Genetic relationship between wild and cultivated chestnut population and identification of the genes related to chestnut domestication

• Project/Area Number: 20K15524
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Review Section: Basic Section 39030:Horticultural science-related
• Research Institution: National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
• Principal Investigator: Nishio Sogo 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構, 果樹茶業研究部門, 主任研究員 (30507596)
• Project Period (FY): 2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
• Budget Amount: ¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000); Fiscal Year 2022: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000); Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,820,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥420,000)
• Keywords: 遺伝的多様性 / 遺伝資源 / 遺伝的構造解析 / クリ / 栽培化 / 遺伝子流動 / コアレセント解析 / DNA / 遺伝構造解析 / GWAS / 栽培 / 野生

Outline of Research at the Start

クリは日本で栽培化された唯一の果樹であり、古くから栽培されている栽培品種と全国に分布する野生グリは貴重な遺伝資源である。本研究ではこれらの遺伝的な分類をDNA解析により詳細に行う。これにより、適切な遺伝資源の保存と日本のクリの栽培の歴史の科学的な検証が可能となる。さらに、野生グリおよび栽培品種の全ゲノムを解読することで、果実の大きさ等の栽培化に関わる有用な遺伝子を明らかにする。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

We collected wild chestnut populations distributed all over Japan. Genetic structure analysis was conducted using wild and cultivated chestnut populations. The wild populations in Kyushu were genetically distant from other populations, and the populations other than Kyushu were gradually differentiated among northeastern, Kanto and southwestern Japan. The bi-directional gene flow between cultivars and wild individuals were detected in Kanto region, whereas only direction from cultivars to wild populations was confirmed in Tanba region. Those results suggested cultivars in Kanto were selected from wild individuals in Kanto region, whereas cultivars in Tanba may be affected by genotypes introduced from other regions, several human selection steps, and complex domestication process.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

日本全国を網羅する野生グリを収集し、栽培グリとともに遺伝的関係を明らかにした。一部の収集した野生グリは農研機構ジーンバンクに登録しており、研究や育種目的に利用することができる。農研機構のクリ育種においても、遺伝的多様性の拡大や温暖地域への栽培適応を目的として、収集した九州の野生クリを交雑利用している。
また、一部の野生グリは栽培グリからの遺伝子流動により遺伝的構造が変化していることから、生息域内保存だけでなく、ジーンバンク等の生息域外保存が重要であることが示唆された。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Detecting a novel locus associated with pellicle peelability in Japanese chestnut populations preselected for a major peelability gene (2022)
  • Author(s): Nishio, Sogo Hayashi, Takeshi Shirasawa, Kenta Terakami, Shingo Takada, Norio Takeuchi, Yukie Imai, Atsushi Saito, Toshihiro
  • Journal Title: Scientia Horticulturae Volume: 306 Pages: 111336-111336
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111446
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Genetic structure analysis of cultivated and wild chestnut populations reveals gene flow from cultivars to natural stands (2021)
  • Author(s): Nishio Sogo、Takada Norio、Terakami Shingo、Takeuchi Yukie、Kimura Megumi K.、Isoda Keiya、Saito Toshihiro、Iketani Hiroyuki
  • Journal Title: Scientific Reports Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Pages: 240-240
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80696-1
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Genetic evidence that Chinese chestnut cultivars in Japan are derived from two divergent genetic structures that originated in China (2020)
  • Author(s): Nishio Sogo、Ruan Shuan、Sawamura Yutaka、Terakami Shingo、Takada Norio、Takeuchi Yukie、Saito Toshihiro、Inoue Eiich
  • Journal Title: PLOS ONE Volume: 15 Issue: 7 Pages: e0235354-e0235354
  • DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235354
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 遺伝子流動とコアレセント解析から紐解くニホングリ栽培化の歴史 (2022)
  • Author(s): 西尾聡悟・髙田教臣・竹内由季恵・今井 篤・木村 恵・池谷祐幸
  • Organizer: 園芸学会