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Nebular emission of Kilonovae

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20K14513
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Basic Section 16010:Astronomy-related
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

Hotokezaka Kenta  東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 准教授 (50867033)

Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥3,640,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥840,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Keywords重力波天文学 / 重元素の起源 / キロノバ放射 / 原子の禁制線データ / キロノバ 放射の解明 / 元素の起源の特定 / 中性子星合体が作る元素 / キロノバ / 元素の起源
Outline of Research at the Start

重力波および電磁波を用いた中性子星合体の観測は全く新しい形の天文学を開いた。特に、 rプロセス元素の崩壊によって駆動されるキロノバの研究によって、今後、太陽系に存在する 重元素の起源に大きく迫ることが期待されている。本研究課題では、キロノバが光学的に薄 くなった後期、いわゆる星雲期の温度やイオン率、さらにそこからの放射スペクトルの計算を遂行する。そのために必要となる原子構造に関係する量の計算を行う。本研究課題では、観測されるキロノバ星雲期の赤外線スペクトルか ら中性子星合体によって生成される元素の特定や組成比などの推定するための理論の構築を行う。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The ejecta produced in neutron star mergers enters a nebular phase after the ejecta become optically thin to thermal photons This phase is referred to as the kilonova nebular phase. We studied the ionization state and energy-level population of heavy elements in the nebular phase by solving ionization and cooling balance, where the ionization and heating are determined by radioactivity of beta-unstable nuclei. We solved the balance equations in the case that the composition is represented by Nd ions. The atomic data are derived by using atomic-structure codes. We constructed an M1 line list of heavy elements based on experimentally measured energy levels. With this line list, we showed that the observed spectrum of the kilonova AT 2017gfo exhibits an emission line of doubly ionized Te at 2.1 micron.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

2017年の中性子星合体からの重力波と電磁波の同時検出以降、中性子星合体が宇宙に存在する重元素の起源である可能性が高まっている。しかし、中性子星合体のエジェクタの物理状況がよくわかっていないことや、必要となる原子データの不足であることから、観測されたスペクトルから分光学的に元素を同定することは容易ではない。本研究課題では、これらの課題に取り組み、合体後10日以降に見られる輝線からテルルなどの重元素の特定に成功した。この成果は、重元素の起源を明らかにする上で、重要な意義がある。

Report

(5 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Research-status Report
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • 2020 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (12 results)

All 2023 2022 2021 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (4 results) Journal Article (6 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 6 results,  Peer Reviewed: 6 results,  Open Access: 4 results) Presentation (2 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 2 results,  Invited: 2 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] Vilnius University(リトアニア)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Radboud University(オランダ)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Vilnius University(リトアニア)

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Vilnius University(リトアニア)

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] Tellurium emission line in kilonova AT 2017gfo2023

    • Author(s)
      Hotokezaka Kenta、Tanaka Masaomi、Kato Daiji、Gaigalas Gediminas
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters

      Volume: 526 Issue: 1 Pages: L155-L159

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnrasl/slad128

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Heavy-element production in a compact object merger observed by JWST2023

    • Author(s)
      Levan Andrew J.、Gompertz Benjamin P.、Salafia Om Sharan、Bulla Mattia、Burns Eric、Hotokezaka Kenta、et al
    • Journal Title

      Nature

      Volume: 626 Issue: 8000 Pages: 737-741

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41586-023-06759-1

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Transition Probabilities of Near-infrared Ce III Lines from Stellar Spectra: Applications to Kilonovae2023

    • Author(s)
      Nanae Domoto, Jae-Joon Lee, Masaomi Tanaka, Ho-Gyu Lee, Wako Aoki, Miho N. Ishigaki, Shinya Wanajo, Daiji Kato, Hotokezaka Kenta
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 956 Issue: 2 Pages: 113-113

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/acf65a

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Tungsten versus Selenium as a potential source of kilonova nebular emission observed by Spitzer2022

    • Author(s)
      Hotokezaka Kenta、Tanaka Masaomi、Kato Daiji、Gaigalas Gediminas
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters

      Volume: 515 Issue: 1 Pages: L89-L93

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnrasl/slac071

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Nebular Emission from Lanthanide-rich Ejecta of Neutron Star Merger2021

    • Author(s)
      Hotokezaka Kenta、Tanaka Masaomi、Kato Daiji、Gaigalas Gediminas
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: 506 Pages: 5863-5877

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/stab1975

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Hunting wide-area optical surveys for high proper motion isolated neutron stars2021

    • Author(s)
      Toyouchi Daisuke、Hotokezaka Kenta、Takada Masahiro
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: 510 Issue: 1 Pages: 611-619

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/stab3428

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Kilonova and Neutron Star Merger Plasma2023

    • Author(s)
      Kenta Hotokezaka
    • Organizer
      The 14th International Colloquium on Atomic Spec- tra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Kilonova Spectrum: Photospheric and Nebular phases2023

    • Author(s)
      Kenta Hotokezaka
    • Organizer
      Multi-messenger Modeling of Neutron Star Mergers
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited

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Published: 2020-04-28   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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