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The Origin of the Prehistoric Pastoral Nomads and its dairy product exploitation in West Asia

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20H01346
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 03050:Archaeology-related
Research InstitutionKanazawa University

Principal Investigator

Adachi Takuro  金沢大学, 古代文明・文化資源学研究所, 教授 (90276006)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 三宅 裕  筑波大学, 人文社会系, 教授 (60261749)
西秋 良宏  東京大学, 総合研究博物館, 教授 (70256197)
宮田 佳樹  東京大学, 総合研究博物館, 特任研究員 (70413896)
覚張 隆史  金沢大学, 古代文明・文化資源学研究所, 助教 (70749530)
板橋 悠  筑波大学, 人文社会系, 助教 (80782672)
Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help
¥16,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥12,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,870,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥6,110,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,410,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥5,070,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,170,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥5,590,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,290,000)
Keywords乳製品 / 新石器時代 / 銅石器時代 / 西アジア / 遊牧民 / 乳製品利用 / 先史時代 / タンパク質分析
Outline of Research at the Start

西アジア文明の基幹生業の一つは乳製品利用である。乳製品の活用により、穀物以外の保存可能な食糧を生産することが可能になった。しかし、乳製品利用がいつ、どのように始まったのか不明である。南レヴァントのガッスル文化(紀元前4800~3500年頃)は乳製品利用が開始された時期の一つであると想定されてきたが、具体的な証拠や考察は少ない。本研究では、金沢大学が調査したガッスル文化遺跡の出土遺物の分析を通して、遊牧民の始まりと乳製品の利用をリンクさせる。そして、遺跡出土の人の歯のエナメル質や歯石からどのような反芻動物の乳製品なのかを実証し、また、土器付着炭化物と人骨のコラーゲンから乳製品の種類を特定する。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

For COVID-19 problems, we could not survey in Jordan during the given period. Therefore we studied the previously excavated specimens. During the final year, we tried to conduct experimental archaeological activities. We boiled cow and goat milk with pottery in our laboratory and intentionally made carbon remains inside the pottery. The carbon remains were analyzed to check the protein and fat substances. Moreover, the scientific analysis tried to check the DNA materials in the carbon remains. We succeeded in finding the DNA components.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

1970年代に筑波大学がイランで調査した新石器時代のタペ・サンギ・チャハマック遺跡出土人骨を使用して、乳タンパクが検出されるか検討を進めることができた。また、トルコ、中央アナトリアのヒツジ飼養を開始した初期牧畜民の同位体分析を行い、その食習慣を復元した。その結果、初期牧畜民の動物性タンパク質(肉やミルク)摂取率は狩猟を主な生業としていた時期の人々と比べて、ほとんど変化していなかったことが明らかとなった。ミルク利用は狩猟の低調化による動物性タンパク質摂取の低下を補う働きをした可能性がある。そして、ヨルダンを中心にした新石器時代・銅石器時代の土製スプーンの研究を進め、形態分類案を提示できた。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2022 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (10 results)

All 2022 2021 2020

All Journal Article (8 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 4 results,  Peer Reviewed: 8 results,  Open Access: 6 results) Presentation (2 results)

  • [Journal Article] Chalcolithic Ceramic Spoons from Harriet al -Juhayra 1 and 2, Southern Jordan.2022

    • Author(s)
      Takuro Adachi and Sumio Fujii
    • Journal Title

      Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan

      Volume: 14 Pages: 134-143

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Human skeletal remains from Hasankeyf Hoyuk, a sedentary hunter-gatherer site in southeast Anatolia.2022

    • Author(s)
      Kondo, O., Tashiro, M., Miyake, Y.
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science

      Volume: 130(2) Pages: 121-134

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Pig management in the Neolithic Near East and East Asia clarified with isotope analyses of bulk collagen and amino acids2022

    • Author(s)
      Itahashi Yu
    • Journal Title

      Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution

      Volume: 10 Pages: 1-15

    • DOI

      10.3389/fevo.2022.944104

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Neolithization during the 6th millennium BCE in western Central Asia: New evidence from Kaynar Kamar Rockshelter, Hissar Mountains, Southeast Uzbekistan2022

    • Author(s)
      Nishiaki Yoshihiro、Aripdjanov Otabek、Arai Saiji、Akashi Chie、Nakata Hiroto、Sayfullayev Bakhtiyor、Ergashev Odil、Suleimanov Rustam
    • Journal Title

      Archaeological Research in Asia

      Volume: 30 Pages: 100352-100352

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.ara.2022.100352

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The impact of the transition from broad-spectrum hunting to sheep herding on human meat consumption: Multi-isotopic analyses of human bone collagen at Asikli Hoyuk, Turkey2021

    • Author(s)
      Itahashi Yu、Stiner Mary C.、Erdal Omur Dilek、Duru Gunes、Erdal Yilmaz Selim、Miyake Yutaka、Gural Demet、Yoneda Minoru、Ozbasaran Mihriban
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Archaeological Science

      Volume: 136 Pages: 105505-105505

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.jas.2021.105505

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The Pre-Pottery Neolithic Water-well at Tell Seker al-Aheimar, Upper Mesopotamia: The Social Contexts of its Construction and Management2021

    • Author(s)
      Nishiaki Yoshihiro
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society

      Volume: 87 Pages: 161-172

    • DOI

      10.1017/ppr.2021.3

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Investigating early husbandry strategies in the southern Caucasus: intra-tooth sequential carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of Neolithic goats, sheep, and cattle from Goeytepe and Haci Elamxanli Tepe2021

    • Author(s)
      Hirose, M., Naito, Y. I., Kadowaki, S., Arai, S., Guliyev, F., Nishiaki, Y.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

      Volume: 36 Pages: 102869-102869

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.102869

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Dietary diversity of Bronze-Iron Age populations of Kazakhstan quantitatively estimated though the compound-specific nitrogen analysis of amino acids2020

    • Author(s)
      Itahashi, Y., A. Ananyevskaya, M. Yoneda, A. R. Ventresca Miller, Y. Nishiaki, and G. Motuzaite Matuzeviciute
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Archaeological Science Reports

      Volume: 33 Pages: 102565-102565

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102565

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 西アジア先史時代のスプーン2022

    • Author(s)
      足立拓朗
    • Organizer
      日本西アジア考古学会 第27回総会・大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 南れヴァント、ガッスル文化の土器と乳製品利用2022

    • Author(s)
      足立拓朗
    • Organizer
      日本オリエント学会 第64回年次大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2020-04-28   Modified: 2024-01-30  

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