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Coexistence of scientific knowledge and naive beliefs in the domain of biology

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20K03344
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 10020:Educational psychology-related
Research InstitutionWaseda University

Principal Investigator

Toyama Noriko  早稲田大学, 人間科学学術院, 教授 (80328038)

Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Keywords共存モデル / 病気理解 / 概念発達 / 生気論 / 食事場面 / 内在的正義 / 説明モデル / 新型コロナウイルス感染症 / 魔術的信念 / 素朴生物学 / COVID-19 / 代替医療 / 素朴信念 / 病気の理解 / 衛生教育 / 認知発達 / 生物領域 / 病気 / 食
Outline of Research at the Start

子どもの頃の未熟な理解が,論理的で抽象的,科学的な理解に置き換わるという発達観ではなく,未熟で素朴な信念と科学的知識が生涯を通じて共存するという発達モデル(共存モデル)にたち生物領域の理解を検討する。生物の成長,食物摂取,病気,死等の生物現象について生気論的因果がどのように使われるかを,日本・中国・オーストラリアにおいて検討する。具体的には,素朴信念と科学的知識との共存形態の発達的変化をみる実験,素朴信念の文化普遍性と固有性の分析,各文化における生活・衛生習慣の実践状況の観察を行う。種としてのヒトに本来的に備わった認知の傾向と文化的信念の伝承について示唆を得ることをめざす。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The development of illness understanding was examined on the basis of a developmental model in which immature naive beliefs and scientific knowledge coexist throughout life (i.e., coexistence model), rather than a developmental perspective in which immature childhood understanding is replaced by logical and scientific understanding (i.e., displacement model). It has been shown that naive beliefs evolve into more sophisticated explanatory models and are sometimes integrated with scientific knowledge.
To examine the sociocultural basis of understanding, observations of dietary and hygiene practices in preschools were conducted. Although the spread of COVID-19 made it impossible to conduct the originally planned cross-cultural comparison, we were able to make comparisons before and after the spread of the infection in Japan and gain insight into the process by which children's understanding is socio-culturally constructed.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

共存モデルにたつ理解の検討は病気・人類の起源・死等について進んでいるが,共存形態および共存の源泉に関する検討は国際的にも十分でない。本研究では発達初期には科学的知識と素朴信念が独立しているものの,徐々に統合されていくこと,統合の個人差は教育歴や病歴だけでは説明できないこと,さらに「どのように」(how)の問いではなく「なぜ」(why)の問いに答える形で素朴信念に基づく説明が説明力をもつことを明らかにした。ここに学術的意義がある。COVID-19の感染拡大により病気・衛生に関する理解をとりまく社会的状況に変化がみられたこと,その影響が大人の子ども観にも及ぶことを明らかにした点に社会的意義がある。

Report

(5 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Research-status Report
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • 2020 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (21 results)

All 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020

All Journal Article (15 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 2 results,  Peer Reviewed: 12 results,  Open Access: 3 results) Presentation (3 results) Book (3 results)

  • [Journal Article] 保育園の食事における新型コロナウイルス感染症の影響2024

    • Author(s)
      外山紀子
    • Journal Title

      小児保健研究

      Volume: 83 Pages: 0000-0000

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Imitation among infants in a day-care center and the development of locomotion2023

    • Author(s)
      Toyama, N.
    • Journal Title

      Infant Behavior and Development

      Volume: 72 Pages: 101870-101870

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.infbeh.2023.101870

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Development of explanations for why biomedical and folk-medical practices would be effective2023

    • Author(s)
      Noriko Toyama
    • Journal Title

      Cognitive Development

      Volume: 65 Pages: 101272-101272

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.cogdev.2022.101272

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report 2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 発達のビリヤード2023

    • Author(s)
      外山紀子
    • Journal Title

      ベビーサイエンス

      Volume: 22 Pages: 15-16

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] Locomotion development and infants’ object interaction in a day-care environment.2023

    • Author(s)
      Noriko Toyama
    • Journal Title

      Infancy

      Volume: 28 Issue: 3 Pages: 684-704

    • DOI

      10.1111/infa.12523

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 「食」の原点から考える孤食・共食2022

    • Author(s)
      外山紀子
    • Journal Title

      保健の科学

      Volume: 64 Pages: 734-737

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] 母子の離乳食場面におけるリズミカルな表現2022

    • Author(s)
      外山紀子
    • Journal Title

      乳幼児医学・心理学研究

      Volume: 31 Pages: 47-63

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Developmental changes in infants’ physical contact with others across the transitional period from crawling to walking2022

    • Author(s)
      Noriko Toyama
    • Journal Title

      Infant and Child Development

      Volume: 31 Issue: 2

    • DOI

      10.1002/icd.2288

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report 2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Cultural differences between Japan and China in response to preschool mealtimes associated with COVID-192022

    • Author(s)
      韓雪・長谷川智子・外山紀子
    • Journal Title

      The Japanese journal of psychology

      Volume: 93 Issue: 3 Pages: 177-187

    • DOI

      10.4992/jjpsy.93.20080

    • ISSN
      0021-5236, 1884-1082
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 幼稚園・保育園における当番活動の実施状況と幼児期の発達に関する保育者の信念との関連性2022

    • Author(s)
      外山紀子
    • Journal Title

      乳幼児医学・心理学研究

      Volume: 30 Pages: 115-126

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Japanese preschoolers’ cooperative engagement in lunch monitoring activities2022

    • Author(s)
      Noriko Toyama
    • Journal Title

      Cogent Education

      Volume: 00 Pages: 00-00

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Development in infant object interactions across the period from crawling to walking: A longitudinal study in a daycare center2021

    • Author(s)
      西尾 千尋、石井 千夏、外山 紀子
    • Journal Title

      Cognitive Studies: Bulletin of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society

      Volume: 28 Issue: 4 Pages: 578-592

    • DOI

      10.11225/cs.2021.048

    • NAID

      130008129526

    • ISSN
      1341-7924, 1881-5995
    • Year and Date
      2021-12-01
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] カレーライスの盛り付けに応じた食器・食具操作の発達2021

    • Author(s)
      外山紀子・大石紗希
    • Journal Title

      人間生活工学

      Volume: 22 Pages: 46-52

    • NAID

      40022718161

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] 病気と死に関する理解2021

    • Author(s)
      外山紀子
    • Journal Title

      乳幼児医学・心理学研究

      Volume: 29 Pages: 3-8

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Developmental changes in infants’ object interactions across the transitional period from crawling to walking2020

    • Author(s)
      Toyama Noriko
    • Journal Title

      European Journal of Developmental Psychology

      Volume: 00 Issue: 4 Pages: 1-25

    • DOI

      10.1080/17405629.2020.1814730

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 新型コロナウイルス感染症の感染拡大による,乳幼児をもつ看護師の精神健康とワーク・ライフ・バランス2024

    • Author(s)
      大塚志帆梨・韓雪・外山紀子
    • Organizer
      乳幼児医学・心理学会第33回大会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 母子の離乳食場面におけるリズミカルな表現2022

    • Author(s)
      外山紀子
    • Organizer
      日本発達心理学会
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 病気と死に関する理解2021

    • Author(s)
      外山紀子
    • Organizer
      乳幼児医学・心理学会第30回大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Book] からだがかたどる発達:人・環境・時間のクロスモダリティ2024

    • Author(s)
      根ケ山光一・外山紀子(編)
    • Total Pages
      464
    • Publisher
      福村出版
    • ISBN
      4571230699
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 乳幼児は世界をどう理解しているのか2023

    • Author(s)
      外山紀子・中島伸子
    • Total Pages
      286
    • Publisher
      ポプラ社
    • ISBN
      4591179745
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 生命を理解する心の発達2020

    • Author(s)
      外山紀子
    • Total Pages
      208
    • Publisher
      ちとせプレス
    • ISBN
      9784908736186
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report

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Published: 2020-04-28   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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