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Studies on solar activity and its influence on Earth's environment using data over a century

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20K04033
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 16010:Astronomy-related
Research InstitutionNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan

Principal Investigator

SAKURAI Takashi  国立天文台, 太陽観測科学プロジェクト, 名誉教授 (40114491)

Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help
¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,820,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥420,000)
Keywords太陽 / 太陽黒点 / 太陽フレア / 太陽の周期活動 / 恒星フレア / 太陽活動の地球影響 / 太陽の長期変動 / 太陽物理学 / 大気光 / 地球環境 / データベース
Outline of Research at the Start

太陽の長期変動が地球の気候変動に影響を与えるかどうか?これは重要だが簡単に解答が得られる問題ではないので、できるだけ多様なインプットデータを揃え、その組み合わせから太陽紫外線・X線の強度変動、ひいては地球気候への影響を見積もりたい。使用するデータはできるだけ日本のデータを掘り起こして利用する。インプットとして太陽黒点相対数、極域白斑数、プロミネンスの極方向移動速度をとる。アウトプットとして、太陽紫外線・X線の間接的指標であるカルシウムK線強度(約百年間のデータがある)、コロナ輝線強度、大気光強度をとり、それらの指標の多変量相関を探る。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The data of sunspot group areas accumulated over 140 years were statistically analyzed. If the distribution function of sunspot areas is a power-law distribution, extremely large sunspots may appear if we wait long enough. However, the data to date already show a decline of the distribution faster than a power-law distribution. In other words, no matter how long we wait, no super giant sunspots will appear. A similar analysis was performed for X-ray observations of solar flares over a 40-year period and visible flare observations of solar-like stars. In both cases, we can conclude that the distribution functions decrease faster than the power-law distribution at high energies. Namely, there is an upper limit to the sizes of solar flares and stellar superflares.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

近年、太陽の活動とその地球環境への影響について注目が集まり、宇宙天気予報というキーワードで全世界で研究が進められている。フレア爆発は人工衛星の故障、高緯度地方の送電網への被害も起こすことが知られている。大きなフレアほど、あるいはフレアのエネルギーの源である黒点群の面積が大きいほど、地球への影響も大きいと予想される。恒星で起こる巨大黒点、巨大フレアとの類推から、太陽でも激甚宇宙天気災害があり得るとの説もある。しかし今回の研究では、これまでなされていなかった、長期間にわたる観測データの詳細かつ厳密な統計解析の結果、そのような可能性は極めて低いことを示すことができた。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2022 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • 2020 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (21 results)

All 2023 2022 2021 2020 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (7 results) Journal Article (9 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 5 results,  Peer Reviewed: 8 results,  Open Access: 7 results) Presentation (5 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] マックスプランク太陽系科学研究所(ドイツ)

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ロシア科学アカデミー太陽地球間物理学研究所(ロシア連邦)

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] 中国国家天文台雲南天文台(中国)

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] 慶熙大学/韓国天文研究院(韓国)

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] マックスプランク太陽系科学研究所(ドイツ)

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ロシア科学アカデミー太陽地球間物理学研究所(ロシア連邦)

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] 中国国家天文台雲南天文台(中国)

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] Probability Distribution Functions of Sunspot Magnetic Flux2023

    • Author(s)
      Sakurai Takashi、Toriumi Shin
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 943 Issue: 1 Pages: 10-10

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/aca28a

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Probability Distribution Functions of Solar and Stellar Flares2022

    • Author(s)
      Sakurai Takashi
    • Journal Title

      Physics

      Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Pages: 11-23

    • DOI

      10.3390/physics5010002

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] PSTEP: project for solar?terrestrial environment prediction2021

    • Author(s)
      Kusano Kanya、Ichimoto Kiyoshi、Ishii Mamoru、Miyoshi Yoshizumi、Yoden Shigeo、Akiyoshi Hideharu、Asai Ayumi、Ebihara Yusuke、Fujiwara Hitoshi、Goto Tada-Nori、Hanaoka Yoichiro、Hayakawa Hisashi、Hosokawa Keisuke、Hotta Hideyuki、Hozumi Kornyanat、Imada Shinsuke、Iwai Kazumasa、et al
    • Journal Title

      Earth, Planets and Space

      Volume: 73 Issue: 1 Pages: 159-159

    • DOI

      10.1186/s40623-021-01486-1

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Detailed Calibration of the Off-Axis Optical Characteristics for the X-Ray Telescope onboard Hinode2021

    • Author(s)
      Shin Junho、Kano Ryouhei、Sakurai Takashi、Kim Yeon-Han、Moon Yong-Jae
    • Journal Title

      EGU General Assembly

      Volume: 23

    • DOI

      10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13004

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Solar force-free magnetic fields2021

    • Author(s)
      Wiegelmann Thomas、Sakurai Takashi
    • Journal Title

      Living Reviews in Solar Physics

      Volume: 18 Issue: 1

    • DOI

      10.1007/s41116-020-00027-4

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Large-Scale Solar Magnetic Fields Observed with the Infrared Spectro-Polarimeter IRmag at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan: Comparison of Measurements Made in Different Spectral Lines and Observatories2020

    • Author(s)
      Demidov M. L.、Hanaoka Y.、Sakurai T.、Wang X. F.
    • Journal Title

      Solar Physics

      Volume: 295 Issue: 4

    • DOI

      10.1007/s11207-020-01620-4

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Analysis of full-disc Ca II K spectroheliograms2020

    • Author(s)
      Chatzistergos Theodosios、ほか18名(Sakurai Takashiを含む)
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 639 Pages: A88-A88

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/202037746

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Synoptic solar observations of the Solar Flare Telescope focusing on space weather2020

    • Author(s)
      Hanaoka Yoichiro、Sakurai Takashi、Otsuji Ken’ichi、Suzuki Isao、Morita Satoshi
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate

      Volume: 10 Pages: 41-41

    • DOI

      10.1051/swsc/2020044

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Internetwork Magnetic Fields Seen in Fe i 1564.8 nm Full-disk Images2020

    • Author(s)
      Hanaoka Yoichiro、Sakurai Takashi
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 904 Issue: 1 Pages: 63-63

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/abbc07

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] 太陽黒点群の出現頻度分布、面積分布、及び総面積分布2022

    • Author(s)
      桜井 隆、鳥海 森
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会春季年会
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 国立天文台太陽フレア望遠鏡赤外偏光分光観測装置データ評価と機器較正改修2022

    • Author(s)
      森田 諭、桜井 隆、花岡庸一郎、勝川行雄
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会春季年会
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 太陽フレア、恒星フレアのエネルギー頻度分布2021

    • Author(s)
      桜井 隆、鳥海 森
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会秋季年会
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 国立天文台三鷹太陽フレア望遠鏡近赤外偏光分光観測装置の SQL-DB と連携した pipeline 処理と較正精度向上2021

    • Author(s)
      森田 諭、花岡庸一郎、桜井 隆、勝川行雄、末松芳法
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会秋季年会
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 太陽表面の磁場構造のサイズ分布2021

    • Author(s)
      桜井 隆、鳥海 森
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会春季年会
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report

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Published: 2020-04-28   Modified: 2024-01-30  

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