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Establishment of continuous atmospheric CO2 record for the past 7 million years

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20H01978
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 17020:Atmospheric and hydrospheric sciences-related
Research InstitutionJapan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (2021-2023)
Kobe University (2020)

Principal Investigator

Kubota Kaoru  国立研究開発法人海洋研究開発機構, 海域地震火山部門(地震発生帯研究センター), 研究員 (80774075)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 石川 剛志  国立研究開発法人海洋研究開発機構, 超先鋭研究開発部門(高知コア研究所), 研究所長代理 (30270979)
Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥17,810,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,110,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥3,380,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥780,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥6,760,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,560,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥7,670,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,770,000)
Keywords二酸化炭素 / 地球温暖化 / 地球化学 / ホウ素同位体 / 海底堆積物 / 有孔虫 / 炭素循環
Outline of Research at the Start

二酸化炭素は地球温暖化の原因物質であり、過去の気候変動においても重要な因子の一つであった。しかしながら、過去の大気中の二酸化炭素濃度の復元は過去80万年前までしか信頼できる記録が得られておらず、それよりも古い時代についてはよくわかっていない。本研究では、海底堆積物に保存される有孔虫の化石のホウ素の同位体を高精度に分析することを通じて、過去700万年間の大気の二酸化炭素濃度を高解像度かつ連続的に復元する。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

In this study, we utilized the boron isotope proxy in the shells of planktonic foraminifera collected from marine sediment, an established method in paleoclimatology, to create a continuous record of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations from the late Miocene (about 7 million years ago) to the present. Boron is known to be susceptible to contamination (due to its prevalence in everyday materials such as borosilicate glass); our study faced significant contamination issues, forcing us to reject many analysis results. However, interpreting the uncontaminated results revealed that during the transition from the late Miocene to the Holocene, the climate gradually became colder, and the atmospheric carbon dioxide levels also showed a long-term decline.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

「地球沸騰化」や「海洋熱波」という言葉が世間に知られるようになるなど、地球温暖化は確実に進行している。大気中の二酸化炭素濃度がなかなか下がらない現状、今後も地球温暖化は進行する見込みとなっている。将来どれほど地球が温暖化し、海水準が上昇するかを予測する上で、過去の温暖期の二酸化炭素濃度、気温、海水準といった気候を高確度で復元することは非常に重要である。本研究では、地球温暖化の過去のアナログの一つである、中期鮮新世温暖期(約330万年前)を含む、過去700万年間の二酸化炭素濃度復元に取り組んだ。分析上の困難さでなかなかうまくいかなかったが、今後も努力を続けたいと考えている。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2023 Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Annual Research Report
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (29 results)

All 2023 2022 2021 2020 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (3 results) Journal Article (13 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 4 results,  Peer Reviewed: 13 results,  Open Access: 9 results) Presentation (13 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 4 results,  Invited: 5 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] カーディフ大学(英国)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] コロンビア大学(米国)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] サラマンカ大学(スペイン)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Orbital Forcing and Evolution of the Southern African Monsoon From Late Miocene to Early Pliocene2023

    • Author(s)
      de Azevedo Allana Queiroz、Jimenez‐Espejo Francisco J.、Bulian Francesca、Sierro Francisco J.、Tangunan Deborah、Takashimizu Yasuhiro、Albuquerque Ana Luiza S.、Kubota Kaoru、Escutia Carlota、Norris Richard D.、Hemming Sidney R.、Hall Ian R.
    • Journal Title

      Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology

      Volume: 38 Issue: 9

    • DOI

      10.1029/2022pa004588

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Dataset for the establishment of an age model of marine sediment core KH19-6 Leg.4 PC10/MC14 collected from the Agulhas Ridge in the South Atlantic Ocean2023

    • Author(s)
      Kubota Kaoru、Tanabe Rosaaideihn、Ikehara Minoru、Kozaka Yukiko、Seike Koji、Miyairi Yosuke、Yokoyama Yusuke
    • Journal Title

      Data in Brief

      Volume: 46 Pages: 108797-108797

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.dib.2022.108797

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Data report: radiocarbon age of planktonic foraminifera collected at Site U1474, Natal Valley, IODP Expedition 3612023

    • Author(s)
      Kubota K.、Yokoyama Y.、Miyairi Y.
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program Volume 361

      Volume: 361

    • DOI

      10.14379/iodp.proc.361.203.2023

    • ISBN
      9781954252547
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Persistent influence of precession on northern ice sheet variability since the early Pleistocene2022

    • Author(s)
      Barker, S., Starr, A., van der Lubbe, J., Doughty, A., Knorr, G., Conn, S., Lordsmith, S., Owen, L., Nederbragt, A., Hemming, S., Hall, I., Levay, L., IODP Exp 361 Shipboard Scientific Party (including Kubota, K.)
    • Journal Title

      Science

      Volume: 376 Issue: 6596 Pages: 961-967

    • DOI

      10.1126/science.abm4033

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Development of an Easier Method to Quantify Minor and Trace Metal Composition of Biological Soft Tissue2021

    • Author(s)
      窪田 薫、白井 厚太朗、眞塩 麻彩実、栗田 豊
    • Journal Title

      東京大学大気海洋研究所国際沿岸海洋研究センター研究報告=Bulletin of the International Coastal Research Center

      Volume: 37 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-5

    • DOI

      10.15083/0002000482

    • NAID

      120007115956

    • URL

      https://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/records/2000482

    • Year and Date
      2021-07-12
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Antarctic icebergs reorganize ocean circulation during Pleistocene glacials2021

    • Author(s)
      Aidan Starr, Ian R. Hall, Stephen Barker, Thomas Rackow, Xu Zhang, Sidney R. Hemming, H. J. L. van der Lubbe, Gregor Knorr, Melissa A. Berke, Grant R. Bigg, Alejandra Cartagena-Sierra, Francisco J. Jimenez-Espejo, Xun Gong, Jens Gruetzner, Expedition 361 Science Party (Kaoru Kubota et al.) et al.
    • Journal Title

      Nature

      Volume: 589 Issue: 7841 Pages: 236-241

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41586-020-03094-7

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report 2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Plio‐Pleistocene Continental Hydroclimate and Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperatures at the Southeast African Margin2021

    • Author(s)
      Taylor Audrey K.、Berke Melissa A.、Castaeda Isla S.、Koutsodendris Andreas、Campos Hernan、Hall Ian R.、Hemming Sidney R.、LeVay Leah J.、Sierra Alejandra Cartagena、O'Connor Keith、Expedition 361 Scientists (Kaoru Kubota et al.)
    • Journal Title

      Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology

      Volume: 36 Issue: 3

    • DOI

      10.1029/2020pa004186

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report 2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Comprehensive analysis of laboratory boron contamination for boron isotope analyses of small carbonate samples2021

    • Author(s)
      Kubota Kaoru、Ishikawa Tsuyoshi、Nagaishi Kazuya、Kawai Tatsuya、Sagawa Takuya、Ikehara Minoru、Yokoyama Yusuke、Yamazaki Toshitsugu
    • Journal Title

      Chemical Geology

      Volume: 576 Pages: 120280-120280

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120280

    • NAID

      120007098980

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Latitudinal Migrations of the Subtropical Front at the Agulhas Plateau Through the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition2021

    • Author(s)
      Cartagena‐Sierra Alejandra、Berke Melissa A.、Robinson Rebecca S.、Marcks Basia、Castaneda Isla S.、Starr Aidan、Hall Ian R.、Hemming Sidney R.、LeVay Leah J.、Expedition 361 Scientific Party (Kaoru Kubota et al.)
    • Journal Title

      Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology

      Volume: 36 Issue: 7

    • DOI

      10.1029/2020pa004084

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] EVIDENCE OF MASS MORTALITY OF THE LONG-LIVED BIVALVE MERCENARIA STIMPSONI CAUSED BY A CATASTROPHIC TSUNAMI2021

    • Author(s)
      Kubota Kaoru、Shirai Kotaro、Murakami-Sugihara Naoko、Seike Koji、Minami Masayo、Nakamura Toshio、Tanabe Kazushige
    • Journal Title

      Radiocarbon

      Volume: 63 Issue: 6 Pages: 1629-1644

    • DOI

      10.1017/rdc.2021.98

    • NAID

      120007188930

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Marine carbon cycle revealed by geochemistry of biogenic calcium carbonate2020

    • Author(s)
      窪田 薫
    • Journal Title

      Chikyukagaku

      Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Pages: 61-78

    • DOI

      10.14934/chikyukagaku.54.61

    • NAID

      130007864419

    • ISSN
      0386-4073, 2188-5923
    • Year and Date
      2020-06-25
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Rapid formation of gigantic spherical dolomite concretion in marine sediments.2020

    • Author(s)
      Muramiya, Y., Yoshida, H., Kubota, K., Minami, M
    • Journal Title

      Sedimentary Geology

      Volume: 404 Pages: 105664-105664

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.sedgeo.2020.105664

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Does trace fossil size correspond with burrower population density? An example from the modern counterpart of the trace fossil Bichordites2020

    • Author(s)
      Seike Koji、Shirai Kotaro、Kubota Kaoru、Ota Yuki、Sassa Shinji
    • Journal Title

      Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

      Volume: 557 Pages: 109946-109946

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109946

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] 鮮新世の大気中二酸化炭素濃度復元 海底堆積物中の浮遊性有孔虫の殻のホウ素同位体分析2023

    • Author(s)
      窪田 薫, 石川剛志, 吉村寿紘, 木元克典, 常 青, 池原 実, 横山祐典, Francisco Jimenes-Espejo, Sidney R. Hemming, Steve Barker, Ian R. Hall.
    • Organizer
      古気候研究におけるプロキシとモデルの融合: 温暖期の気候変動
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Seven million year record of multiple geochemical proxies of planktonic foraminifera shells collected from marine sediment core (IODP Exp.361 Site U1476) after removal of clay and boron-specific contamination influences.2023

    • Author(s)
      Kubota, K., Ishikawa, T., Yoshimura, T., Kimoto, K., Chang, Q., Ikehara, M., Yokoyama, Y., Jimenez-Espejo, F.J., Hemming, S. R., Barker, S., Hall, IR.
    • Organizer
      Goldschmidt2023
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 国際深海科学掘削計画第361次航海の成果 過去500万年間の南アフリカにおける気候変動2023

    • Author(s)
      窪田 薫, 石川剛志, 吉村寿紘, 木元克典, 常 青, 池原 実, 横山祐典, Francisco Jimenes-Espejo, Sidney R. Hemming, Steve Barker, Ian R. Hall
    • Organizer
      インド洋-西太平洋における古海洋環境の変遷
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 鮮新世の大気中二酸化炭素濃度復元 海底堆積物中の浮遊性有孔虫の殻のホウ素同位体分析2023

    • Author(s)
      窪田 薫, 石川剛志, 吉村寿紘, 木元克典, 常 青, 池原 実, 横山祐典, Francisco Jimenes-Espejo, Sidney R. Hemming, Steve Barker, Ian R. Hall.
    • Organizer
      2023年度地球環境史学会年会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 海底堆積物コア中の浮遊性有孔虫の地球化学分析結果に対する汚染の影響の除去と古気候学的示唆2022

    • Author(s)
      窪田 薫, 石川剛志, 池原 実, 横山祐典, フランシスコ ヒメネス-エスペホ, シドニー ヘミング, スティーブ バーカー, イアン ホール
    • Organizer
      日本地球化学会2022年度年会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Update on benthic isotope stratigraphy for Site U1474, Natal Valley, southeastern Africa.2022

    • Author(s)
      Hemming, S., I. Hall, A. Nederbragt, C. Mwinde, A. Braunthal, A. Liang, S. Wang, M. Estrada, D. Babin, M. Simon, A. Franzese, S. Goldstein, and Exp 361 Science Party (including Kubota, K.)
    • Organizer
      AGU Fall Meeting
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Sclerochronology and geochemistry of Mercenaria stimpsoni collected from the western North Pacific.2021

    • Author(s)
      Kubota, K., Shirai, K., Murakami-Sugihara, N., Seike, K., M., Tanabe, K., Minami, M., Nakamura, T.
    • Organizer
      JpGU2021
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 浮遊性有孔虫のホウ素同位体分析を通じた海洋炭素循環研究2020

    • Author(s)
      窪田 薫, 横山祐典, 石川剛志, 佐川拓也, 池原 実, 山崎俊嗣
    • Organizer
      日本質量分析学会 第68回質量分析総合討論会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Boron Contamination during Boron Isotope Analysis of Planktonic Foraminifera2020

    • Author(s)
      Kubota, K., Y., Ishikawa, T., Nagaishi, T., Kawai, T., Sagawa, T., Ikehara, M., Yokoyama, Yamazaki
    • Organizer
      Goldschmidt 2020
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Annual record of boron isotopes of massive Porites coral skeleton from Chichijima Island in the western North Pacific2020

    • Author(s)
      Kubota, K., Nakano, R., Murayama, M., Ishikawa, T., Yokoyama, Y., Suzuki, A.
    • Organizer
      JpGU-AGU 2020
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 長寿二枚貝殻を利用した北西太平洋の海水放射性炭素濃度の復元2020

    • Author(s)
      窪田 薫
    • Organizer
      公益財団法人クリタ水・環境科学振興財団Web式典
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 有孔虫:炭酸塩の化学2020

    • Author(s)
      窪田 薫
    • Organizer
      Online Meeting of Micropaleontology (On-Mic)
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 長寿二枚貝の殻の地球化学分析を通じた古環境復元~海流から津波まで~2020

    • Author(s)
      窪田 薫
    • Organizer
      日本古生物学会 第170回例会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Invited

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Published: 2020-04-28   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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