| Budget Amount *help |
¥16,120,000 (Direct Cost: ¥12,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,720,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥3,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥900,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥3,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥900,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥3,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥900,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This research was aimed at generalizing the modern theory on the polarization and the orbital magnetization of insulators to higher order moments such as quadrupoles. In fact, several results were obtained for insulators with quadrupole and octupole moments, including their formulation and the prediction of fractional angular charges. Another direction obtained through these studies is that, in studying non-uniform symmetries, important findings on degeneracy of the ground states of topologically ordered phases and spontaneously symmetry-breaking phases were obtained in this study.
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