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Characteristics of dawn-noon side auroras and atmospheric composition changes revealed by ground-based spectroscopic and imaging observations in short wavelength infrared

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20H01962
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 17010:Space and planetary sciences-related
Research InstitutionNational Institute of Polar Research

Principal Investigator

西山 尚典  国立極地研究所, 先端研究推進系, 助教 (00704876)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 鍵谷 将人  東北大学, 理学研究科, 助教 (30436076)
土屋 史紀  東北大学, 理学研究科, 准教授 (10302077)
津田 卓雄  電気通信大学, 大学院情報理工学研究科, 准教授 (90444421)
岩佐 祐希  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 計量標準総合センター, 研究員 (90838947)
Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Granted (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥17,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥11,960,000 (Direct Cost: ¥9,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,760,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥2,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥600,000)
Keywords短波長赤外光学観測 / オーロラ / 大型レーダー / 大気光 / 北極上部中間圏 / 短波長赤外 / 分光 / 北極環境 / 中間圏界面 / 装置開発 / 近赤外分光
Outline of Research at the Start

古くよりオーロラの光学観測(カメラや分光器)は,太陽と宇宙空間,地球超高層大気(高度80-500km)の相互作用の理解にとって重要な役割を果たしてきた.しかし,空の明るい「昼側」の オーロラの計測に対して未だ有効な手段がないのが現状である.本研究の目的は,従来の可視光に代えて近赤外波長で発光するオーロラの計測を達成する事で,昼側の超高層大気への太陽・宇宙空間からのエネルギーの流れの特徴を解明する事である.申請者が開発した分光器と本課題で製作するカメラを用いた近赤外地上観測によって,昼側オーロラのエネルギー量,空間範囲そして時間スケールなどをレーダーや電波観測を組み合わせて定量的に導出する。

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

2022年11月に短波長赤外(1.1-1.3μm)に感度を持つ高分散分光器を,ロングイヤビエンのThe Kjell Henriksen Observatory (KHO)の光学ドームへの設置を完了した.また,分光観測の補完のため波長1.1μm における単色カメラも分光器と同じドームに設置・観測を開始している.設置終了後から,2023年3月末現在で大きなデータ欠測なく運用しており,分光器は2023年5月初頭,カメラは2023年4月初頭まで観測継続予定である.また,2023年1月22日および23日にはEISCAT Svalbard radar (ESR)の特別実験を実施し,光学機器との同時観測を行った.分光器は観測波長と波長分解能の異なる4つのモードを有しており,3つのモードにおいてオーロラ発光を合計10例程度観測することに成功している.
2023年1月21日の観測では,18:45UT前後にオーロラの活動度が上昇し,分光器の高分散モードによって時間分解能30秒で非常に強いN2+分子イオンのMeinel(0,0)バンドの発光が検出された.発光強度は最大で40kRを超えており,イメージャーで撮像されたバンド状のオーロラ発光の時間発展や絶対強度と整合的である.短波長赤外オーロラにおける分光及び単色イメージングの同時観測例は今まで無く,現在初期結果として論文執筆中である.
2022年11月24日の観測では,OH大気光の(7,4)及び(8,5)バンドに加えて,O2のIRバンド(1.27 um)をのスペクトルを高いS/Nで検出し,この晩では,1晩平均温度の推定における観測誤差がOH(7,4) で 16.5K 程度,OH(8,5) で 2.0K程度であった.OH(8,5)バンドについては,10分の時間分解能で5K程度の誤差で温度導出が可能であることを確認した.

Current Status of Research Progress
Current Status of Research Progress

2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.

Reason

これまで開発・試験してきた分光器および単色カメラのKHOへの設置が完了し,無事に観測を開始できた.世界で初めて波長1.1 umのN2+分子イオンオーロラの分光およびイメージングによる同時観測を達成するなど,高品質のデータを順調に取得できている.

Strategy for Future Research Activity

今後はESR同時観測イベントに着目し,発光プロセスに未解明な点が多いN2+分子イオンの1.1 um帯オーロラの発光高度や降下粒子のエネルギー分布を定量的に推定する.分光器のデータにおける薄明時の背景光の除去手法を確立させ,薄明時/日照時のオーロラ検出に取り組む.また,オーロラ発光スペクトルにN2+分子イオンの回転運動に起因する微細構造が確認できているため,理論モデルとの比較からN2+分子イオンの回転温度の導出に取り組み,オーロラ発光高度における大気温度の導出やジュール加熱の寄与について議論を進める予定である.

Report

(3 results)
  • 2022 Annual Research Report
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (21 results)

All 2023 2022 2021 2020 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (5 results) Journal Article (2 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 2 results,  Peer Reviewed: 2 results,  Open Access: 2 results) Presentation (13 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 7 results,  Invited: 1 results) Remarks (1 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] University Centre In Svalbard(ノルウェー)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Swedish Institute of Space Physics(スウェーデン)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Swedish Institute of Space Physics(スウェーデン)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University Centre In Svalbard(ノルウェー)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Swedish Institute of Space Physics(スウェーデン)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Temporal evolutions of N2+ Meinel (1,2) band near 1.5 um associated with aurora breakup and their effects on mesopause temperature estimations from OH Meinel (3,1) band2021

    • Author(s)
      Nishiyama Takanori, Taguchi Makoto, Suzuki Hidehiko, Dalin Peter, Ogawa Yasunobu, Brandstrom Urban, Sakanoi Takeshi
    • Journal Title

      Earth, Planets and Space

      Volume: 73 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-12

    • DOI

      10.1186/s40623-021-01360-0

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] OI 630.0‐nm and N2 1PG Emissions in Pulsating Aurora Events Observed by an Optical Spectrograph at Tromso, Norway2020

    • Author(s)
      Tsuda T. T., Li C., Hamada S., Hosokawa K., Oyama S.‐i., Nozawa S., Kawabata T., Mizuno A., Kurihara J., Nishiyama T., Kosch M. J.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

      Volume: 125 Issue: 12 Pages: 1-11

    • DOI

      10.1029/2020ja028250

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] A new spectroscopic and imaging observation of short-wavelength infrared aurora and airglow (1.00-1.35μm) at Longyearbyen (78.1°N, 16.0°E) coordinated with EISCAT Svalbard radar2023

    • Author(s)
      Takanori Nishiyama, Masato Kagitani, Senri Furutachi, Takuo T. Tsuda, Yuki Iwasa, Yasunobu Ogawa, Fuminori Tsuchiya, Peter Dalin, Satonori Nozawa, Fred Sigernes
    • Organizer
      ISAR-7 / Seventh International Symposium on Arctic Research
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Spectroscopic and imaging observations of short-wavelength infrared (1.1-1.2 μm) aurora and airglow at Longyearbyen (78.2°N, 16.0°E) coordinated with EISCAT Svalbard radar2022

    • Author(s)
      Takanori Nishiyama, Masato Kagitani, Yasunobu Ogawa, Fuminori Tsuchiya, Takuo T. Tsuda
    • Organizer
      Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2022
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] A new spectroscopic and imaging observations of short-wavelength infrared (1.1-1.3 μm) aurora and airglow at Longyearbyen (78.2°N, 16.0°E) coordinated with EISCAT Svalbard radar:Ionospheric-atmospheric coupling in polar region2022

    • Author(s)
      Takanori Nishiyama, Masato Kagitani, Yasunobu Ogawa, Fuminori Tsuchiya, Takuo T. Tsuda
    • Organizer
      44th COSPAR Scientific Assembly
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] A new spectroscopic and imaging observation of SWIR aurora and airglow (1.1-1.3 μm) at Longyearbyen with EISCAT Svalbard radar2022

    • Author(s)
      Takanori Nishiyama, Masato Kagitani, Yasunobu Ogawa, Takuo T. Tsuda, Senri Furutachi, Yuki Iwasa, Fuminori Tsuchiya
    • Organizer
      The 152nd SGEPSS General Assembly
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] A plan of new spectroscopic and imaging observation of short- wavelength infrared aurora and airglow (1.05-1.35 μm) at Longyearbyen (78.1°N, 16.0°E) coordinated with EISCAT Svalbard radar2022

    • Author(s)
      Takanori Nishiyama, Masato Kagitani, Senri Furutachi, Takuo T. Tsuda, Yuki Iwasa, Yasunobu Ogawa, Fuminori Tsuchiya, Fred Sigernes
    • Organizer
      The 13rd Symposium on Polar Science
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 短波長赤外イメージング分光器を組み合わせた 薄明時におけるオーロラの検出2022

    • Author(s)
      西山尚典, 小川泰信, 土屋史紀, 津田卓雄, 坂野井健, Fred Sigernes
    • Organizer
      EISCATシンポジウム 2022
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Spectroscopic and imaging observations for short-wavelength infrared aurora and airglow at Longyearbyen (78.2°N, 15.6°E) coordinated with EISCAT Svalbard radar and VLF/LF radio wave receivers2021

    • Author(s)
      Takanori Nishiyama, Masato Kagitani, Yasunobu Ogawa, Fuminori Tsuchiya, Keisuke Hosokawa, Takeshi Sakanoi
    • Organizer
      Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2021
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 新観測ロケットと地上観測との連携について(コメント):1 In-situ微量大気成分観測と極域大型レーダーの同時観測2021

    • Author(s)
      西山尚典
    • Organizer
      宇宙空間からの地球超高層大気観測に関する研究会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 短波長赤外(1.0-1.6 μm)におけるオーロラ・大気光の分光観測: 昭和基地における観測データ公開の実例2021

    • Author(s)
      西山尚典
    • Organizer
      極域データの保全・公開と利活用に関する研究集会-II
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Spectroscopic and imaging observations of SWIR aurora (1.1-1.3 microns) at Longyearbyen: Current status of the developments2021

    • Author(s)
      Takanori Nishiyama, Masato Kagitani, Yasunobu Ogawa, Fuminori Tsuchiya, Takuo Tsuda, Takeshi Sakanoi
    • Organizer
      The 150th SGEPSS General Assembly, Online
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Spectral investigations on short-wavelength infrared airglow and aurora (0.9-1.6 μm) at Syowa station (69.0°S, 39.6°E) using a Czerny-Turner type 1-D imaging spectrograph: A comparison study to a panchromatic InGaAs camera and a resonance scattering lidar2021

    • Author(s)
      T. Nishiyama, T. Nakamura, M. Taguchi, M. K. Ejiri, T. T. Tsuda, H. Suzuki, T. Sakanoi, K. Tsuno, T. Ogawa, S. Wada
    • Organizer
      43rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Spectral investigations on short-wavelength infrared aurora and airglow (0.9-1.6 μm): Ground-based observations in the both polar regions and developments of 2-D imaging spectrograph with high resolutions2020

    • Author(s)
      Takanori Nishiyama, Makoto Taguchi, Masato Kagitani, Yasunobu Ogawa, Hidehiko Suzuki, Takeshi Sakanoi, Fuminori Tsuchiya, Peter Dalin, Urban Braendstroem
    • Organizer
      JpGU - AGU Joint Meeting 2020
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Temporal evolutions of N2+ Meinel (1,2) band near 1.5 μm associated with aurora breakup and their effects on mesopause temperature estimations from OH Meinel (3,1) band2020

    • Author(s)
      T. Nishiyama, M. Taguchi, H. Suzuki, P. Dalin, Y. Ogawa, U. Braendstroem, T. Sakanoi
    • Organizer
      The 11th Symposium on Polar Science
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Remarks] NIRAS Data

    • URL

      https://polaris.nipr.ac.jp/~niras/index.html#!data.md

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2020-04-28   Modified: 2024-12-25  

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