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Diversity of thymic epithelial cells contributing to suppressing autoimmunity

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20H03441
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 48040:Medical biochemistry-related
Research InstitutionInstitute of Physical and Chemical Research

Principal Investigator

Akiyama Taishin  国立研究開発法人理化学研究所, 生命医科学研究センター, チームリーダー (50327665)

Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥17,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,080,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥5,590,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,290,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥5,850,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,350,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥6,240,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,440,000)
Keywords胸腺 / 自己免疫 / シングルセル解析 / 遺伝子発現 / T細胞 / 上皮細胞
Outline of Research at the Start

髄質上皮細胞は、組織特異的なタンパク質(以下、組織特異的抗原)を極めて多種類、異所的に発現し、自己免疫疾患の発症を阻止するが、その異所的発現制御機構には不明な点が多い。組織特異的抗原の遺伝子発現を制御する因子として、これまでに転写制御因子AireやFezf2が報告されてきた。一方、申請者らは、最近、新たな制御因子を同定した。この因子はAireとは異なる髄質上皮細胞に発現する。本研究では、本因子による、組織特異的抗原の遺伝子発現制御機構の特徴や、自己免疫の抑制への寄与、さらに分化機構を解明し、自己免疫疾患の発症抑制機構に関する知見を得る。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Thymic medullary epithelial cells (mTECs) play a crucial role in suppressing the development of autoimmune diseases. Their function depends on the expression of a wide array of tissue-specific genes, although the mechanisms that maintain this diversity remain unclear. In this study, single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analysis revealed that mTECs represent a heterogeneous population characterized by distinct chromatin structures and gene expression profiles. By utilizing the Fucci technology, we identified transiently amplifying mTECs as a critical transition point in the differentiation process leading to cells with diverse tissue-specific gene expression profiles. This diversity in gene expression is likely established through maintaining various differentiation states, in conjunction with the expression of specific regulatory transcription factors.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

難治性である自己免疫疾患の発症を抑制する機構を理解することは、治療法や予防法を開発するために重要な課題である。胸腺を構成する上皮細胞は、極めて多種類の自己遺伝子を発現することで、自己免疫疾患の発症を抑制するが、その制御機構には不明な点が多く残されている。本研究で、胸腺上皮細胞の遺伝子発現やクロマチン構造を1細胞レベルで解析した。その結果、胸腺上皮細胞が様々な分化状態で存在し、その分化状態の多様性が、胸腺上皮細胞全体での遺伝子発現の多様性に寄与することが判明した。また、胸腺上皮細胞の分化状態の多様性を維持するために重要な増殖活性の高い胸腺上皮細胞の亜集団が存在することを実証した。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2023 Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Annual Research Report
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (18 results)

All 2023 2022 2021 2020

All Journal Article (10 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 3 results,  Peer Reviewed: 10 results,  Open Access: 10 results) Presentation (8 results) (of which Invited: 2 results)

  • [Journal Article] Machine Learning Approaches to TCR Repertoire Analysis2022

    • Author(s)
      Katayama Yotaro、Yokota Ryo、Akiyama Taishin、Kobayashi Tetsuya J.
    • Journal Title

      Frontiers in Immunology

      Volume: 13 Pages: 858057-858057

    • DOI

      10.3389/fimmu.2022.858057

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Integrative analysis of scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq revealed transit-amplifying thymic epithelial cells expressing autoimmune regulator2022

    • Author(s)
      Miyao T、Miyauchi M、Kelly S T、T Tommy W、Ishikawa T、Oh E、Hirai S、Horie K、Takakura Y、Ohki H、Hayama M、Maruyama Y、Seki T、Ishii H、Yabukami H、Yoshida M、Inoue A、Sakaue-Sawano A、Miyawaki A、Muratani M、Minoda A、Akiyama N、Akiyama T
    • Journal Title

      eLife

      Volume: 11 Pages: 73998-73998

    • DOI

      10.7554/elife.73998

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Aire controls heterogeneity of medullary thymic epithelial cells for the expression of self-antigens2022

    • Author(s)
      Nishijima H, Matsumoto M, Morimoto J, Hosomichi K, Akiyama N, Akiyama T, Oya T, Tsuneyama K, Yoshida H, Matsumoto M.
    • Journal Title

      The Journal of Immunology

      Volume: 15 Issue: 2 Pages: 303-320

    • DOI

      10.4049/jimmunol.2100692

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report 2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) plays crucial roles in multiple biological systems through polyubiquitination-mediated NF-κB activation2021

    • Author(s)
      Yamamoto, M., Gohda, J., Akiyama, T. and Inoue, J.
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B

      Volume: 97 Issue: 4 Pages: 145-160

    • DOI

      10.2183/pjab.97.009

    • NAID

      130008023387

    • ISSN
      0386-2208, 1349-2896
    • Year and Date
      2021-04-09
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] In Pursuit of Adult Progenitors of Thymic Epithelial Cells2021

    • Author(s)
      Ishikawa T, Akiyama N, Akiyama T
    • Journal Title

      Front Immunol

      Volume: 12 Pages: 621824-621824

    • DOI

      10.3389/fimmu.2021.621824

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report 2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] RNA decay machinery safeguards immune cell development and immunological responses2021

    • Author(s)
      Akiyama Taishin、Suzuki Toru、Yamamoto Tadashi
    • Journal Title

      Trends in Immunology

      Volume: 42 Issue: 5 Pages: 447-460

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.it.2021.03.008

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Regulation of Early Lymphocyte Development via mRNA Decay Catalyzed by the CCR4-NOT Complex2021

    • Author(s)
      Akiyama Taishin、Yamamoto Tadashi
    • Journal Title

      Frontiers in Immunology

      Volume: 12 Pages: 715675-715675

    • DOI

      10.3389/fimmu.2021.715675

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Structural analysis of TIFA: Insight into TIFA-dependent signal transduction in innate immunity2020

    • Author(s)
      Nakamura Teruya、Hashikawa Chie、Okabe Kohtaro、Yokote Yuya、Chirifu Mami、Toma-Fukai Sachiko、Nakamura Narushi、Matsuo Mihoko、Kamikariya Miho、Okamoto Yoshinari、Gohda Jin、Akiyama Taishin、Semba Kentaro、Ikemizu Shinji、Otsuka Masami、Inoue Jun-ichiro、Yamagata Yuriko
    • Journal Title

      Scientific Reports

      Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 5152-5152

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41598-020-61972-6

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] How does spaceflight affect acquired immune system?2020

    • Author(s)
      T. Akiyama, K. Horie, E. Hinoi, M. Hiraiwa, A. Kato, Y. Maekawa, A. Takahashi, S. Furukawa
    • Journal Title

      NPJ Microgravity.

      Volume: 0 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-7

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41526-020-0104-1

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] The CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex safeguards thymic positive selection by down-regulating aberrant pro-apoptotic gene expression2020

    • Author(s)
      Ito-Kureha Taku、Miyao Takahisa、Nishijima Saori、Suzuki Toru、Koizumi Shin-ichi、Villar-Briones Alejandro、Takahashi Akinori、Akiyama Nobuko、Morita Masahiro、Naguro Isao、Ishikawa Hiroki、Ichijo Hidenori、Akiyama Taishin、Yamamoto Tadashi
    • Journal Title

      Nature Communications

      Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Pages: 6169-6169

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41467-020-19975-4

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 胸腺腫上皮細胞の高解像度シングルセル遺伝子発現解析2023

    • Author(s)
      秋山 伸子、宮尾 貴久、宮内 真紀、並木 佳乃、師田 瑞樹、中島 淳、秋山 泰身
    • Organizer
      第42回日本胸腺研究会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] AIRE leaves footprints on chromatin for immunological self-tolerance2022

    • Author(s)
      Kenta Horie, Nobuko Akiyama, Taishin Akiyama
    • Organizer
      第51回日本免疫学会学術集会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] CXCR4 defines transit-amplifying cells of medullary thymic epithelial cells2022

    • Author(s)
      Tatsuya Ishikawa, Nobuko Akiyama, Taishin Akiyama
    • Organizer
      第51回日本免疫学会学術集会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] A pseudo-irreversible inhibition elicits a persistent effect of the sphigosine-1-phosphate receptor antagonist2022

    • Author(s)
      Yuya Maruyama, Yusuke Ohsawa, Takayuki Suzuki, Yuko Yamauchi, Kohsuke Ohno, Hitoshi Inoue, Akitoshi Yamamoto, Morimichi Hayashi, Maki Miyauchi, Takatsugu Hirokawa, Taishin Akiyama
    • Organizer
      第96回日本薬理学会年会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 胸腺腫の1細胞遺伝子発現解析2022

    • Author(s)
      秋山 伸子
    • Organizer
      第41回日本胸腺研究会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 自己免疫を抑制する胸腺内 T 細胞選択機構2021

    • Author(s)
      秋山 泰身
    • Organizer
      Rheumatology Conference 2021
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Integrative single cell RNA Seq and ATAC Seq Analysis of thymic epithelial cells revealed transit amplifying cells expressing AIRE2021

    • Author(s)
      Takahisa Miyao , Tatsuya Ishikawa, Kenta Horie , Yuki Takakura, Mio Hayama , Nobuko Akiyama, Taishin Akiyama
    • Organizer
      第50回日本免疫学会学術総会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Single Cell RNA-seq Analysis of Human Thymic Epithelial Neoplasms2021

    • Author(s)
      Taishin Akiyama
    • Organizer
      RIKEN IMS Joint Human and Mouse Cell Atlas Meeting
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Invited

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Published: 2020-04-28   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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