| Project/Area Number |
20K06399
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Review Section |
Basic Section 42020:Veterinary medical science-related
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| Research Institution | Iwate University (2021-2022)
Iwate Medical University (2020) |
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Principal Investigator |
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
中牟田 信明 岩手大学, 農学部, 准教授 (00305822)
二階堂 雅人 東京工業大学, 生命理工学院, 准教授 (70432010)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
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| Keywords | 1型鋤鼻受容体 / ハイギョ / 嗅上皮 / 鋤鼻器 / in situ hybridization / 鋤鼻受容体 |
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| Outline of Research at the Start |
4種類のアフリカハイギョ（P. annectens, P. dolloi, P. aethiopicus, P. amphibious）と1種類の南米ハイギョ（Lepidosiren paradoxa）についてV1R遺伝子の塩基配列を決定し、嗅覚器におけるV1R発現細胞の分布を調べる。
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Most tetrapods possess two distinct olfactory organs, the olfactory epithelium (OE) and the vomeronasal organ (VNO). Lungfish, the closest fish to amphibians, has the lamellar OE and a primitive VNO (the recess epithelium, RecE). We identified the V1R genes in five of the six extant species of lungfish (four African and one South American lungfish) by RNA-seq. Most V1Rs identified in these lungfish were classified as the tetrapod-type V1Rs initially found in tetrapods and distinct from fish-type V1Rs. In situ hybridization analysis indicated that lungfish V1Rs were expressed mainly in the lamellar OE and rarely in the RecE. In addition, the juveniles showed a higher density of V1R-expressing cells in the lamellar OE compared with the adults.
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
魚はVNOを持たず、OEにすべての嗅覚受容体が発現している。進化の過程で、匂い受容体と鋤鼻受容体の発現部位が分かれて四足動物のOEとVNOが生じたと考えられているが、その詳細な過程は不明であった。本研究成果はハイギョと両生類の共通祖先の嗅覚器に鋤鼻受容体（V1R/V2R）を発現する場として原始的VNOが誕生したが、進化の過程でV1Rの発現が失われ、両生類のVNO（V2Rだけを発現）が生じたことを示唆する。
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