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Development of a method for small mass measurements using the new definition of the kilogram based on the Planck constant

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20H02630
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 29030:Applied condensed matter physics-related
Research InstitutionNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

Principal Investigator

Kuramoto Naoki  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 計量標準総合センター, 研究グループ長 (60356938)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 藤田 一慧  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 計量標準総合センター, 研究員 (80759952)
大田 由一  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 計量標準総合センター, 研究員 (60737237)
張 麓ルウ  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 計量標準総合センター, 主任研究員 (50392634)
大久保 章  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 計量標準総合センター, 主任研究員 (30635800)
稲場 肇  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 計量標準総合センター, 研究グループ長 (70356492)
Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help
¥18,330,000 (Direct Cost: ¥14,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,230,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥2,340,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥540,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥3,380,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥780,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥12,610,000 (Direct Cost: ¥9,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,910,000)
Keywords微小質量 / プランク定数 / キログラム / 標準 / シリコン単結晶 / 電圧天びん
Outline of Research at the Start

2019年5月20日、質量の単位「キログラム」の定義が130年ぶりに改定された。新たな定義は物理定数「プランク定数」にもとづく。この歴史的な定義の改定によって、これまで実現することが難しかった、微小な質量をキログラムの定義にもとづき高精度に測定することが原理的に可能となっている。本研究では、このキログラムの定義改定という質量の基準に関する歴史的なパラダイムシフトを積極的に活用し、プランク定数を基準として、1ミリグラムから10マイクログラムの範囲の微小な質量を0.001 %の精度で測定することができる電圧天びんを開発する。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

In 2019, the definition of the kilogram, the unit of mass, was revised for the first time in 130 years. The new definition is based on the Planck constant. This historic revision of the definition makes it possible to measure very small masses with high precision based on the definition of the kilogram, which has been difficult to achieve in the past. In this research, we actively utilize the historical paradigm shift regarding the standard of mass, the revision of the definition of the kilogram, and carry out the following items.
・Development of a voltage balance capable of measuring small mass in the range from 1 mg to 10 ug on the basis of the Planck constant
・Reliability check of the voltage balance using a micro reference weight whose mass is calibrated on the basis of an atomic counting.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究の成果によって、電圧天びんを用いて微小な質量をプランク定数にもとづき直接測定することが可能となった。測定精度はまだ十分高くないが、精度向上に必要な改良点も明らかにしており、本研究の成果は今後の精度向上につながることが期待できる

Report

(4 results)
  • 2022 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (48 results)

All 2023 2022 2021 2020 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (7 results) Journal Article (19 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 1 results,  Peer Reviewed: 14 results,  Open Access: 7 results) Presentation (21 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 9 results,  Invited: 8 results) Remarks (1 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] ドイツ物理工学研究所(PTB)(ドイツ)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] イタリア計量研究所(INRiM)(イタリア)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] オーストラリア計量研究所(NMIA)(オーストラリア)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] 国際度量衡局(BIPM)(フランス)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ドイツ物理工学研究所(PTB)(ドイツ)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] オーストラリア計測研究所(NMIA)(オーストラリア)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] イタリア計量研究所(INRIM)(イタリア)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Final report on the CCM key comparison of kilogram realizations CCM.M-K8.20212023

    • Author(s)
      Stock M、Fujita K、Inaba H、Kano K、Kuramoto N、Mizushima S、Okubo S、Ota Y、Zhang L et al.
    • Journal Title

      Metrologia

      Volume: 60 Issue: 1A Pages: 07003-07003

    • DOI

      10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/07003

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 新しいキログラムの定義とキログラム原器の重要文化財指定2023

    • Author(s)
      倉本直樹
    • Journal Title

      計測標準と計量管理

      Volume: 72 Pages: 2-9

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Evaluation of automatic sub-multiple mass calibration for sub-milligram weights at NMIJ2022

    • Author(s)
      Ota Y.、Ueki M.、Kuramoto N.
    • Journal Title

      Measurement

      Volume: 198 Pages: 111320-111320

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.measurement.2022.111320

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Finite-Element Simulation of Effect of Surface Roughness of Coaxial Cylindrical Electrodes on Small Mass and Force Measurements Using Voltage Balance Apparatus2022

    • Author(s)
      Fujita Kazuaki、Kuramoto Naoki
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

      Volume: 71 Pages: 1003306-1003306

    • DOI

      10.1109/tim.2022.3165249

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Realization of the New Kilogram Based on the Planck Constant by the X-Ray Crystal Density Method2022

    • Author(s)
      Kuramoto Naoki
    • Journal Title

      Handbook of Metrology and Applications

      Volume: - Pages: 1-22

    • DOI

      10.1007/978-981-19-1550-5_11-1

    • ISBN
      9789811915505
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Investigating Stability of Si Sphere Surface Layer in Ambient-Vacuum Cyclic Measurements Using Ellipsometry2022

    • Author(s)
      Fujita Kazuaki、Fujii Kenichi、Zhang Lulu、Azuma Yasushi、Mizushima Shigeki、Kuramoto Naoki
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

      Volume: 71 Pages: 1001409-1004109

    • DOI

      10.1109/tim.2021.3129229

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] New Definitions of the Kilogram and the Mole: Paradigm Shift to the Definitions Based on Physical Constants2021

    • Author(s)
      KURAMOTO Naoki
    • Journal Title

      Analytical Sciences

      Volume: 37 Issue: 1 Pages: 177-188

    • DOI

      10.2116/analsci.20SAR08

    • NAID

      130007966709

    • ISSN
      0910-6340, 1348-2246
    • Year and Date
      2021-01-10
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Realization of the new kilogram by the XRCD method using 28Si-enriched spheres2021

    • Author(s)
      Kuramoto Naoki、Mizushima Shigeki、Zhang Lulu、Fujita Kazuaki、Ota Yuichi、Okubo Sho、Inaba Hajime
    • Journal Title

      Measurement: Sensors

      Volume: 18 Pages: 100091-100091

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.measen.2021.100091

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Finite element simulation of the effect of surface roughness of coaxial electrodes on small mass and force measurements using a voltage balance apparatus2021

    • Author(s)
      Fujita Kazuaki、Kuramoto Naoki
    • Journal Title

      Measurement: Sensors

      Volume: 18 Pages: 100143-100143

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.measen.2021.100143

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Reproducibility of the Realization of the Kilogram Based on the Planck Constant by the XRCD Method at NMIJ2021

    • Author(s)
      Kuramoto Naoki、Mizushima Shigeki、Zhang Lulu、Fujita Kazuaki、Okubo Sho、Inaba Hajime、Azuma Yasushi、Kurokawa Akira、Ota Yuichi、Fujii Kenichi
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

      Volume: 70 Pages: 1-9

    • DOI

      10.1109/tim.2021.3061805

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Verifying the Reliability of a Voltage Balance Apparatus to Measure Small Mass and Force Standards at NMIJ2021

    • Author(s)
      Fujita Kazuaki、Fujii Kenichi、Yamamoto Yasuyuki、Ota Yuichi、Kuramoto Naoki
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

      Volume: 70 Pages: 1-5

    • DOI

      10.1109/tim.2021.3052020

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Determination of Defect Concentrations in 28Si Crystals Using EPR for the Realization of the Kilogram2021

    • Author(s)
      Mizushima Shigeki、Kuramoto Naoki、Umeda Takahide
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

      Volume: 70 Pages: 1-6

    • DOI

      10.1109/tim.2021.3062186

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] XPS Analysis of a 28Si-Enriched Sphere for Realization of the Kilogram2021

    • Author(s)
      Zhang Lulu、Kuramoto Naoki、Kurokawa Akira
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

      Volume: 70 Pages: 1-5

    • DOI

      10.1109/tim.2021.3066190

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Volume Measurement of a 28Si-Enriched Sphere to Realize the Kilogram Based on the Planck Constant at NMIJ2021

    • Author(s)
      Ota Yuichi、Okubo Sho、Inaba Hajime、Kuramoto Naoki
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

      Volume: 70 Pages: 1-6

    • DOI

      10.1109/tim.2021.3061249

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Evaluation of an automated mass comparator performance for mass calibration of sub-milligram weights2021

    • Author(s)
      Ota Y.、Ueki M.、Kuramoto N.
    • Journal Title

      Measurement

      Volume: 172 Pages: 108841-108841

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108841

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Realization of the New Kilogram Using 28Si-Enriched Spheres and Dissemination of Mass Standards at NMIJ2020

    • Author(s)
      Kuramoto Naoki、Mizushima Shigeki、Zhang Lulu、Fujita Kazuaki、Ota Yuichi、Okubo Sho、Inaba Hajime
    • Journal Title

      MAPAN

      Volume: 35 Issue: 4 Pages: 491-498

    • DOI

      10.1007/s12647-020-00393-2

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Report on the CCM key comparison of kilogram realizations CCM.M-K8.20192020

    • Author(s)
      Stock M、Kuramoto N et al.
    • Journal Title

      Metrologia

      Volume: 57 Issue: 1A Pages: 07030-07030

    • DOI

      10.1088/0026-1394/57/1a/07030

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] 40 GHz continuous, precise, and low power-loss laser frequency sweep using an electro-optic modulator2020

    • Author(s)
      Okubo Sho、Kuramoto Naoki、Inaba Hajime
    • Journal Title

      Optics Express

      Volume: 28 Issue: 8 Pages: 11956-11956

    • DOI

      10.1364/oe.389297

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Surface Analysis of a <sup>28</sup>Si-enriched Sphere for a New Kilogram Definition2020

    • Author(s)
      張ルウルウ
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Surface Analysis

      Volume: 27 Issue: 1 Pages: 2-14

    • DOI

      10.1384/jsa.27.2

    • NAID

      130008070313

    • ISSN
      1341-1756, 1347-8400
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Present status of the realization of the kilogram by counting atoms in 28Si-enriched crystals2022

    • Author(s)
      Naoki KURAMOTO
    • Organizer
      CPEM2022(ウェリントン・ニュージーランド)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Numerical Investigation of Effective Optical Characteristics of Dielectric Mixture Layer on Si Sphere by FDTD Method2022

    • Author(s)
      Kazuaki FUJITA and Naoki KURAMOTO
    • Organizer
      CPEM2022(ウェリントン・ニュージーランド)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Torque generating machine based on the principle of the Kibble balance at NMIJ2022

    • Author(s)
      Naoki KURAMOTO, Atsuhiro NISHINO, Sayaka HAMAJI, Koji Ohgushi
    • Organizer
      CPEM2022(ウェリントン・ニュージーランド)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 新しい1キログラムの作り方2022

    • Author(s)
      倉本直樹、藤田一慧、大田由一
    • Organizer
      第89回日本分析化学会有機微量研究懇談会(オンライン)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] キログラムの新しい定義2022

    • Author(s)
      倉本直樹
    • Organizer
      京都府計量協会計量士部会総会(オンライン)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] キログラムの新しい定義2022

    • Author(s)
      倉本直樹
    • Organizer
      力学量標準トレーサビリティ・ワークショップ(京都国際会館)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 新しいキログラムの定義と日本国キログラム原器の重文指定2022

    • Author(s)
      倉本直樹
    • Organizer
      NMIJ法定計量セミナー(東京ビッグサイト)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 新しいキログラムの作り方2021

    • Author(s)
      倉本直樹、藤田一慧、大田由一
    • Organizer
      第38回合同シンポジウム(第88回日本分析化学会有機微量分析研究懇談会、第116回計測自動制御学会力学量計測部会)、オンライン開催(2021年6月17日))
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 普遍的な物理定数にもとづく新しいキログラムの定義2021

    • Author(s)
      倉本直樹
    • Organizer
      2021年度 非破壊検査総合シンポジウム、主催:日本非破壊検査協会、オンライン開催(2021年6月22日)
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Realization of the new kilogram by the XRCD method using 28Si-enriched spheres2021

    • Author(s)
      Naoki KURAMOTO, Shigeki MIZUSHIMA, Lulu ZHANG, Kazuaki FUJITA, Yuichi OTA, Sho OKUBO, Hajime INABA
    • Organizer
      IMEKO2021、主催:IMEKO(国際計測連合)、オンライン開催(2021年8月30日)
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] New definition of the kilogram and mass standards for industry2021

    • Author(s)
      Naoki KURAMOTO
    • Organizer
      Strengthening ASEAN Mass, Density and Viscosity Metrology for Sustainable Development、主催:National Metrology Institute of Thailand(NIMT)、オンライン開催(2022年1月21日)
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 新しい1キログラムの測り方 ーさらばキログラム原器ー2021

    • Author(s)
      倉本直樹
    • Organizer
      IMEKO2021 市民公開講座、主催:IMEKO(国際計測連合)、オンライン開催(2021年8月29日)
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Finite element simulation of the effect of surface roughness of coaxial electrodes on small mass and force measurements using a voltage balance apparatus2021

    • Author(s)
      Fujita Kazuaki, Kuramoto Naoki
    • Organizer
      IMEKO2021、主催:IMEKO(国際計測連合)、オンライン開催(2021年8月30日)
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 新しいキログラムの作り方2020

    • Author(s)
      倉本直樹、藤田一慧、大田由一
    • Organizer
      第37回合同シンポジウム(第87回日本分析化学会有機微量分析研究懇談会、第113回計測自動制御学会力学量計測部会)、2020年6月11日、講演予稿集発行をもって発表成立
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 新しいキログラムの作り方2020

    • Author(s)
      倉本直樹、藤田一慧、大田由一
    • Organizer
      第37回計測自動制御学会センシングフォーラム、2020年9月3日、オンライン開催
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Reproducibility of the realization of the kilogram based on the Planck constant by the XRCD method at NMIJ2020

    • Author(s)
      Naoki Kuramoto, Lulu Zhang, Shigeki Mizushima, Kazuaki Fujita, Yasushi Azuma, Akira Kurokawa, Yuichi Ota, and Kenichi Fujii
    • Organizer
      CPEM2020(Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements 2020), August 2020, online virtual conference
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Determination of Defect Concentrations in 28Si Crystals Using EPR for the Realization of the Kilogram2020

    • Author(s)
      Shigeki Mizushima, Naoki Kuramoto, Takahide Umeda
    • Organizer
      CPEM2020(Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements 2020), August 2020, online virtual conference
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] XPS analysis of a 28Si-enriched sphere for realization of the kilogram2020

    • Author(s)
      Lulu Zhang, Naoki Kuramoto, Akira Kurokawa
    • Organizer
      CPEM2020(Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements 2020), August 2020, online virtual conference
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Volume Measurement of a 28Si-enriched Sphere to Realize the Kilogram Based on the Planck Constant at NMIJ2020

    • Author(s)
      Yuichi Ota, Hajime Inaba, Naoki Kuramoto, Sho Okubo
    • Organizer
      CPEM2020(Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements 2020), August 2020, online virtual conference
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Reliability Check of a Voltage Balance to Measure the Radiation Pressure for Small Mass and Force Standard at NMIJ2020

    • Author(s)
      Kazuaki Fujita, Kenichi Fujii, Yasuyuki Yamamoto, Yuichi Ota, Naoki Kuramoto
    • Organizer
      CPEM2020(Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements 2020), August 2020, online virtual conference
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 普遍的な物理定数にもとづくキログラムの新しい定義2020

    • Author(s)
      倉本直樹
    • Organizer
      日本学術振興会 将来加工技術第136委員会 令和2年度第1回研究会、2020年11月2日、オンライン開催
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Remarks] 産業技術総合研究所工学計測標準研究部門質量標準研究グループホームページ

    • URL

      https://unit.aist.go.jp/riem/mass-std/

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report 2021 Annual Research Report 2020 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2020-04-28   Modified: 2024-01-30  

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