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Program Verification Techniques for the AI Era

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20H05703
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Review Section Broad Section J
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

小林 直樹  東京大学, 大学院情報理工学系研究科, 教授 (00262155)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 五十嵐 淳  京都大学, 情報学研究科, 教授 (40323456)
塚田 武志  千葉大学, 大学院理学研究院, 准教授 (50758951)
吉仲 亮  東北大学, 情報科学研究科, 准教授 (80466424)
海野 広志  東北大学, 電気通信研究所, 教授 (80569575)
関山 太朗  国立情報学研究所, アーキテクチャ科学研究系, 准教授 (80828476)
佐藤 一誠  東京大学, 大学院情報理工学系研究科, 教授 (90610155)
佐藤 亮介  東京農工大学, 学内共同利用施設等, 准教授 (10804677)
Project Period (FY) 2020-08-31 – 2025-03-31
Project Status Granted (Fiscal Year 2024)
Budget Amount *help
¥190,320,000 (Direct Cost: ¥146,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥43,920,000)
Fiscal Year 2024: ¥39,260,000 (Direct Cost: ¥30,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥9,060,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥39,260,000 (Direct Cost: ¥30,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥9,060,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥39,260,000 (Direct Cost: ¥30,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥9,060,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥39,780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥30,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥9,180,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥32,760,000 (Direct Cost: ¥25,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥7,560,000)
Keywordsプログラム検証 / 高階モデル検査 / 高階不動点論理 / 機械学習
Outline of Research at the Start

プログラム検証とは、プログラムが正しく振る舞うかどうかを実行前に網羅的に検証する技術であり、ソフトウェアの信頼性向上のために欠かせないものである。本研究課題では、近年の機械学習技術の台頭とそれに伴うコンピュータによって制御されたシステムの社会への普及を踏まえ、(1)代表者らがこれまで研究を進めてきた高階モデル検査などの自動プログラム検証技術や理論をさらに発展させるとともに、(2)プログラム検証技術のさらなる飛躍のために機械学習技術を活用し、さらに(3)機械学習技術の台頭に伴うソフトウェアの質と量の変化に対応するための、新たなプログラム検証技術の確立を目指す。

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

研究課題全体を(A)高階モデル検査をはじめとするプログラム検証理論・技術のさらなる発展、(B)プログラム検証への機械学習技術の応用、(C)質の変化したプログラムの検証手法、の3つの課題に分けて並行して研究を進めた。2022年度の主な研究実績(一部、繰越分として2023年度に実施した成果を含む)は以下のとおり。
(A)プログラム検証技術の発展: 高階モデル検査の一種である高階不動点論理HFL(Z)の真偽値判定の高速化のため、さまざまな改良方法について研究を行った。具体的には、(1)不動点論理式の展開畳み込み変換を非同期に行うための拡張、(2)最小不動点演算子の近似によるHFL(Z)論理式のνHFL(Z)論理式(最大不動点のみからなるHFL(Z)論理式)への変換、(3)不動点論理式の証明側と反証側の情報共有による高速化、などについて研究を行った。また、扱えるプログラム機能の拡張の研究の一環として、代数的データ構造や代数的エフェクト、スマートコントラクトなどのためのプログラム検証手法の改良、および新しい手法の考案・実装を行った。
(B)プログラム検証への機械学習技術の応用:プログラム検証において鍵となるループ不変条件等の発見のためにニューラルネットワークを用いる枠組みNeuGuS (Neural Network-Guided Synthesis) を拡張し、リストに関する再帰的述語をニューラルネットワークを用いて合成する手法を考案・実装した。
(C)質の変化したプログラムの検証手法: ニューラルネットワークなどを用いた機械学習プログラムにおける、テンソルデータの処理の整合性を静的に検証するため、漸進的型システムと詳細型を組み合わせた型システムを構築・実装し、その有効性を確認した。

Current Status of Research Progress
Current Status of Research Progress

2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.

Reason

研究実績の概要に述べた通り順調に研究成果が出ており、一流の雑誌や国際会議に論文を発表している。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

検証対象のプログラムのクラスを拡張するとともに、機械学習技術のさらなる応用を探っていく。

Assessment Rating
Interim Assessment Comments (Rating)

A: In light of the aim of introducing the research area into the research categories, the expected progress has been made in research.

Report

(7 results)
  • 2022 Abstract (Interim Assessment) ( PDF )   Annual Research Report   Interim Assessment (Comments) ( PDF )
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Abstract ( PDF )   Comments on the Screening Results ( PDF )   Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (37 results)

All 2023 2022 2021 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (1 results) Journal Article (30 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 4 results,  Peer Reviewed: 30 results,  Open Access: 21 results) Presentation (3 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 3 results,  Invited: 3 results) Remarks (3 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Lyon(フランス)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Modular Primal-Dual Fixpoint Logic Solving for Temporal Verification2023

    • Author(s)
      Hiroshi Unno, Tachio Terauchi, Yu Gu, Eric Koskinen
    • Journal Title

      In Proceedings of the 50th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL 2023), PACMPL 7(POPL)

      Volume: 7 Issue: POPL Pages: 2111-2140

    • DOI

      10.1145/3571265

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Temporal Verification with Answer-Effect Modification: Dependent Temporal Type-and-Effect System with Delimited Continuations2023

    • Author(s)
      Sekiyama Taro、Unno Hiroshi
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages

      Volume: 7 Issue: POPL Pages: 2079-2110

    • DOI

      10.1145/3571264

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Optimal CHC Solving via Termination Proofs2023

    • Author(s)
      Gu Yu、Tsukada Takeshi、Unno Hiroshi
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages

      Volume: 7 Issue: POPL Pages: 604-631

    • DOI

      10.1145/3571214

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] HFL(Z) Validity Checking for Automated Program Verification2023

    • Author(s)
      Naoki Kobayashi, Kento Tanahashi, Ryosuke Sato, and Takeshi Tsukada
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, Issue POPL, ACM

      Volume: 7 Issue: POPL Pages: 154-184

    • DOI

      10.1145/3571199

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] LLTZ: LLVM IR からスマートコントラクト記述言語 Michelson へのコンパイラ2023

    • Author(s)
      臼澤 嘉, 末永 幸平, 古瀬 淳, 五十嵐 淳
    • Journal Title

      第25回プログラミングおよびプログラミング言語ワークショップ(PPL 2023)論文集

      Volume: -

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Neural Network-Guided Synthesis of Recursive List Functions2023

    • Author(s)
      Naoki Kobayashi, Minchao Wu
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of TACAS 2023, Springer LNCS

      Volume: 13993 Pages: 227-245

    • DOI

      10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_12

    • ISBN
      9783031308222, 9783031308239
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Gradual Tensor Shape Checking2023

    • Author(s)
      Momoko Hattori, Naoki Kobayashi, Ryosuke Sato
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of ESOP 2023, Springer LNCS

      Volume: 13990 Pages: 197-224

    • DOI

      10.1007/978-3-031-30044-8_8

    • ISBN
      9783031300431, 9783031300448
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Asynchronous Unfold/Fold Transformation for Fixpoint Logic2022

    • Author(s)
      Mahmudul Faisal Al Ameen, Naoki Kobayashi, Ryosuke Sato
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of FLOPS 2022, Springer LNCS

      Volume: 13215 Pages: 39-56

    • DOI

      10.1007/978-3-030-99461-7_3

    • ISBN
      9783030994600, 9783030994617
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Helmholtz: A Verifier for Tezos Smart Contracts Based on Refinement Types.2022

    • Author(s)
      Yuki Nishida, Hiromasa Saito, Chen Ran, Akira Kawata, Jun Furuse, Kouhei Suenaga and Atsushi Igarashi
    • Journal Title

      New Generation Computing

      Volume: 40 Issue: 2 Pages: 507-540

    • DOI

      10.1007/s00354-022-00167-1

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Linear-Algebraic Models of Linear Logic as Categories of Modules over Sigma-Semirings2022

    • Author(s)
      Takeshi Tsukada and Kazuyuki Asada
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of LICS 2022, ACM

      Volume: - Pages: 1-13

    • DOI

      10.1145/3531130.3533373

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] On Higher-Order Reachability Games Vs May Reachability2022

    • Author(s)
      Kazuyuki Asada, Hiroyuki Katsura, Naoki Kobayashi
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of RP 2022, Springer LNCS

      Volume: 13608 Pages: 108-124

    • DOI

      10.1007/978-3-031-19135-0_8

    • ISBN
      9783031191343, 9783031191350
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Parameterized Recursive Refinement Types for Automated Program Verification2022

    • Author(s)
      Ryoya Mukai, Naoki Kobayashi, Ryosuke Sato
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of SAS 2022, Springer LNCS

      Volume: 13790 Pages: 397-421

    • DOI

      10.1007/978-3-031-22308-2_18

    • ISBN
      9783031223075, 9783031223082
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Software model-checking as cyclic-proof search2022

    • Author(s)
      Tsukada Takeshi、Unno Hiroshi
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages

      Volume: 6 Issue: POPL Pages: 1-29

    • DOI

      10.1145/3498725

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Sized Types with Usages for Parallel Complexity of Pi-Calculus Processes2021

    • Author(s)
      Patrick Baillot, Alexis Ghyselen, Naoki Kobayashi
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of CONCUR 2021, LIPIcs

      Volume: 203

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Symbolic Automatic Relations and Their Applications to SMT and CHC Solving2021

    • Author(s)
      Shimoda Takumi、Kobayashi Naoki、Sakayori Ken、Sato Ryosuke
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of SAS 2021, Springer LNCS

      Volume: 12913 Pages: 405-428

    • DOI

      10.1007/978-3-030-88806-0_20

    • ISBN
      9783030888053, 9783030888060
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Toward Neural-Network-Guided Program Synthesis and Verification2021

    • Author(s)
      Kobayashi Naoki、Sekiyama Taro、Sato Issei、Unno Hiroshi
    • Journal Title

      Lecture Notes in Computer Science (SAS)

      Volume: 12913 Pages: 236-260

    • DOI

      10.1007/978-3-030-88806-0_12

    • ISBN
      9783030888053, 9783030888060
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Termination Analysis for the $$\pi $$-Calculus by Reduction to Sequential Program Termination2021

    • Author(s)
      Shoshi Tsubasa、Ishikawa Takuma、Kobayashi Naoki、Sakayori Ken、Sato Ryosuke、Tsukada Takeshi
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of APLAS 2021, Springer LNCS

      Volume: 13008 Pages: 265-284

    • DOI

      10.1007/978-3-030-89051-3_15

    • ISBN
      9783030890506, 9783030890513
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] A Hierarchy of Context-Free Languages Learnable from Positive Data and Membership Queries2021

    • Author(s)
      Makoto Kanazawa and Ryo Yoshinaka
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of Machine Learning Research

      Volume: 153 Pages: 18-31

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Inside-Outside Algorithm for Macro Grammars2021

    • Author(s)
      Ryuta Kambe, Naoki Kobayashi, Ryosuke Sato, Ayumi Shinohara, Ryo Yoshinaka
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of Machine Learning Research

      Volume: 153 Pages: 32-46

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Query Learning Algorithm for Symbolic Weighted Finite Automata2021

    • Author(s)
      Kaito Suzuki, Diptarama Hendrian, Ryo Yoshinaka, Ayumi Shinohara
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of Machine Learning Research

      Volume: 153 Pages: 202-216

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] A Probabilistic Higher-order Fixpoint Logic2021

    • Author(s)
      Mitani Yo、Kobayashi Naoki、Tsukada Takeshi
    • Journal Title

      Logical Methods in Computer Science

      Volume: Volume 17, Issue 4 Pages: 1-36

    • DOI

      10.46298/lmcs-17(4:15)2021

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] CPS transformation with affine types for call-by-value implicit polymorphism2021

    • Author(s)
      Sekiyama Taro、Tsukada Takeshi
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages (ICFP)

      Volume: 5 Issue: ICFP Pages: 1-30

    • DOI

      10.1145/3473600

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] A Cyclic Proof System for HFL_N2021

    • Author(s)
      Mayuko Kori, Takeshi Tsukada, and Naoki Kobayashi
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of CONCUR 2021, LIPIcs

      Volume: 203

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] RustHorn: CHC-based Verification for Rust Programs2021

    • Author(s)
      Matsushita Yusuke、Tsukada Takeshi、Kobayashi Naoki
    • Journal Title

      ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems

      Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Pages: 1-54

    • DOI

      10.1145/3462205

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Counterexample generation for program verification based on ownership refinement types2021

    • Author(s)
      Ueno Hideto、Toman John、Kobayashi Naoki、Tsukada Takeshi
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of PEPM 2021, ACM Press

      Volume: - Pages: 44-57

    • DOI

      10.1145/3441296.3441396

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Helmholtz: A Verifier for Tezos Smart Contracts Based on Refinement Types2021

    • Author(s)
      Nishida Yuki、Saito Hiromasa、Chen Ran、Kawata Akira、Furuse Jun、Suenaga Kohei、Igarashi Atsushi
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of TACAS 2021, Springer LNCS

      Volume: 12652 Pages: 262-280

    • DOI

      10.1007/978-3-030-72013-1_14

    • ISBN
      9783030720124, 9783030720131
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] An Overview of the HFL Model Checking Project2021

    • Author(s)
      Kobayashi Naoki
    • Journal Title

      Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science

      Volume: 344 Pages: 1-12

    • DOI

      10.4204/eptcs.344.1

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Decision Tree Learning in CEGIS-Based Termination Analysis2021

    • Author(s)
      Kura Satoshi、Unno Hiroshi、Hasuo Ichiro
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of CAV 2021, Springer LNCS

      Volume: 12760 Pages: 75-98

    • DOI

      10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_4

    • ISBN
      9783030816872, 9783030816889
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Constraint-Based Relational Verification2021

    • Author(s)
      Unno Hiroshi、Terauchi Tachio、Koskinen Eric
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of CAV 2021, Springer LNCS

      Volume: 12759 Pages: 742-766

    • DOI

      10.1007/978-3-030-81685-8_35

    • ISBN
      9783030816841, 9783030816858
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Output Without Delay: A Pi-Calculus Compatible with Categorical Semantics2021

    • Author(s)
      Ken Sakayori and Takeshi Tsukada
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of FSCD 2021, LIPIcs

      Volume: 195

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] (I Can't Get No) Verification2022

    • Author(s)
      Atsushi Igarashi
    • Organizer
      OOPSLA 2022
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] On Type-Based Techniques for Program Manipulation2022

    • Author(s)
      Naoki Kobayashi
    • Organizer
      ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Partial Evaluation and Program Manipulation (PEPM 2022)
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] An Overview of the HFL Model Checking Project2021

    • Author(s)
      Naoki Kobayashi
    • Organizer
      8th Workshop on Horn Clauses for Verification and Synthesis (HCVS 2021)
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Remarks] AI時代を見据えたプログラム検証技術

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] https://www-kb.is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~koba/hmcai/

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] AI時代を見据えたプログラム検証技術

    • URL

      https://www-kb.is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~koba/hmcai/

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report 2020 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2020-09-07   Modified: 2024-12-25  

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