| Project/Area Number |
20K01457
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Review Section |
Basic Section 06010:Politics-related
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| Research Institution | Waseda University |
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Principal Investigator |
Kellam Marisa.A 早稲田大学, 政治経済学術院, 准教授 (30711866)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2020-04-01 – 2025-03-31
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| Project Status |
Granted (Fiscal Year 2023)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
Fiscal Year 2024: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
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| Keywords | Comparative Politics / Democracy / Democratic Backsliding / Populism / Political Institutions / Democratic Rebound / Regime Transitions / Social Exclusion / Political accountability / Institutions / democratic backsliding |
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| Outline of Research at the Start |
This project will improve understanding of democratic backsliding by considering the full range of intra-regime changes that occur within democracies, only some of which entail decline. The project explains (1) how different configurations of inclusive and exclusive institutions, vertical and horizontal accountability environments, and social and economic interests create distinct types of democratic regimes, (2) when within-democracy transitions occur from one democratic regime type to another, and (3) the distinct vulnerabilities of different democratic regimes to democratic backsliding.
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| Outline of Annual Research Achievements |
The primary output from this research project is an article published in 2023 in Democratization, which is one of the leading journals for current research on democratic backsliding. The title of this article is “Who’s to blame for democratic backsliding: populists, presidents or dominant executives?” This article was co-authored with Antonio Benasaglio Berlucchi who was a doctoral student in the Graduate School of Political Science at Waseda University at the time of publication and is now a member of the Faculty of Political Science and Economics at Meiji University.
The article provides a global analysis of the causes of democratic backsliding in close to 100 democratic countries between 1970 and 2020 using matching methods to infer the causal effects of several ideological and institutional factors related to executives. The findings demonstrate that populists increase, on average, the amount of democratic backsliding. While case studies and regional analyses have previously pointed to populism’s detrimental effect on democracy, this is the first global analysis to support these claims with rigorous empirical evidence.
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| Current Status of Research Progress |
Current Status of Research Progress
2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.
Reason
I canceled the initial field work component of this project due to the coronavirus pandemic. The remainder of the work is proceeding as expected.
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| Strategy for Future Research Activity |
I am now expanding upon the global executive-level dataset previously compiled for this project to examine how executives leave office. Whereas this project primarily focused on how executives govern while in office, my future research will examine how executives are removed from office. Still, the research continues to emphasize the comparison of leaders who engaged in democratic backsliding with leaders who did not.
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