In vitro evaluation of alternative adsorbents to activated charcoal for treatment of acute poisoning

Research Project

Project/Area Number	20K17906
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
Allocation Type	Multi-year Fund
Review Section	Basic Section 55060:Emergency medicine-related
Research Institution	Kitasato University
Principal Investigator	Tomoda Yoshinori 北里大学, 薬学部, 助教 (30772850)
Project Period (FY)	2020-04-01 – 2022-03-31
Project Status	Completed (Fiscal Year 2021)
Budget Amount *help	¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000) Fiscal Year 2021: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000) Fiscal Year 2020: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Keywords	活性炭 / 薬用炭 / 急性中毒 / 消化管除染 / 代替吸着材 / 超活性炭 / イオン交換樹脂 / 吸着 / 中毒 / 吸着剤
Outline of Research at the Start	活性炭は様々な薬毒物を吸着することができ、急性中毒初期治療の第一選択薬として用いられている。アルコールや重金属、無機イオン、ホウ酸、ハロゲン化物などは毒性が高く、中毒事例が散見されるが、活性炭による吸着が期待できないため投与が推奨されない。そこで、活性炭無効物質に対して、臨床応用可能な吸着剤を検討し、適切な吸着剤を用いた代替吸着療法の確立を目指す。
Outline of Final Research Achievements	Super activated charcoal, sodium polystyrene sulfonate which is a cation exchange resin, and cholestyramine which is an anion exchange resin, were evaluated as alternative adsorbents for substances (methanol, ethylene glycol, lead nitrate, thallium sulfate, lithium carbonate, potassium chloride, sodium bromate, and boric acid) for which activated charcoal was not effective. The super activated charcoal and anion exchange resin showed only slight adsorption of all substances and boric acid, respectively, same as activated charcoal, and were not found to be useful as alternative adsorbents. On the other hand, the cation exchange resin adsorbed more lead, thallium, lithium, and potassium than activated charcoal, suggesting its usefulness as an alternative adsorbent.
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	超活性炭および陰イオン交換樹脂は吸着しなかったが、陽イオン交換樹脂は重金属や無機イオンに対して薬用炭より優れた吸着能を示し、代替吸着剤としての有用性が示唆された。重金属や無機イオンを誤って大量に摂取し中毒になる危険性がある場合、陽イオン交換樹脂による吸着療法が効果的である可能性が示された。