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Measurement of the distribution along the Galactic plane and spectra of low-energy cosmic rays by precise observations of cosmic X-rays

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20K14491
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Basic Section 15020:Experimental studies related to particle-, nuclear-, cosmic ray and astro-physics
Research InstitutionKindai University

Principal Investigator

Nobukawa Kumiko  近畿大学, 理工学部, 講師 (60815687)

Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Discontinued (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥4,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥930,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Keywords宇宙線 / 天の川銀河 / 超新星残骸 / X線天文学
Outline of Research at the Start

銀河宇宙線の起源は高エネルギー宇宙物理の未解決問題の1つである。それは、「熱的粒子の一部が衝撃波により加速され、徐々に高いエネルギーになるプロセス」と理解されている。しかしこれまでは高エネルギー宇宙線(GeV-TeV帯域)しか観測されておらず、低エネルギー宇宙線(keV-MeV帯域)は未観測だった。申請者は「中性鉄からのX線輝線を用いた低エネルギー宇宙線測定」という新しい手法を「すざく」衛星の観測データを用いて実証した。本研究は、NuSTAR、XRISM衛星によるX線観測を用いて低エネルギー宇宙線の空間分布とエネルギースペクトルを初めて明らかにする。これにより、銀河宇宙線の真の起源を解明する。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The origin of Galactic cosmic rays is one of the unsolved problems in high-energy astrophysics. Until now, only thermal particles (in the keV band) and high-energy cosmic rays (in the GeV-TeV band) have been observed, while the observational data of the low-energy cosmic rays (in the keV-MeV band) have not been scarce. We devised a "low-energy cosmic-ray measurement using X-ray emission lines from neutral iron" and demonstrated it by observing supernova remnants and the Galactic plane of the Milky Way. In this study, we investigated the distribution and spectra of low-energy cosmic rays in the Galaxy not only through X-ray observations but also through radio observations and theoretical studies.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

我々の手法である中性鉄からのX線輝線を用いた低エネルギー宇宙線の探査は、シンプルな物理過程を基にしている。「すざく」衛星は鉄輝線バンドで低バックグラウンドかつ高い検出感度とエネルギー分解能をもち、広がった中性鉄からのX線輝線に対して世界最高レベルの性能を持つ。そのため、この視点に注目した研究は他にない。本手法をさらに発展させるため、本研究では2023年度打ち上げのX線天文衛星「XRISM」の較正を行い、低エネルギー宇宙線研究だけでなく、国内外の「XRISM」観測に対しても重要な貢献を果たした。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2023 Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Annual Research Report
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • 2020 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (29 results)

All 2023 2022 2021 2020

All Journal Article (17 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 5 results,  Peer Reviewed: 16 results,  Open Access: 10 results) Presentation (12 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 2 results,  Invited: 2 results)

  • [Journal Article] Confirmation of dust scattering echo around MAXI J1421-613 by Swift observation2023

    • Author(s)
      Nobukawa Kumiko K.、Nobukawa Masayoshi、Yamauchi Shigeo
    • Journal Title

      Advances in Space Research

      Volume: 71 Issue: 1 Pages: 1074-1079

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.asr.2022.09.003

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Initial state of the recombining plasma in supernova remnant W282023

    • Author(s)
      Himono Rui、Nobukawa Masayoshi、Yamauchi Shigeo、Nobukawa Kumiko K、Suzuki Nari
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 75 Issue: 2 Pages: 373-383

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psad005

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Spectral study of the Galactic ridge X-ray emission with Suzaku: Comparison of the spectral shape with point sources2023

    • Author(s)
      Yamamoto Kumiko、Yamauchi Shigeo、Nobukawa Masayoshi、Nobukawa Kumiko K、Uchiyama Hideki
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 75 Issue: 3 Pages: 75-75

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psad016

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Simulation Study of Pulse Height Difference Between Pixel Patterns of X-ray CCDs Onboard the XRISM Satellite2023

    • Author(s)
      Aoki Yuma、Ito Yamato、Nobukawa Masayoshi et al.
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of science

      Volume: 420 Pages: 0036-0036

    • DOI

      10.22323/1.420.0036

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Suzaku observations of Fe K-shell lines in the supernova remnant W51C and hard X-ray sources in the proximity2022

    • Author(s)
      Shimaguchi Aika、Nobukawa Kumiko K、Yamauchi Shigeo、Nobukawa Masayoshi、Fujita Yutaka
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 74 Issue: 3 Pages: 656-663

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psac026

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Xtend, the soft x-ray imaging telescope for the x-ray imaging and spectroscopy mission (XRISM)2022

    • Author(s)
      Mori Koji、Tomida Hiroshi、Nakajima Hiroshi、(他52名)
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the SPIE

      Volume: 12181 Pages: 11-11

    • DOI

      10.1117/12.2626894

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] A broadband x-ray imaging spectroscopy in the 2030s: the FORCE mission2022

    • Author(s)
      Koji Mori, Takeshi G. Tsuru, Tetsu Kitayama (31番目), 他
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation

      Volume: 12181 Pages: 1218122-1218122

    • DOI

      10.1117/12.2628772

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] X-Ray Emission from the PeVatron-candidate Supernova Remnant G106.3+2.72021

    • Author(s)
      Yutaka Fujita, Aya Bamba, Kumiko K. Nobukawa, Hironori Matsumoto
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 912 Issue: 2 Pages: 133-133

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/abf14a

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Measurement of Low-energy Cosmic Rays2021

    • Author(s)
      Kumiko K. Nobukawa
    • Journal Title

      New Horizons in Galactic Center Astronomy and Beyond. ASP Conference Series

      Volume: 528 Pages: 415-1422

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] Discovery of a Wind-blown Bubble Associated with the Supernova Remnant G346.6-0.2: A Hint for the Origin of Recombining Plasma2021

    • Author(s)
      Sano H.、Suzuki H.、Nobukawa K. K.、Filipovic M. D.、Fukui Y.、Moriya T. J.
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 923 Issue: 1 Pages: 15-15

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ac1c02

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Screening and selection of XRISM/Xtend flight model CCD2021

    • Author(s)
      Yoneyama Tomokage、Noda Hirofumi、Hanaoka Maho et al.
    • Journal Title

      Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

      Volume: 985 Pages: 164676-164676

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.nima.2020.164676

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Intrusion of MeV?TeV Cosmic Rays into Molecular Clouds Studied by Ionization, the Neutral Iron Line, and Gamma Rays2021

    • Author(s)
      Fujita Yutaka、Nobukawa Kumiko K.、Sano Hidetoshi
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 908 Issue: 2 Pages: 136-136

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/abce62

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Discovery of annular X-ray emission centered on MAXI?J1421-613: Dust-scattering X-rays?2020

    • Author(s)
      Nobukawa Kumiko K、Nobukawa Masayoshi、Yamauchi Shigeo
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 72 Issue: 2

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psaa007

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] X-ray emission from the mixed-morphology supernova remnant HB92020

    • Author(s)
      Saito Mariko、Yamauchi Shigeo、Nobukawa Kumiko K、Bamba Aya、Pannuti Thomas G
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 72 Issue: 4 Pages: 65-65

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psaa042

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Discovery of recombining plasma associated with the candidate supernova remnant G189.6+3.3 with Suzaku2020

    • Author(s)
      Yamauchi Shigeo、Oya Moe、Nobukawa Kumiko K、Pannuti Thomas G
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 72 Issue: 5

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psaa070

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Optical blocking performance of CCDs developed for the X-ray Astronomy Satellite XRISM2020

    • Author(s)
      Uchida, Hiroyuki; Tanaka, Takaaki; Amano, Yuki; Okon, Hiromichi; Tsuru, Takeshi G.; Nakajima, Hiroshi; Noda, Hirofumi; Hayashida, Kiyoshi; Matsumoto, Hironori; Hanaoka, Maho; Yoneyama, Tomokage; Okazaki, Koki; Asakura, Kazunori; et al.
    • Journal Title

      Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A

      Volume: 978 Pages: 1-1

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.nima.2020.164374

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Experimental studies on the charge transfer inefficiency of CCD developed for the soft X-ray imaging telescope Xtend aboard the XRISM satellite2020

    • Author(s)
      Kanemaru Yoshiaki、Sato Jin、Kumiko K. Nobukawa et al.
    • Journal Title

      Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

      Volume: 984 Pages: 164646-164646

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.nima.2020.164646

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] X線分光撮像衛星(XRISM) 搭載軟X線撮像装置(Xtend) の開発の現状(9)2023

    • Author(s)
      信川久実子 他 XRISM/Xtend チーム
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2023年春季年会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Simulation study of pulse height difference between pixel patterns of X-ray CCDs onboard the XRISM satellite2022

    • Author(s)
      Aoki Yuma、Kumiko K. Nobukawa et al.
    • Organizer
      10th International Workshop on Semiconductor Pixel Detectors for Particles and Imaging
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 超新星残骸3C396における鉄K輝線の調査2022

    • Author(s)
      信川久実子、神農夕奈
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2022年秋季年会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 超新星残骸における低エネルギー宇宙線起源の中性鉄輝線の探査2022

    • Author(s)
      森川朋美、信川久実子、小沼将天、信川正順、山内茂雄、佐治重孝、松本浩典
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2022年秋季年会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] X線天文衛星「すざく」による超新星残骸3C400.2のプラズマ調査2022

    • Author(s)
      小沼将天、信川久実子、信川正順、山内茂雄
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2022年秋季年会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] X線分光撮像衛星XRISM搭載CCD検出器におけるGoffsetのシミュレーション2022

    • Author(s)
      青木悠馬、信川久実子、信川正順、金丸善朗、宮崎啓太郎、楠康平、森浩二、冨田洋、中嶋大、松本浩典、野田博文、林田清、鶴剛、内田裕之、田中孝明、鈴木寛大、吉田鉄生、米山友景、村上弘志、山内誠、廿日出勇、萩野浩一、幸村孝由、小林翔悟、平賀純子、内山秀樹、山岡和貴、尾崎正伸、堂谷忠靖、常深博、他 XRISM/Xtend チーム
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2022年秋季年会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 次期X線天文衛星XRISMで探る天の川銀河に広がるX線放射2022

    • Author(s)
      信川久実子、XRISM GCチーム
    • Organizer
      天の川銀河研究会2022
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 超小型衛星で探る銀河系中心・銀河面からの鉄輝線2022

    • Author(s)
      信川久実子、鶴剛、信川正順
    • Organizer
      2040年代のスペース天文学
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] SwiftとすざくによるMAXI J1421-613のダスト散乱エコーの観測2022

    • Author(s)
      信川久実子、信川正順、山内茂雄
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2022年春季年会
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 低エネルギー宇宙線起源の中性鉄輝線探査と今後の展望2021

    • Author(s)
      信川久実子
    • Organizer
      SNR Workshop 2022
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 中性鉄輝線で探る低エネルギー宇宙線2021

    • Author(s)
      信川久実子
    • Organizer
      低エネルギー宇宙線ワークショップ
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Discovery of annular X-ray emission centered on MAXI J1421-613: Dust-scattering X-rays?2020

    • Author(s)
      K. K. Nobukawa, M. Nobukawa, S. Yamauchi
    • Organizer
      43rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research

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Published: 2020-04-28   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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