| Budget Amount *help |
¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥520,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥120,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥520,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥120,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥520,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥120,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The present study is a contribution to Early Modern Chinese phonology, in which the so-called Hua-yi-yi-yu with texts, a compilation of ten foreign language (Jurchen, Mongolian, Uighur, Persian, Sanskrit, Tibetan, Burmese, Baiyi Tai, Yuan Tai, and Siamese(Thai)) in their own writing systems and also their phonetic translation through Chinese characters, is utilized for analysis. The main purpose of this study is to clarify the evolution of the entering tone in early modern Chinese (mainly during the Ming dynasty). In this study, a total of 1,762 Chinese morphemes written in four different scripts derived from the Brahmi script --- Baiyi, Yuan, Tibetan, and Burmese, were transcribed into romanized characters, and their phonological characteristics were described. The results of the study indicate that the distinction between the three types of syllable-final consonants (i. e.: -p, -t, -k) has been lost, and that the glottal stop may remain.
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