters

      Volume: 18 Issue: 8 Pages: 085002-085002

    • DOI

      10.1088/1748-9326/ace376

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Ecosystem aboveground structures of an open-canopy black spruce forest in interior Alaska for ecosystem modeling2023

    • Author(s)
      Kobayashi,H., Y. Kim, T. Nakai, H. Ikawa, N. Shin, K. Noguchi, W. Yang, A. Hama, S. Matsumura, K. Ikeda and R. Suzuki
    • Journal Title

      Polar Data Journal

      Volume: 7 Pages: 72-88

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Spatiotemporally continuous temperature monitoring using optical fibers (Loop1) in the internal forest areas in Alaska for the period from 2015 to 20162023

    • Author(s)
      Saito, K., G. Iwahana, H. Ikawa, H. Nagano, and R. Busey,
    • Journal Title

      Polar Data Journal

      Volume: 7 Pages: 58-71

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Spatiotemporally continuous temperature monitoring using optical fibers (Loop1) in the internal forest areas in Alaska for the period from 2017 to 20192023

    • Author(s)
      Saito, K., G. Iwahana, H. Ikawa, H. Nagano, and R. Busey
    • Journal Title

      Polar Data Journal

      Volume: 8 Pages: 10-22

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high‐latitude net ecosystem carbon budget2023

    • Author(s)
      Watts Jennifer D.、Farina Mary、Kimball John S. et al (including Hiroki Ikawa and Hideki Kobayashi)
    • Journal Title

      Global Change Biology

      Volume: 29 Issue: 7 Pages: 1870-1889

    • DOI

      10.1111/gcb.16553

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] What explains the year-to-year variation in growing season timing of boreal black spruce forests?2022

    • Author(s)
      El-Amine Mariam、Roy Alexandre、Koebsch Franziska、Baltzer Jennifer L.、Barr Alan、Black Andrew、Ikawa Hiroki、Iwata Hiroki、Kobayashi Hideki、Ueyama Masahito、Sonnentag Oliver
    • Journal Title

      Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

      Volume: 324 Pages: 109113-109113

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109113

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Evaluating photosynthetic activity across Arctic-Boreal land cover types using solar-induced fluorescence2022

    • Author(s)
      Cheng Rui、Magney Troy S、Orcutt Erica L、Pierrat Zoe、K?hler Philipp、Bowling David R、Bret-Harte M Syndonia、Euskirchen Eug?nie S、Jung Martin、Kobayashi Hideki、Rocha Adrian V、Sonnentag Oliver、Stutz Jochen、Walther Sophia、Zona Donatella、Frankenberg Christian
    • Journal Title

      Environmental Research Letters

      Volume: 17 Issue: 11 Pages: 115009-115009

    • DOI

      10.1088/1748-9326/ac9dae

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The ABCflux database: Arctic-boreal CO2 flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems2022

    • Author(s)
      Virkkala, A., Ueyama, M., Kotani, A., et al.
    • Journal Title

      Earth System Science Data

      Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 179-208

    • DOI

      10.5194/essd-14-179-2022

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Statistical upscaling of ecosystem CO2 fluxes across the terrestrial tundra and boreal domain: Regional patterns and uncertainties2021

    • Author(s)
      Virkkala Anna-Maria、Aalto Juha、Rogers Brendan M.、Tagesson Torbern、Treat Claire C.、Natali Susan M.、Watts Jennifer D.、Potter Stefano、Lehtonen Aleksi、Mauritz Marguerite…Kobayashi Hideki…
    • Journal Title

      Global Change Biology

      Volume: 27 Issue: 17 Pages: 4040-4059

    • DOI

      10.1111/gcb.15659

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Soil respiration strongly offsets carbon uptake in Alaska and Northwest Canada2021

    • Author(s)
      Watts Jennifer D、Natali Susan M、Minions Christina、Risk Dave、Arndt Kyle、Zona Donatella、Euskirchen Eugenie S、Rocha Adrian V、Sonnentag Oliver、Helbig Manuel、Ikawa Hiroki…Kobayashi Hideki…
    • Journal Title

      Environmental Research Letters

      Volume: 16 Issue: 8 Pages: 084051-084051

    • DOI

      10.1088/1748-9326/ac1222

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Author Correction: The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data2021

    • Author(s)
      Pastorello Gilberto、Trotta Carlo、Canfora Eleonora、Chu Housen、Christianson Danielle、Cheah You-Wei、Poindexter Cristina、Chen Jiquan、Elbashandy Abdelrahman、Humphrey Marty、Isaac Peter、Polidori Diego、Reichstein Markus、Ribeca Alessio... Ikawa Hiroki, Hideki Kobayashi...
    • Journal Title

      Scientific Data

      Volume: 8 Issue: 1

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41597-021-00851-9

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Representativeness of Eddy-Covariance flux footprints for areas surrounding AmeriFlux sites2021

    • Author(s)
      Chu Housen、Luo Xiangzhong、Ouyang Zutao、Chan W. Stephen、Dengel Sigrid、Biraud Sabastien C.、Torn Margaret S.、Metzger Stefan、Kumar Jitendra、Arain M. Altaf、Arkebauer Tim J.、Baldocchi Dennis、Bernacchi Carl、Billesbach Dave、Black T. Andrew、Blanken Peter D.、Bohrer Gil...Ikawa Hiroki...Hideki Kobayashi
    • Journal Title

      Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

      Volume: 301-302 Pages: 108350-108350

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108350

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Temperature thresholds of ecosystem respiration at a global scale2021

    • Author(s)
      Johnston Alice S. A.、Meade Andrew、Ardo Jonas、Arriga Nicola、Black Andy、Blanken Peter D.、Bonal Damien、Brummer Christian、Cescatti Alessandro、Duek Jiri、Graf Alexander、Gioli Beniamino、Goded Ignacio、Gough Christopher M.、Ikawa Hiroki、Jassal Rachhpal、Kobayashi Hideki...
    • Journal Title

      Nature Ecology & Evolution

      Volume: 5 Issue: 4 Pages: 487-494

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41559-021-01398-z

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Investigating the sensitivity of soil heterotrophic respiration to recent snow cover changes in Alaska using a satellite-based permafrost carbon model2020

    • Author(s)
      Yi Yonghong、Kimball John S.、Watts Jennifer D.、Natali Susan M.、Zona Donatella、Liu Junjie、Ueyama Masahito、Kobayashi Hideki、Oechel Walter、Miller Charles E.
    • Journal Title

      Biogeosciences

      Volume: 17 Issue: 22 Pages: 5861-5882

    • DOI

      10.5194/bg-17-5861-2020

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] アラスカ内陸部永久凍土傾度における低木イソツツジ亜節2種の細根形質変異2024

    • Author(s)
      甘田岳、野口享太郎、岩花剛、小林秀樹
    • Organizer
      第71回日本生態学会大会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 永久凍土上のトウヒ疎林における自動開閉チャンバーによる土壌呼吸測定2023

    • Author(s)
      甘田 岳、伊川 浩樹、渡辺 力、森 章一、斎藤 史明、藤田 和之、小林 秀樹
    • Organizer
      北海道大学低温科学研究所技術報告会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Habitat segregation and trait variations of two Labrador tea species across permafrost gradients in interior Alaska2023

    • Author(s)
      Gaku Amada, Go Iwahana, Kyotaro Noguchi, Yojiro Matsuura, Hideki Kobayashi
    • Organizer
      International Boreal Forest Research Association
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Field soil warming effects on soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a sparse conifer forest underlain by permafrost in interior Alaska2023

    • Author(s)
      Gaku Amada, Hiroki Ikawa, Tsutomu Watanabe, Shoichi Mori, Fumiaki Saito, Kazuyuki Fujita, Hideki Kobayashi
    • Organizer
      AGU fall meeting 2023
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Seasonal Variations of Spectral Reflectance in Understory Plant Species in a Sparse Black Spruce Forest in Interior Alaska2023

    • Author(s)
      Hideki Kobayashi, Gaku Amada, G. Iwahana, W. Yang, A. Hama, Y. Kim
    • Organizer
      AGU fall meeting 2023
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] A Model-aided Analysis on the Spring Snowmelt Timing in Alaskan Black Spruce Forests underlain by Permafrost2023

    • Author(s)
      Ikawa, H., Nakai, T., Harazono, Y., Iwata, H., Nagano, H., Saito, K., Ueyama, M., & Kobayashi, H
    • Organizer
      International Symposium of Agricultural Meteorology
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Seasonal and spatial variations of spectral reflectance in understory plant communities in open black spruce forests in Interior Alaska2023

    • Author(s)
      H. Kobayashi, G. Amada, G. Iwahana, W. Yang, A. Hama, Y. Kim
    • Organizer
      The iLEAPS OzFlux Joint Conference
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Temporal and spatial patterns of remote sensing reflectance of understory vegetation in a sparse black spruce in interior Alaska2023

    • Author(s)
      H. Kobayashi, G. Amada, G. Iwahana, W. Yang, A. Hama, Y. Kim
    • Organizer
      Seventh International Symposium on Arctic Research
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Populations and leaf-trait variations of two Labrador-tea species across permafrost gradients in interior Alaska2023

    • Author(s)
      Gaku Amada, Go Iwahana, Kyotaro Noguchi, Yojiro Matsuura, Hideki Kobayashi
    • Organizer
      Seventh International Symposium on Arctic Research
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] アラスカ内陸部クロトウヒ疎林における土壌呼吸速度と土壌昇温実験計画2023

    • Author(s)
      甘田岳, 渡辺力, 森章一, 斎藤史明, 藤田和之, 伊川浩樹, 岩花剛, 永野博彦, 野口享太郎, 斉藤和之, 滝川雅之, 小林秀樹
    • Organizer
      日本生態学会第70回全国大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] アラスカ永久凍土傾度におけるイソツツジ亜節2種の個体群と葉形質変異2022

    • Author(s)
      甘田岳、岩花剛、野口享太郎、松浦陽次郎、小林秀樹
    • Organizer
      第54回種生物学シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] WRF/Chemを用いた"full-chemistry"モデルの開発: VPRMモデルによる森林起源CO2エミッションの検 証2021

    • Author(s)
      滝川雅之、Prabir Patra、小林秀樹
    • Organizer
      大気化学討論会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 北極域の研究: その現状と将来構想2024

    • Author(s)
      北極環境研究コンソーシアム長期構想編集委員会編(小林秀樹、斉藤和之が編集委員・担当書執筆者として参画)
    • Total Pages
      480
    • Publisher
      海文堂出版
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2020-04-28   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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