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Construction of scientific inference program based on philosophy of science and of statistics

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20H01736
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 09080:Science education-related
Research InstitutionHokkaido University

Principal Investigator

Matsuo Masahiro  北海道大学, 理学研究院, 教授 (60333499)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 大久保 祐作  岡山大学, 環境生命自然科学学域, 講師 (60871100)
島谷 健一郎  統計数理研究所, データ科学研究系, 准教授 (70332129)
森元 良太  北海道医療大学, リハビリテーション科学部, 准教授 (70648500)
川本 思心  北海道大学, 理学研究院, 准教授 (90593046)
Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥9,620,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,220,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥2,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥600,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
Keywords科学哲学 / モデル論 / 統計モデル / 科学教育 / 科学的推論 / 統計学 / 科学モデル / 統計哲学 / 科学論教育 / 科学哲学教育 / 科学基礎論教育
Outline of Research at the Start

近年、科学において再現不可能な研究が増えている。これは、自らの科学的方法を適切に吟味できる批判的推論能力を欠く科学者が増えていることを意味しする。本研究は、こうした推論能力育成の科学教育プログラムを科学哲学に基づいて構築することを目的とする。ただし、科学哲学では多くの場合データを「論理」に基づいて分析するのに対し、科学では統計学的分析が中心である。本研究ではこのギャップを埋めて科学哲学の優れた批判力を推論教育に活かすために、科学哲学の諸テーマを統計学的に再解釈することを試みる。そのような再解釈された科学哲学をもとに教育プログラムを構築し、授業実践を通じてプログラムの教育効果について検討を行う。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The goal of this research is to discover the points of contact between mathematical and statistical models and discussions in the philosophy of science, to clarify the philosophical viewpoints of science that are useful for model evaluation, and to create educationally effective programs. The results of this research are mainly as follow. ①Publishing ``Messages from the Philosophy of Science,'' which explores the connections between traditional scientific philosophical issues and statistics. ② Special feature papers on statistical philosophy regarding the likelihood principle and the conflict between Bayesianism and frequentism. ③ Holding an international symposium on the philosophy of science ``Science and Models'' inviting R. Frigg of LSE and others, and holding a science cafe on the points of contact between model theory in the philosophy of science and art. ④ Holding a symposium aimed at integrating scientific model theory at the World Philosophy of Science Society (CLMPST).

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

従来科学哲学において積極的に論じられることのなかった統計学との接点、あるいは実際の科学で用いられる数理モデルや統計モデルと哲学的議論の接点について多くを明らかにすることができた。これは、当初の狙いである、「科学において欠如していると思われる方法論への批判的視点」の構築に資するものであると考える。また、こうした議論を教育プログラムとして構築する上で、科学モデル論構築における想像力の働きと、アート作品における作品における想像力の働きを比較するという新たな視点を得てサイエンスカフェとして実施したが、これにより今後、科学教育の一環としてモデル論を教育プログラムとして構築する重要な手がかりが得られた。

Report

(5 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Annual Research Report
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (33 results)

All 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020

All Journal Article (13 results) (of which Open Access: 9 results,  Peer Reviewed: 5 results) Presentation (18 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 5 results,  Invited: 8 results) Book (1 results) Funded Workshop (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] How scientific understanding is achieved by idealized models2024

    • Author(s)
      高橋 和孝
    • Journal Title

      Linkage: Studies in Applied Philosophy of Science

      Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Pages: 1-8

    • DOI

      10.50824/linkage.3.2_1

    • ISSN
      2435-9084
    • Year and Date
      2024-03-31
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Mathematical equivalence of the MNIST dataset and philosophical predicate space2023

    • Author(s)
      Yuki Ozaki
    • Journal Title

      Linkage: Studies in Applied Philosophy of Science

      Volume: 3 Issue: 0 Pages: 7-13

    • DOI

      10.50824/linkage.3.0_7

    • ISSN
      2435-9084
    • Year and Date
      2023-07-22
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 数理モデルをめぐる、最近の科学哲学論争から2023

    • Author(s)
      松王 政浩
    • Journal Title

      現代思想

      Volume: 51 Pages: 119-130

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Seismology and Value Judgment Argument —Old and New Problem Posed in the L’Aquila Trial2022

    • Author(s)
      Masahiro Matsuo
    • Journal Title

      Linkage: Studies in Applied Philosophy of Science

      Volume: 2 Issue: 0 Pages: 1-6

    • DOI

      10.50824/linkage.2.0_1

    • ISSN
      2435-9084
    • Year and Date
      2022-04-22
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] <i>Editorial Note on the Special Issue</i>2021

    • Author(s)
      MATSUO Masahiro
    • Journal Title

      Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science

      Volume: 30 Issue: 0 Pages: 1-3

    • DOI

      10.4288/jafpos.30.0_1

    • NAID

      130008128836

    • ISSN
      0453-0691, 1884-1228
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] <i>Philosophy of Statistical Sciences: The Roles of Mathematics and Statistical Models in Estimation and Other Inductive Inferences</i>2021

    • Author(s)
      SHIMATANI Kenichiro
    • Journal Title

      Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science

      Volume: 30 Issue: 0 Pages: 5-22

    • DOI

      10.4288/jafpos.30.0_5

    • NAID

      130008128829

    • ISSN
      0453-0691, 1884-1228
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] <i>Revisiting the Two Predominant Statistical Problems: The Stopping-rule Problem and the Catch-all Hypothesis Problem</i>2021

    • Author(s)
      OHKUBO Yusaku
    • Journal Title

      Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science

      Volume: 30 Issue: 0 Pages: 23-41

    • DOI

      10.4288/jafpos.30.0_23

    • NAID

      130008128833

    • ISSN
      0453-0691, 1884-1228
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] <i>Stop and Think About p-Value Statistics: Fisher, Neyman, and E. Pearson Revisited</i>2021

    • Author(s)
      MORIMOTO Ryota
    • Journal Title

      Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science

      Volume: 30 Issue: 0 Pages: 43-65

    • DOI

      10.4288/jafpos.30.0_43

    • NAID

      130008128854

    • ISSN
      0453-0691, 1884-1228
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] <i>Revisit to the Likelihood Principle</i>2021

    • Author(s)
      MATSUO Masahiro
    • Journal Title

      Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science

      Volume: 30 Issue: 0 Pages: 67-84

    • DOI

      10.4288/jafpos.30.0_67

    • NAID

      130008128828

    • ISSN
      0453-0691, 1884-1228
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] <i>A Philosophical Analysis of the Updating Rule in a Bayesian Perceptual Learning Model</i>2021

    • Author(s)
      OZAKI Yuki
    • Journal Title

      Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science

      Volume: 30 Issue: 0 Pages: 85-98

    • DOI

      10.4288/jafpos.30.0_85

    • NAID

      130008128827

    • ISSN
      0453-0691, 1884-1228
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Categorical Pluralism of Causality2021

    • Author(s)
      Masahiro Matsuo
    • Journal Title

      Linkage: Studies in Applied Philosophy of Science

      Volume: 1 Issue: 0 Pages: 1-8

    • DOI

      10.50824/linkage.1.0_1

    • NAID

      130008021128

    • ISSN
      2435-9084
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 推定目的の統計モデルを用いる帰納推論における 数学・演繹の位置付けと役割2021

    • Author(s)
      島谷健一郎
    • Journal Title

      Linkage: Studies in Applied Philosophy of Science

      Volume: 1 Issue: 0 Pages: 32-41

    • DOI

      10.50824/linkage.1.0_32

    • NAID

      130008021135

    • ISSN
      2435-9084
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 帰納論理とベイズ統計2021

    • Author(s)
      髙橋和孝
    • Journal Title

      Linkage: Studies in Applied Philosophy of Science

      Volume: 1 Issue: 0 Pages: 26-31

    • DOI

      10.50824/linkage.1.0_26

    • NAID

      130008021133

    • ISSN
      2435-9084
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access
  • [Presentation] How construction and evaluation of scientific models can be incorporated into philosophical model theories2023

    • Author(s)
      Masahiro Matsuo
    • Organizer
      CLMPST
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Languages and models: beyond the syntax-semantics debate2023

    • Author(s)
      Kazutaka Takahashi
    • Organizer
      CLMPST
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Philosophical issues in ecology do not cover data and statistical modelling but are biased to mathematical models and laws2023

    • Author(s)
      Kenichiro Shimatani
    • Organizer
      CLMPST
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Subjectivity in Scientific Modelling2023

    • Author(s)
      Ryota Morimoto
    • Organizer
      CLMPST
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] The status of the statistical predictionalism on the philosophy of scientific model representations2023

    • Author(s)
      Yusaku Ohkubo
    • Organizer
      CLMPST
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] A Philosophical analysis of the ambiguity problem in a statistical model of human perceptual learning2023

    • Author(s)
      Yuki Ozaki
    • Organizer
      CLMPST
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] プラグマティズム科学モデル論の先にあるもの2023

    • Author(s)
      松王政浩
    • Organizer
      日本科学哲学会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 理解と理想化-科学的理解のツールとしての科学モデル2023

    • Author(s)
      髙橋和孝
    • Organizer
      日本科学哲学会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 生物多様性における法則と予測-数理モデルと統計モデルと科学哲学2023

    • Author(s)
      島谷健一郎
    • Organizer
      日本科学哲学会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ディープニューラルネットワークを用いた画像認識技術と科学哲学モデル論の接点について2023

    • Author(s)
      尾崎有紀
    • Organizer
      日本科学哲学会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Understanding Scientific Representation2022

    • Author(s)
      Roman Frigg
    • Organizer
      Symposium on Science and Model
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Bayesianism, Fictionalism, and Predictive Synthesis2022

    • Author(s)
      Kenichiro McAlinn
    • Organizer
      Symposium on Science and Model
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Does Philosophical Discussion about Ecological Modelling Contribute to the Developments of Ecological Studies?2022

    • Author(s)
      Kenichiro Shimatani
    • Organizer
      Symposium on Science and Model
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Subjectivity and Scientific Modelling2022

    • Author(s)
      Ryota Morimoto
    • Organizer
      Symposium on Science and Model
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] he Frequentists Strategies of Model Representations: Its Diversity and Status2022

    • Author(s)
      Yusaku Ohkubo
    • Organizer
      Symposium on Science and Model
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 科学の不確実性と価値判断2021

    • Author(s)
      松王政浩
    • Organizer
      司法研修所研修会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 科学哲学という統計学への第3の入り口2021

    • Author(s)
      島谷健一郎
    • Organizer
      日本統計学会統計教育委員会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 統計を使うと何が言えるか~科学哲学からの統計学再入門2020

    • Author(s)
      森元良太
    • Organizer
      数理統計研究所医療健康データ科学センター
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Book] 科学哲学からのメッセージ2020

    • Author(s)
      松王政浩
    • Total Pages
      384
    • Publisher
      森北出版
    • ISBN
      9784627973510
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Funded Workshop] Symposium on Science and Model2022

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2020-04-28   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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